切缝药包在定向断裂爆破中的应用研究

对切缝药包用于岩石定向断裂爆破进行了一定的研究,对相关爆破参数进行了设计,并利用模型试验进行验证,实验结果表明切缝药包的定向断裂控制效果好。现场试验也表明该法是一种比较理想的断裂控制爆破技术。最后指明该技术有待进一步研究的方向。     

Mercury enrichments in core sediments in Hugli–Matla–Bidyadhari estuarine complex,north-eastern part of the Bay of Bengal and their ecotoxicological significance

Mercury concentrations (Hg_T) in fine-grained fraction (<63 μm) of core sediments of the Hugli–Matla–Bidyadhari estuarine complex, India were analyzed. Results revealed a wide range of spatial variations (<4–93 ng g⁻¹ dry weight) with a definite enhancement level at the lower stretch of the estuarine complex infested with mangrove plants, which might act as a sink to Hg_T. An elevated concentration of Hg was encountered in surface/subsurface layer of the core in majority of the cases resulting from physical, biogenic and postdepositional diagenetic processes that remobilized and resuspended the metal from deeper sediments. A strong positive correlation was observed between the Hg and clay fraction content of the sediments, while the correlations of Hg with Al, Fe and Mn were poor. Based on the index of geoaccumulation (I _geo) and effects range-low (ER-L) value, it is considered that the sediments are less polluted and thus there is less chance of ecotoxicological risk to organisms living in sediments.     

宜万铁路野三关隧道“8.5”突水事故成因分析

2007年8月5日宜(昌)万(州)铁路野三关隧道发生了重大的岩溶突水事故.在岩溶水文地质调查的基础上,对野三关隧道所处流域两个主要岩溶洼地以NaCl为示踪剂进行了充水水源和充水途径的示踪试验.两次示踪试验结果查明水洞坪岩溶洼地是"8.5"突水事故的主要水源,茅口组灰岩中发育的周家包暗河被F18断裂切割,将暗河水导入隧道形成突水事故.稻子坪的水在隧道突水段西以渗-涌水的形式进入隧道.水洞坪示踪实验得出二叠系栖霞-茅口组岩溶含水层中的地下水流速为50 m/h.稻子坪示踪试验得到茅口组灰岩含水层中的地下水流速为45.5 m/h;大冶组灰岩含水层中的地下水流速为10.8 m/h.本示踪结果为宜万铁路野三关隧道的后期恢复施工和防渗工作提供了依据,并为岩溶地区深埋隧道的设计和施工提供了试验和分析工作的实例参考.     

Applications of Engineering Seismology for Site Characterization

We determined the seismic model of the soil column within a residential project site in Istanbul, Turkey. Specifically, we conducted a refraction seismic survey at 20 locations using a receiver spread with 484.5-Hz vertical geophones at 2-m intervals. We applied nonlinear tomography to first-arrival times to estimate the P-wave velocity-depth profiles and performed Rayleigh-wave inversion to estimate the S-wave velocity-depth profiles down to a depth of 30 m at each of the locations. We then combined the seismic velocities with the geotechnical borehole information regarding the lithology of the soil column and determined the site-specific geotechnical earthquake engineering parameters for the site. Specifically, we computed the maximum soil amplification ratio, maximum surface-bedrock acceleration ratio, depth interval of significant acceleration, maximum soil-rock response ratio, and design spectrum periods TA-TB. We conducted reflection seismic surveys along five line traverses with lengths between 150 and 300 m and delineated landslide failure surfaces within the site. We recorded shot gathers at 2-m intervals along each of the seismic line traverses using a receiver spread with 4 840-Hz vertical geophones at 2-m intervals. We applied nonlinear tomograpby to first-arrival times to estimate a P-wave velocity-depth model and analyzed the reflected waves to obtain a seismic image of the deep near-surface along each of the line traverses.     

1960~2011年中国日降水集中程度的时空变化特征

利用1960~2011 年的日降水资料,计算降水集中指数（Concentration Index,CI）,分析中国区域降水集中程度的空间分布及时间变化特征,得到以下主要结论：CI 指数可有效描述我国日降水集中程度;我国CI 指数介于0.575 与0.750 之间,平均为0.652,总体呈现出东部大、西部小,夏季大、冬季小的特征;44.17%站点的CI 指数表现出增加趋势,55.83%的站点表现出减少趋势,其中10.36%站点的变化趋势通过95%信度水平的显著性检验,CI 指数显著增大的站点主要分布在西北、华中和西南地区,显著减小的站点主要分布在东北、华北、东南沿海及青藏高原东部等地区;3~5 年是各子区域CI 指数变化的主要周期,与对应区域降水量的变化周期较一致;1970 年左右和2000 年左右是显著周期性变化出现较集中的时间段。     

采油平台淘空防护措施的试验研究

通过室内试验,研究了采油平台的冲淘机理和防护措施,对仿生海底、仿生林、抛石块、抛石子袋等防冲淘措施进行了方案设计和试验,完成了导管架式、桶形基础式、沉垫式3种采油平台的冲淘及防护措施试验研究,提出和完善了多层次抛石防护技术,并将研究成果成功应用于海上防护工程.提出的研究思路以及得到的研究成果,对解决胜利油田海区粉土地基的防冲淘难题具有重要指导意义.     

日照帆船港工程泥沙运移物模试验研究

通过动床波浪输沙模型试验,研究了日照帆船港3种设计方案的泥沙运移情况.通过分析试验结果,预报了常浪和大浪作用下工程区的冲淤分布.结果表明,日照帆船港工程的建设不会对邻近海岸产生大的影响,航道和港池均不会出现大的淤积.但是,为防止堤脚冲刷,应在挡沙坝堤脚处设置护脚结构.     

单元畸变对动力有限元方法计算精度的影响

在有限元分析中,由于求解区域或边界的不规则,有限单元的划分会产生畸变单元。本文通过数值试验分析了有限单元畸变对动力有限元计算精度的影响,结果表明:长宽比畸变对动力有限元计算精度没有影响;当斜交角不小于30°时,斜交角对动力有限元计算精度的影响可忽略;锥度对动力有限元计算精度有影响,锥度越大,锥度对动力有限元计算精度的影响越大。     

高压喷射注浆技术在白龟山水库顺河坝防渗墙围井试验中的应用

本次围井高喷试验,选用三重管摆喷法处理方案,施工采用两序施工方法.砼墙体连续均匀,孔与孔之间连接较好,其防渗、强度、厚度均能满足设计要求.     

Stability Study of a Tide Embankment Subjected to Sea Level Variations Using Centrifugal Model Tests

To investigate the behavior of dredged-sea-sand fill compacted inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat, centrifugal model tests and numerical simulation were conducted, both considering variations in sea level. The results from the three centrifugal model tests demonstrate that the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat was strongly affected by the loss of dredged-sea-sand into the filter layers with large particles and a decrease in the bearing capacity of the filter layers with small particles. In addition, a comparison of the test and simulation results confirms that the loss of sand into the filter layer and the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill were well reproduced by the numerical simulation.