Popperian geophysics and tunnelling algorithm

Parasnis has observed in a presidential address that geophysics is not a Popperian science in a major way. That is, hypotheses are not consciously put forth in a falsifiable format and much of the effort goes in seeking supporting evidence for favoured hypotheses. Parker evolved a parameter extremization strategy, initially to tackle the problem of non-uniqueness in geophysical inference. Later he based a hypothesis testing proposal on it, which is refreshingly Popperian. It has not been adopted widely, partly because it requires global extrema, and not local and this has been regarded as a problem with no solution. Attention is drawn towards tunnelling algorithm, which solves the problem of global optimization successfully, makes Parker’s Popperian proposal practical and extends the range of Popperian geophysics.     

南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡的地球物理场特征与构造发育史

本文分析了“海洋四号”船１９９１年在南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡所采集的地球物理资料。这里的地形地貌、重力异常和磁异常沿东方向呈条带状分布。海峡中的新生代沉积可分为两组沉积系：第一张裂沉积系和第二张裂沉积系。在布兰斯菲尔德海峡西北部,基底发生了断裂,基底断块沿断面下滑,因而在海峡中部形成基底半地堑。通过横穿南设得兰群岛、布兰斯菲尔德海峡和南极半岛的地壳剖面,我们用分层剪切模式解释了在张性应力作用下的岩石圈变形特征。     

电法在山区找水中的应用

利用电阻率联合剖面法和激电测深法,通过改变电极距、再根据物探综合参数确定地层岩性、破碎带及赋水层产状,依此确定井位和井深,取得良好找水效果。     

土质边坡失稳的电阻率响应特征

利用边界积分方程法对土质边坡失稳地球物理模型的视电阻率进行了系统数值计算，研究了土质边坡失稳的电阻率响应特征，揭示了边坡从稳定一失稳演化过程的电阻率变化规律，从而实现了边坡失稳的电阻率响应特征的提取。这些特征信息的获得为利用电法勘探方法探测土质边坡失稳的滑动面或结构面位置提供了依据，同时为实时观测，预测预报土质边坡失稳提供了理论支撑。     

综合地球物理测井在铁路隧道勘查中的应用

综合地球物理测井通过测量钻孔中地层岩石物理性质的变化,从而获得地层丰富的物性和位场信息。这里阐述了某铁路隧道钻孔的综合地球物理测井勘查效果,该方法已经成为一种行之有效的水文和工程地质勘查手段。     

深部地热勘查方法在北京地区应用的探讨

以北京地区深部地热勘查为例,对现有的一些地热勘查物探方法认真客观地加以总结,对所谓的新方法的应用效果加以评价,提出了适合不同地质构造背景的几种综合物探方法组合及合理的地热勘查程序建议,可供实际勘查工作中参考借鉴.     

综合地球物理方法在冀东铁矿采空区勘查中的应用

应用高精度磁法、电阻率剖面法、激发化法等常规地球物理勘查方法对冀东地区太古宙沉积变质铁矿采空区进行综合研究，建立冀东铁矿采空区有效的地球物理勘查组合模型，总结不同地质环境条件下各种地球物理勘查方法在冀东铁矿采空区勘探中的适用性和有效性。     

物探技术在工程勘察领域中的应用

该文概述了在一些典型工程勘察项目中应用物探方法的技术、组合、作用、成果及认识。     

Self-organizing maps for geoscientific data analysis: geological interpretation of multidimensional geophysical data

Data interpretation is a common task in geoscientific disciplines. Interpretation difficulties occur especially if the data that have to be interpreted are of arbitrary dimension. This paper describes the application of a statistical method, called self-organizing mapping (SOM), to interpret multidimensional, non-linear, and highly noised geophysical data for purposes of geological prediction. The underlying theory is explained, and the method is applied to a six-dimensional seismic data set. Results of SOM classifications can be represented as two-dimensional images, called feature maps. Feature maps illustrate the complexity and demonstrate interrelations between single features or clusters of the complete feature space. SOM images can be visually described and easily interpreted. The advantage is that the SOM method considers interdependencies between all geophysical features at each instance. An application example of an automated geological interpretation based on the geophysical data is shown.