论历史地震研究在工程地震中的作用

本文通过回顾，展望及对现行《工程场地地震安全性评价工作规范》有关条文的理解，论述了历史地震研究在工程地震中的重要作用。历史地震研究，不仅在甄别历史地震参数、评定场地的地震基本烈度、编制地震烈度区划图、分析地震资料的时空不均匀性和历史地震对场地的方面是主要的手段和方法，而且在提供具有概率含义的抗震设防参数、编制综合性的设防区划图、确定背景地震强度等方面，也可能成为重要的方法。     

元代中国的建制城市

中国古代城市市政建制出现于公元１２世纪中叶，发展成熟于１３至１４世纪前半期，其主要标志是都市警巡院和城市录事司的兴起，对城市实行专门行政管理是城市发展的客观要求，也是城市规模扩大及其职能完善的结果，本文就中国元代城市市政建制的职能及建制城市的规模和性质等城市历史地理问题作了较为系统的探讨。     

Reappraisal of major African earthquakes,south of 20°N, 1900–1930

We have re-examined those earthquakes in Africa south of 20°N, in the period 1900–1930, that appear from instrumental or macroseismic evidence to have a magnitude of 5 3/4 or greater. We identify more than 50 such events, about twice as many as listed by Gutenberg and Richter (1954). We find that the combined use of early instrumental readings and macroseismic information gleaned from previously untapped sources gives the best control of location. Instrumental relocation is difficult because of the lack of stations in Africa and the very uneven global distribution. For the low-gain, medium-period instruments then in use, the best control often comes from using the maximum Airy phase of surface waves. Similarly, there is a lack of sources of macroseismic information, and the simple building practice makes it difficult to assess intensity. We have recalculated magnitude Ms uniformly using the Prague formula. We discuss these problems and show that it is likely that our list is complete only down to magnitude about 6, and that the seismic record for Africa before this century will probably remain incomplete for events of all magnitudes.Of the 54 events in our list 20 are between magnitude 6 and 7, and the largest is the Rukwa earthquake of 1910 in Tanzania (Ms 7.4). The only other African event known to rival it in size is that in southern Sudan on 20 May 1990 (Ms 7.2).     

Histortical seismicity of the offshore Fujian-Guangdong region

The earthquakes offshore Fujian and Guangdong Provinces concentrated along the two segments near Nan’ao in the south and Quanzhou in the north of the off coast fault, which is very active since the late Pleistocene. In 1918 and 1906, two earthquakes with magnitudes 7.3 and 6.1 respectively occurred in the south and the north regions. With the instrumentally determined seismic parameters of these two earthquakes as standards, the author evaluated the parameters of the historical earthquakes by comparing their macroseismic materials with consideration of the geological background. As a result, chronological tables of historical earthquakes of the south and the north regions were compiled. The seismic activity of the two regions synchronized basically, and their strongest recorded earthquakes were both aroundM _s 7.3. Seismic activity usually intensified before the occurrence of strong events. Aftershocks were frequent, but strong aftershocks usually occurred one to several years after the main shock. Two high tides of seismic activity occurred since the late 15th century. Around 1600, eight earthquakes each with magnitudes over 4.3 occurred in both of the two regions. The magnitude of the strongest shock in the south region is 6.7, that in the north region is 7.5. The second high tide occurred at the early 20th century. Among the 18 earthquakes occurred in the south region, one was of magnitude 7.3; whilst only two earthquakes with magnitudes 6.1 and 5.5 respectively occurred in the north region. Further, medium to strong earthquakes never occurred since 1942. Whether this is the “mitigation effect” of strong shocks, or a big earthquake is brewing in the north region is worth intensive study. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 505–515, 1991. This work is supported by Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLUTION OF BEIJING-TIANJIN-TANGSHAN REGION FROM JIN DYNASTY TO THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA (A.D. 1153-1949)

TheBejingTial1jin-TangShanroponisoneofh1edevelopedareasinpolitics,econonucsandcultureinClllna,andanessel1tialplaceforagro-economicdevelopmentsinceanciottimes.Intheearlypartofti1eNeolithjcPenod,humanbeingShavebeenengngedinvariousproductonaCtlvitiesinti1eropon,especiallyinh1elast8OOyearssinceJlnDynastyAsBejinghasbeenthenationalcapitalaswellasthepoliticalandculturalcel1terinChina,thehumanpowerovernaturehasbecomestrongerandstrongerwhichexerteddireCtandfar-reaChinginfluenceonitsadjacedareas.b…     

The Bou Medfaa (Algeria) earthquake of 7 November 1959

The Bou Medfaa earthquake of 7 November 1959 occurred at 2 h 32 min 7 s (GMT); it is one of the most destructive seismic events that central Algeria experienced this century. The main shock, which lasted 8 s in Bou Medfaa, caused only two injuries but made at least 500 homeless; it destroyed or heavily damaged more than 80% of the houses, farms and public buildings in Bou Medfaa and its immediate surroundings. Poor-quality constructions were the main cause of the damage. The total cost of damage was estimated at 300 million French francs. The earthquake was preceded by two slight foreshocks and followed by a series of lower intensity aftershocks. It was associated with slight surface ground fissures in Bou Medfaa. Compilation and detailed study of the contemporary source documents relative to this earthquake have led to the reconstruction of its macroseismic field and thus to the re-assessment of the strength of the ground shaking. Intensities were re-evaluated anew in many sites. Maximum intensity has been re-estimated at I₀ = VIII (MSK), assigned to Bou Medfaa, Hammam Righa and their close vicinities, an area about 8 km radius. The shock was felt as far as Dellys 150 km away with intensity III (MSK). From the intensity data, the macroseismic epicentre was located slightly north of Bou Medfaa at 36·41°N, 2·48°E, and an isoseismal map of the main shock has been constructed. The surface-wave magnitude has been calculated, without station corrections, at 4·90 (±0·40). The instrumental epicentre has been relocated, using the present location procedure of the ISC, at 36·38°N, 2·55°E. The analysis of destructive earthquakes provides a fundamental means for the reduction of future seismic catastrophes by suggesting new ways of improving local construction procedures, building materials, strengthening and properly repairing existing structures and implantation of new urban and rural settlements.     

1888年渤海地震震群的考证与分析

根据史料考证并分析了1888年渤海7 1/4级地震震群的时空分布,及地震序列、震中位置、震级,其结果此次地震为具有前震和余震的主震型地震。     

龙门山断裂带茂汶—汶川段的长期强震潜势

本文针对自然生态系统和人工生态系统，分别讨论了公路在选线、施工和运营期对生态的影响，以及通过生态工程达到生态恢复和优化的设想，并首次阐述了“路界生态系统”的概念和内容。     

中国清代前历史强震的编目

本文概略的介绍了新编“中国历史强震目录”（公元前约２３世纪至清代末）及编纂内容，并综合归纳了某些历史地震参数的变化情况．     

西方欧美现代历史地理学的发展及其趋势

现代历史地理学，作为现代地理学中的一个独立发支学科，是自十九世纪末才逐渐从西方历史学科中脱胎出来，至本世纪２０、３０年代发展成为一门现代学科，从２０年代至９０代代，西方现代历史地理学的发展经历了学科定义探讨时期、方法论探索时期、新哲学思维影响时期和９０年代以来的多元化研究趋势。