全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6112篇 |
免费 | 915篇 |
国内免费 | 1109篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 424篇 |
大气科学 | 804篇 |
地球物理 | 749篇 |
地质学 | 2481篇 |
海洋学 | 1238篇 |
天文学 | 55篇 |
综合类 | 401篇 |
自然地理 | 1984篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 42篇 |
2023年 | 130篇 |
2022年 | 273篇 |
2021年 | 273篇 |
2020年 | 280篇 |
2019年 | 330篇 |
2018年 | 249篇 |
2017年 | 268篇 |
2016年 | 252篇 |
2015年 | 210篇 |
2014年 | 353篇 |
2013年 | 397篇 |
2012年 | 351篇 |
2011年 | 309篇 |
2010年 | 291篇 |
2009年 | 312篇 |
2008年 | 333篇 |
2007年 | 378篇 |
2006年 | 427篇 |
2005年 | 350篇 |
2004年 | 324篇 |
2003年 | 277篇 |
2002年 | 302篇 |
2001年 | 272篇 |
2000年 | 205篇 |
1999年 | 173篇 |
1998年 | 162篇 |
1997年 | 134篇 |
1996年 | 108篇 |
1995年 | 90篇 |
1994年 | 64篇 |
1993年 | 50篇 |
1992年 | 47篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有8136条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
大气环境质量综合评价是一个城市环境质量考核的重要指标,改进的密切值法是其中一种切实可行的评价方法。通过对1991-2000年10年间广东省三大城市——广州、深圳和珠海的大气环境质量进行综合评价,发现20世纪末,大气环境质量最好的是珠海市,最差的是广州市。与广东省平均水平相比、三大城市中。广州市污染程度高于全省平均水平。从空气环境质量的变化趋势来看,自1997年开始,三大城市大气环境质量趋于好转,为新世纪城市空气环境质量改善提供了良好的基础。 相似文献
32.
Norboo Tsering 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):69-69
Background: Radiographic signs of Pneumoconiosis found in farming Ladakhi despite absences of mines and industries were believed to be due to exposure to frequent dust storms and domestic fire pollutions. Seasonal Koilonychia (spoon nail) occurring predominantly in farming women in absences of iron deficiency anaemia was thought to arise from exposure to water made alkaline by weathering of hornblende minerals. The relation of these health conditions to environmental geohydrochemistry is postulated as the source of irrigation water in the affected population originates from glaciers in trans-Himalaya range of sedimentary geology and steep landscape favouring flushing of silica/silicate containing silts. Methods and results: Survey in two central Ladakh villages revealed radiographic evidence of silicosis in all middle aged women and half in middle aged men. In a large-scale study of 3105 subjects aged over 30 years from three villages; 101 (22.5%) of the 449 radiographed showed signs of pneumoconiosis (ILO 1980 criteria) including eggshell calcification of hilar gland and progressive massive fibrosis. Indoor dust analyzed using Philips 400T electron microscope with energy dispersive analysis system attached showed SiO2 levels upto 53.27% with particle size of 0.5 to 5.0 microns and the concentration during cooking period in the worst affected area was 7.495 mg/m^3. Microscopy and histopathology from the subject was characteristic of pneumoconiosis. Analysis of the inorganic dust in the lung showed 40.2% muscovite, 37.3% quartz with the extracted dust wt 147.9 mg/gm of dry tissue. Prevalence of chronic cough with chronic phlegm and percentage of villagers with FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 65% rose with age. Of 70 subjects studied 19 women and 2 men had Koilonychia with incidence being highest in summer. Absence of seasonal Koilonychia in villages fed by water derived from northern mountain range glaciers with mainly igneous geology supports our hypothesis. 相似文献
33.
Yubin JI Chenfeng JI Xiang ZOU Huixin LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):186-186
To detect the excretion ratio of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) in mice feces by HPLC. The chromatogram column is C18-ODS, the mobile phase is Acetonitrile -H2O (45 : 55), the flow rate is 1mL/min. The detection wavelength is 254 nm, and the quantity is determined by outer mark method. The linear relationship of concentrations of TDI was shown well in the range of 1.2 mol/L-5.2 mol/L, and the recovery ratio was 96.48%, precision degree within the day was under 2.9% and in the day it was under 3.37%. This method was simple, convenient and viable. And the result showed that the excretive ratio of TDI in mice feces was distinctly increased with the dosage given by p.o, which proved that feces were the chief mode of archetypal excretion of TDI given by p.o. 相似文献
34.
Rama Mohan Kurakalva Narasimha Murthy Nyasavajhala Phani Homeshwari Mamidi Venkata Anjaiah Kanukuntla 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):202-203
A simple and rapid procedure to extract organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from sediments by means of microwave energy is proposed. Sediment samples were irradiated with microwaves in a closed vessel system while immersed in hexane-acetone (1 : 1, v/v). The sample extracts were cleaned up using solid phase extraction with Florisil as adsorbent. Pesticides were eluted with hexane-ethyl acetate (80 : 20, v/v) and determined by gas chromatographic separation with electron capture detection. Three oven programs were assayed with two different solvent mixtures in order to achieve adequate experimental conditions for the complete extraction of organochlorine pesticides from the matrix. Different variables such as the composition of extraction solvent, 相似文献
35.
36.
ABSTRACT. This study examines altitudinal residential segregation by race in 146 cities in the U.S. South. It begins by embedding the topic in recent theorizations of the social construction of nature, the geography of race, and environmental justice. Second, it focuses on how housing markets, particularly in the South, tend to segregate minorities in low‐lying, flood‐prone, and amenity‐poor segments of urban areas. It tests empirically the hypothesis that blacks are disproportionately concentrated in lower‐altitude areas using gis to correlate race and elevation by digital elevation‐model block group within each city in 1990 and 2000. The statistical results confirm the suspected trend. A map of coefficients indicates strong positive associations in cities in the interior South‐where the hypothesis is confirmed‐and an inverse relationship near the coast, where whites dominate higher‐valued coastal properties. Selected city case studies demonstrate these relationships connecting the broad dynamics of racial segregation to the particularities of individual places. 相似文献
37.
Canada's environmental farm plans: transatlantic perspectives on agri-environmental schemes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
GUY M ROBINSON 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):206-218
Evaluation of Ontario's Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) scheme, launched in 1993, provides an opportunity for comparisons with agri-environmental measures instituted in the European Union and other parts of North America. The EFP has a strong 'bottom-up' dimension in that it is farmers' organizations that have been central both to the scheme's instigation and to its ongoing management. This has affected the nature of the actions taken by individual farmers participating in the scheme. These actions are reviewed, especially in terms of the participants' attitudes towards stewardship of the land, environmental outcomes, cross-compliance measures, barriers to participation and the role of statutory regulation. Some contrasts are drawn with the greater 'top-down' controls exerted in several EU agri-environment schemes, with the latter's promotion of extensification and the changing role of farmers as 'producers of countryside' in a multi-functional agricultural system. The diffusion of EFP schemes throughout Canada is noted and is cited as confirming the maintenance of fundamentally different attitudes to the development of farm-based environmental actions compared with those adopted in the EU. 相似文献
38.
A general tomographic technique is designed in order (i) to operate in anisotropic media; (ii) to account for the uneven seismic sampling and (iii) to handle massive data sets in a reasonable computing time. One modus operandi to compute a 3-D body wave velocity model relies on surface wave phase velocity measurements. An intermediate step, shared by other approaches, consists in translating, for each period of a given mode branch, the phase velocities integrated along ray paths into local velocity perturbations. To this end, we develop a method, which accounts for the azimuthal anisotropy in its comprehensive form. The weakly non-linear forward problem allows to use a conjugate gradient optimization. The Earth's surface is regularly discretized and the partial derivatives are assigned to the individual grid points. Possible lack of lateral resolution, due to the inescapable uneven ray path coverage, is taken into account through the a priori covariances on parameters with laterally variable correlation lengths. This method allows to efficiently separate the 2ψ and the 4ψ anisotropic effects from the isotropic perturbations. Fundamental mode and overtone phase velocity maps, derived with real Rayleigh wave data sets, are presented and compared with previous maps. The isotropic models concur well with the results of Trampert & Woodhouse. Large 4ψ heterogeneities are located in the tectonically active regions and over the continental lithospheres such as North America, Antarctica or Australia. At various periods, a significant 4ψ signature is correlated with the Hawaii hotspot track. Finally, concurring with the conclusions of Trampert & Woodhouse, our phase velocity maps show that Rayleigh wave data sets do need both 2ψ and 4ψ anisotropic terms. 相似文献
39.
油页岩综合利用对周围环境的影响——以抚顺矿区为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
世界能源日益减少的局面为油页岩的开发应用带来广阔的前景,但油页岩工业所带来的环境影响亦不容忽视。以抚顺油页岩为例,从油页岩综合利用和油页岩工业对环境的影响等方面系统讨论了在我国发展油页岩工业时,如何本着节约能源、保护环境、实现可持续发展的观念,利用现有先进技术,科学发展油页岩工业,降低生产过程中的固、液、气污染物对环境的危害。 相似文献
40.
本文论述了2002年运城市地下水超采状况及其引起的环境地质等一系列问题.并遵循可持续发展的思想,提出了地下水资源保护的几点意见. 相似文献