河北省长城沿线县域旅游产业集聚对经济增长的空间溢出效应研究

通过2015—2019年河北省长城沿线县域旅游产业集聚水平测算,归纳河北省长城沿线县域旅游集聚现状特征,并在地理权重矩阵的基础上采用探索性空间数据分析,探究各县域人均GDP的区域分异规律,运用空间计量经济学模型探讨县域旅游产业集聚对经济增长的空间溢出效应。结果表明：(1)河北省长城沿线县域的旅游集聚差异整体上呈现收敛态势;(2)人均GDP的空间正相关性显著,空间集聚度大体呈现稳中有降,且逐渐向均衡态势发展;(3)县域间人均GDP正向空间溢出效应明显;旅游集聚正向效应显著,是影响人均GDP的重要因素。基于以上分析提出相应建议,有利于县域间旅游经济活动的合作与竞争,对于长城的保护与传承也具有重要意义。     

非物质文化遗产旅游开发风险评价——以天津市为例

在对非物质文化遗产旅游开发风险识别的基础上,通过模糊评价法建立多级模糊综合评价模型,对天津传统表演艺术、工艺美术和民俗三类主要的非物质文化遗产旅游开发风险进行评价。天津非物质文化遗产旅游开发风险整体处于较低水平,适宜旅游开发;不同类型的非物质文化遗产旅游开发风险不同,民俗类旅游开发风险最高,工艺美术类次之,传统表演艺术类最低;三类非物质文化遗产旅游开发的客体风险都很高,环境风险相对较低,主体风险最低。在开发过程中应对不同类型的非物质文化遗产的各类风险予以不同程度的关注。     

山西省国内旅游市场空间结构与差异分析

选取集中率、地理集中度、变异系数和区位熵等指标分析2001—2012年山西省国内旅游市场空间特征和差异。山西省国内旅游市场空间结构集聚性呈现起伏波动态势,且出现开始减弱趋势;从空间差异看,离散程度偏高,说明山西省国内旅游市场总体呈现不稳定性,市场波动大、市场结构不稳定对全省的旅游发展有抑制作用。形成这种特征与差异的主要原因是资源禀赋与交通区位条件等。据此,提出促进山西省国内旅游发展的对策与建议。     

海岛旅游开发对地方文化影响——以舟山普陀山与三亚槟榔谷为例

以中国海岛旅游的先驱（舟山普陀）与后起之秀（三亚槟榔谷）为研究区域,采用问卷调查等质性方法调查、解析旅游开发对普陀山与槟榔谷的饮食文化、特色文化及日常生活方式等的影响。研究发现：（1）两地饮食文化受旅游开发影响深远,集中表现为利用具有文化价值的佛教或黎族饮食开发旅游商品,成为两地居民就业与参与旅游发展的重要载体;（2）佛教、黎族文化分别作为普陀山、槟榔谷的地方特色文化,旅游开发使它们日益商业化与世俗化,但是日益重视地方居民的参与效益的分享;（3）两地旅游发展成熟度存在较大差异,但已经对当地居民日常物质生活产生积极影响,但居民精神生活与行为方式等影响存在争议;（4）海岛旅游发展在一定程度上传承与保护了两地民间工艺等。     

SD法在城市社区绿色休闲质量评价中的运用——以杭州市为例

SD(semantic differential)法是心理学领域运用于空间感知研究的一种方法。以杭州市为案例城市,模拟SD法在城市社区绿色休闲质量评价中的应用。选择杭州市10个样本社区为研究对象,通过调查居民对所居住社区17项有关绿色休闲质量的满意度,运用SD法刻画居民对社区空间休闲感知的基本印象,进而运用SPSS分析评价社区空间绿色休闲质量的5大因子及因子间的关系。居民在评价其居住社区的绿色休闲质量状况时,感知因子贡献率最大,即提高社区绿色休闲质量的关键是增强社区休闲活动与空间所提供的放松与美感层面的功能。     

珠海市旅游用地生态优化研究

旅游用地生态优化是实现旅游用地持续利用与管理的重要途径。为弥补目前该领域关于时空布局和土地类型结构优化研究的不足,构建了基于生态适宜性和生态绿当量的ES-EGE(Ecological Suitability and Ecological Green Equivalent)旅游用地生态优化模型,包括时空优化配置模型和类型结构优化模型。借助3S技术,运用基于生态适宜性的旅游用地时空优化配置模型进行时空分析,得到珠海市旅游用地布局的生态适宜性分区图,未来依次布局西部生态适宜区内的康体休闲度假旅游用地项目、中部生态适宜区和生态较适宜区内的游乐、会展、游艇、高尔夫等特色旅游项目、东部生态较适宜区内特色岛屿的海洋休闲度假、运动游乐和生态休闲项目。现有旅游用地中,对已布局在生态非适宜区内的用地进行生态修复,将其中至少5.74%的建设用地调整为林地;运用基于生态绿当量的旅游用地类型结构优化模型分析计算,得出在土地利用类型结构方面,除将全部草地调整为林地外,还需将至少13.04hm2的建设用地调整为林地;综合时空优化配置模型和类型结构优化模型得出珠海市旅游用地生态优化结果空间分布图。建议生态非适宜区、生态较适宜区和生态适宜区建设用地所占比例分别不超过总用地面积的10.92%、15.13%%和52.48%。模型计算结果可为珠海市旅游用地生态优化与管理决策提供参考。     

旅游中心城市相关概念辨析

旅游中心城市概念源于旅游中心地,旅游中心地则是中心地理论在旅游业中的应用。通过对旅游中心地、旅游中心城市、旅游集散地、旅游目的地等概念的系统梳理与逻辑思辨,归纳出如下观点:旅游中心城市属于旅游中心地的一个种类,它以供给旅游服务为核心职能,旅游服务功能的中心性大小决定了其在区域旅游中的地位。在严格意义上,它不等同于中心城市,常表现为旅游集散地和旅游服务中心,但未必是游客的终极旅游目的地。旅游中心城市常将集旅游吸引中心和旅游服务中心两大功能于一体作为其理想发展目标。     

广西北部湾经济区旅游可持续发展评价

基于专家打分法与AHP法、多目标线性规划法获得指标体系的权重和评分值。构造了相对最大差异尺度和均衡度公式,界定了最优均衡度综合指标及其4种均衡状态、最优和非最优均衡趋向指标以及单项指标筛选标准,从而系统地改进了旅游可持续发展的评价分析方法;分析了北部湾经济区旅游可持续发展的地区差异以及影响因素,研究发现：1）北部湾经济区旅游地可持续发展能力整体不高且地区发展不平衡,南宁处于基本可持续发展阶段,其他地级市处于准备阶段;地级市之间、地区内部各要素之间的可持续发展优势差异明显。2）旅游可持续发展环境不足以及旅游业趋向过于均衡发展,促使当前与未来区域旅游发展协调处于初步可持续发展阶段,但是地区之间旅游发展环境差异小,区域旅游可持续发展潜力大。3）旅游发展规划作用明显,良好的旅游业发展现状是区域旅游发展趋向于可持续发展阶段的基础。最后从基础设施、旅游社会经济地位、旅游-经济-环境协调发展、城市旅游合作等方面提出了相应建议。     

Artificial surf reefs: A preliminary assessment of the potential to enhance a coastal economy

Artificial surfing reefs (ASRs) are a new breed of coastal engineering structures claimed to enhance local biodiversity, provide coastal protection and improve wave quality for surfing. By providing multiple functions ASRs are often expected to contribute positively to the local economy, especially through tourism related to surfing and other water sports or beach uses. However, there is a lack of independent studies to support this expectation. This study investigates the claims that an ASR will enhance a coastal economy through tourism. Using Boscombe ASR, UK as a case study a preliminary evaluation of visitor expenditure is conducted. Using targeted face-to-face questionnaires we gathered data from 523 seafront visitors over a 32 month period. Results show that the ASR initially acted as a tourist attraction after which the novelty wore off. However, the positive impacts of the seafront regeneration scheme on the local economy are longer lasting. Contrary to the original claims that the Boscombe ASR would attract an affluent surf market, surfers and water users interviewed in this study are low spenders and rarely stayed overnight in Boscombe. Although it has been demonstrated that the expenditure of surfers is not as high as expected, more affluent non-surfer visitors have been attracted by the marketing associated with the new surfing resort. The results of this study have led to the following recommendations with respect to the establishment of artificial surf reefs: a period of stakeholder consultation with surf community and local community is required to determine whether an ASR is desirable; robust impact assessments of the reef must be carried out by independent parties before a marine licence is granted; expectations of the community must be managed through honest marketing and careful media coverage; planning must include a contingency for the cost of maintenance, repair and even removal if the structure fails to deliver; and further research is required to determine the full social and economic potential of artificial surf reefs.     

Tourism and Land Transformation:A Case Study of the Li River Basin,Guilin,China

Land-use change is intertwined with tourism because land is used as a resource for human activities.Land-use change also provides an opportunity to evaluate the status of the ecoenvironment.Understanding the relationship between tourism and land use change would help to predict the effect of tourism on land use and encourage sustainable tourism development.Using the Li River Basin as a case study,a hybrid approach using multilevel modeling and logistic regressions was employed to analyze the distribution of land-usechange between 1989 and 2010 to examine potential driving factors.Results reveal that rapid tourism development and construction expansion expose this area to risk of deforestation and forest degradation.Construction increased by 141% between 1989 and 2000 and by 195% between 2000 and 2010.The primary driving force for construction expansion shifted from population growth between 1989 and 2000 to investment growth after 2000.New construction primarily occurred on crop and woodlands areas,with shares of 81.25% and 6.38%,respectively,between 1989 and 2000,and with shares of 57.79% and 15.29%,respectively,between 2000 and 2010.Moreover,these drastic increases in construction also led to frequent transitions between croplands,woodlands,and grasslands.Traits including distances to urban areas and roads and scenic locations exerted significant effects on land-use change.Woodland regrowth in the areas thatsurround scenic locations consisted of fluctuating woodlands,whereas stable woodland regrowth was often absent in these areas.Likewise,permanent woodland clearing tended to be closed to near scenic locations.That is,construction at scenic locations negatively affected forest conservation in the Li River Basin.