草鱼种质退化相关SRAP分子标记的筛选

采用相关序列扩增多态性（sequence-reared amplified polymorphism，SRAP）技术分析野生草鱼和家养草鱼，并筛选与草鱼种质退化相关的分子遗传标记。共进行88对引物组合的检测，产生标记数目共计905个。依据标记在群体中出现的频率和变化规律，共筛选出21个可能与种质相关的特异性标记，对这些特异性标记进行测序并将测序结果进行BLAST分析，发现测得片段中有8个片段能在GeneBank中找到同源性较高的序列，而其他片段与数据库中序列的相似性较低。     

A NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT STUDY ON THE FORMING MECHANISMS OF LOW-LATITUDE CIRCULATION CELLS AND PRECIPITATION DURING AN EAST ASIAN COLD SURGE

The forming mechanisms of low-latitude circulation cells and precipitation during an East Asian cold surge have been studied by using a five-layer primitive equation model.Numerical experiments show that in mid-high latitudes,the propagation of the East Asian winter monsoon is nearly a dry process;in low-latitudes,the effects of cumulus convection intensify the northeast monsoon and northeast trade wind;however,they also prevent the intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ) from further southward invasion,and strengthen the meridional and zonal cells over East Asia. Numerical results also indicate that the winter monsoon precipitation in Indonesia and Northern Australia can exist independently.Both the South China Sea(SCS) cold surge and the West Pacific northeast cross-equatorial trade wind are of importance for the formation of the Northern Australia summer monsoon and its precipitation.Numerical results show that the development of cumulus convection,triggered by the SCS cold surge,is a crucial factor in forming the heavy monsoon precipitation and low-level stationary disturbances in Indonesia and Borneo.The tropical topography and northeast trade wind disturbances only affect the intensity of precipitation there.     

Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of a planktonic diatom assemblage including viable cells on the bottom in matsushima bay,northeastern japan

Seasonal variation in abundance and species composition of a planktonic diatom assemblage distributed in the water column and also settled on the bottom was investigated for the shallow coastal water in Matsushima Bay on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan during the period from October 1999 to September 2000. A spring bloom of diatoms began in April when nutrient concentrations started to increase, indicating the importance of nutrients. Viable cells of Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira spp., which were the dominant species in the water column throughout the year, were also always abundant in the bottom sediment. Both populations in the water column and on the bottom fluctuated essentially in parallel. For the planktonic diatoms in shallow coastal waters to maintain their vegetative populations in the water column, it would be advantageous for them to have a seeding population of viable cells on the bottom that are easily resuspended into the upper photic layer.     

Study of the Interaction between Biological Cells of Different Shapes and Sizes and Electromagnetic Fields Produced by Natural Phenomena

We carry out a study of the interaction between electromagnetic fields produced innature and cells with no structure but with different shapes and sizes, considered asapproximations of those observed in the human body. Magnetic fields produced byvarious atmospheric and geomagnetic phenomena are compared with the fieldsgenerated by the cells themselves. Working with frequencies up to 10⁵ Hz, we found that in most cases lightning is the natural phenomena capable of producingfield intensities comparable to those generated by the cells. As a first approximationwe assume that a cell might be affected only if a field of intensity comparable to thecell's field is present. Oscillating fields of less intensity and their harmonics can involveresonant interactions with the cells, however this situation is not considered here. Under the approximation of our study we found that the size and the shape are parameters of paramount importance: lightning represents a natural hazard only for the largest cells, while the quadrangular cells are not affected by any of the natural phenomena considered here.     

Hydrogen from coal: Production and utilisation technologies

Although coal may be viewed as a dirty fuel due to its high greenhouse emissions when combusted, a strong case can be made for coal to be a major world source of clean H₂ energy. Apart from the fact that resources of coal will outlast oil and natural gas by centuries, there is a shift towards developing environmentally benign coal technologies, which can lead to high energy conversion efficiencies and low air pollution emissions as compared to conventional coal fired power generation plant. There are currently several world research and industrial development projects in the areas of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) and Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) systems. In such systems, there is a need to integrate complex unit operations including gasifiers, gas separation and cleaning units, water gas shift reactors, turbines, heat exchangers, steam generators and fuel cells. IGFC systems tested in the USA, Europe and Japan employing gasifiers (Texaco, Lurgi and Eagle) and fuel cells have resulted in energy conversions at efficiency of 47.5% (HHV) which is much higher than the 30–35% efficiency of conventional coal fired power generation. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) are the front runners in energy production from coal gases. These fuel cells can operate at high temperatures and are robust to gas poisoning impurities. IGCC and IGFC technologies are expensive and currently economically uncompetitive as compared to established and mature power generation technology. However, further efficiency and technology improvements coupled with world pressures on limitation of greenhouse gases and other gaseous pollutants could make IGCC/IGFC technically and economically viable for hydrogen production and utilisation in clean and environmentally benign energy systems.     

Enviromental genotoxicity evaluation: Bayesian approach for a mixture statistical model

 The data analyzed in this paper are part of the results described in Bueno et al. (2000). Three cytogenetics endpoints were analyzed in three populations of a species of wild rodent – Akodon montensis – living in an industrial, an agricultural, and a preservation area at the Itajaí Valley, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The polychromatic/normochromatic ratio, the mitotic index, and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocites were used in an attempt to establish a genotoxic profile of each area. It was assumed that the three populations were in the same conditions with respect to the influence of confounding factors such as animal age, health, nutrition status, presence of pathogens, and intra- and inter-populational genetic variability. Therefore, any differences found in the endpoints analyzed could be attributed to the external agents present in each area. The statistical models used in this paper are mixtures of negative-binomials and Poisson variables. The Poisson variables are used as approximations of binomials for rare events. The mixing distributions are beta densities. The statistical analyzes are under the bayesian perspective, as opposed to the frequentist ones often considered in the literature, as for instance in Bueno et al. (2000).     

文蛤多肽体外对人肺癌A549细胞的抑制作用

我们已从文蛤肉中提取得到1种具有抗癌活性的多肽,命名为Mer2．本文报道Mer2对体外培养的肺癌A549细胞的生物学效应．采用溴化二苯偶氮盐（MTT）法检测Mer2对肺癌A549细胞的抑制效果,并应用细胞形态观察法、Hoechst荧光染色和流式细胞术等方法,探讨了Mer2对细胞形态、细胞周期的影响．结果表明,Mer2对体外培养的肺癌A549细胞的生长有较强的抑制作用,对作用含量和时间均具有一定的依赖性．Met2使细胞形态发生明显变化,明显地出现凋亡峰,但并没有出现明显细胞周期阻滞现象．这表明文蛤多肽可能通过诱导细胞凋亡从而抑制癌细胞的生长．     

圆紫菜人工色素突变体的诱导与分离

为获得圆紫菜人工色素突变体,本文使用一定剂量的紫外线辐照其叶状体,培养数天后,在叶状体上出现了少量颜色变异细胞,它们呈斑点状无规则地分布在野生型细胞中间。再培养2~3周,这些色素变异细胞分裂形成了不同颜色的细胞块,其颜色呈浅绿黄、橄榄色、草绿、绿褐、黄褐、浅褐、深紫红和浅紫红色等。在辐照强度0~80 μW/cm2范围内,叶状体上色素变异细胞块出现的频率随辐照强度的增加而增加,但增加至80 μW/cm2以上时,随着辐照强度的增加,色素变异细胞块出现的频率反而下降,这表明80 μW/cm2为有效的辐照强度。将色素变异细胞块切下,置入充气瓶内充气培养,待其释放出单孢子,随后从单孢子萌发体中挑选出了黄褐、橄榄色、红色、褐红等纯色的突变体,并利用叶状体单性生殖分别获得它们的遗传纯合丝状体（品系）。各突变品系的F₁叶状体与各自母体的颜色一样,说明其颜色是可稳定遗传的。与野生型品系相比,各色素突变品系的F₁叶状体的生长速度、活体吸收光谱、3种主要光合色素和色素蛋白的含量及它们相互间的比值均发生了明显改变。     

Microscopic structures of Japanese lamprey peripheral blood cells and culture of lymphocyte-like cells in vitro

以日本七鳃鳗（Lampetrajaponica）为研究对象,观察其外周血细胞显微结构和探讨类淋巴细胞原代培养条件。采用Wright氏和Giemsa氏染色法对日本七鳃鳗外周血液有形成分进行显微观察,可鉴别出红细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞：未发现嗜碱性粒细胞。通过Ficoll密度梯度离心法和流式细胞仪分选获得高纯度的七鳃鳗类淋巴细胞。经条件优化后确定最适培养液L15＋20％FBS（5％七鳃鳗血清）＋0．46％NaCl,在18℃,pH6．8～7．0的条件下对日本七鳃鳗类淋巴细胞进行体外培养,大多数类淋巴细胞半贴壁生长,细胞状态较好,最长可以存活近一个月。类淋巴细胞的原代培养为日本七鳃鳗细胞体外培养的深入研究提供了实验依据。     

不同盐度下鲈鱼稚鱼鳃的显微结构观察

采用石蜡切片和显微摄影技术,研究了不同盐度下鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)稚鱼鳃的显微结构.结果显示,在15.00盐度组,稚鱼鳃的鳃丝和鳃小片上泌氯细胞数量较多,泌氯细胞集中分布在鳃小片基部,且黏液细胞较多.与15.00盐度组和淡水组相比,7.50盐度组稚鱼鳃的鳃小片较窄,泌氯细胞的分布、结构及数量变化均不明显.在0.00盐度组,稚鱼鳃中鳃小片较宽,排列紧密,泌氯细胞数量较少,且主要分布在近鳃小片基部.鲈鱼稚鱼鳃的结构能够适应外界水体盐度的变化,其中泌氯细胞的结构和数量变化是与鲈鱼稚鱼所处的环境相适应的.