VTI介质转换波速度分析方法研究及应用

速度分析是转换波处理的核心问题之一,采用单平方根方程对具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性(VTI)介质进行速度分析,使得转换波的处理不依赖于纵波的数据,既简化了转换波处理流程,又消除了由于纵波处理不精确所带来的传递误差。通过理论分析和数值计算,总结并设计了一套求取VTI介质转换波动校正参数的方法和处理流程,总结出了采用双参数扫描法获得较高分辨率和精度所需满足的必要条件。通过批处理和交互结合的方式对实际资料进行处理,取得了较好的处理效果,证明了该方法及软件的正确性。     

Angstrom公式参数对ET0的影响及FAO建议值适用性评价

作为计算太阳总辐射(R_s)的主要公式,Angstrom公式参数(a、b)的合理取值是计算参照腾发量(ET₀)的重要前提。针对FAO所提出的a、b建议值(a=0.25、b=0.5)在中国无辐射观测资料地区被大量使用,而其合理性尚未得到系统评价的情况,基于中国104个地面站的观测数据,在逐月时间尺度上,讨论了a、b变化对ET₀的影响,分析了a、b的地区分布规律,评价了FAO建议值所导致的ET₀计算误差,进而阐明了该建议值在中国7个区域的适用性。提出了无辐射资料情况下a、b的地区综合取值方法。主要研究结论是:①参数a、b偏差对ET₀的计算有重要影响,在中国无资料地区采用FAO建议值将导致较大的太阳总辐射(R_s)和ET₀计算误差。②大多数站点,a的率定值较FAO建议值明显偏小,而b的率定值明显偏大。新疆地区和华南地区a、b率定值分布比较集中,而在其它区域比较分散。③FAO建议参数值在东北、西北和新疆3个区域计算ET₀的适用性较好,而在西南和华南两个区域的适用性很差,计算的ET₀偏高较大。④提出的地区综合取值方法,能使R_s和ET₀的计算精度较FAO建议值显著提高。     

松辽盆地白垩系火山岩储层岩石物理声学特性分析

采集松辽盆地徐家围子地区9口探井57块营城组火山岩石样品,在模拟实际地层温度、压力条件下进行岩石物理参数测试,以期逐步实现火山岩储层流体的地球物理直接识别。采用超声脉冲透射法测定岩样的声学参数(纵波速度和横波速度),进行了不同流体状态下岩样的岩石物理参数特征分析。结果表明,在双参数域空间,特别是在体性-剪性双参数空间,火山岩含气储层与含水储层较易区分。     

运用H、O同位素资料分析地下热水的补给来源——以鲁西北阳谷-齐河凸起为例

通过对阳谷-齐河凸起地下热水的化学成分、同位素及其地热地质条件的分析,对这一地区的地下热水的补给来源进行了研究。本区地下热水的δD为-65‰～-80.67‰,δ18O为-9.2‰～-10.2‰,均分布在全球雨水线的附近,说明该区地下热水主要为大气降水成因。济南北地热田地下热水的补给高程为256m,此范围大致相当于济南南部山区及其以南的泰山北麓;聊城东地热田地下热水的补给高程为411m,此范围大致相当于泰山山脉及其周边的中山区。聊城东地热田地下热水的2H过量参数d明显低于济南北地热田,说明聊城东地热田地下热水的补给区比后者更远。     

A fast inversion method for ocean parameters based on dispersion curves with a single hydrophone

The dispersion characteristics of shallow water can be described by the dispersion curves, which contain substantial ocean parameter information. A fast ocean parameter inversion method based on dispersion curves with a single hydrophone is presented in this paper. The method is achieved through Bayesian theory. Several sets of dispersion curves extracted from measured data are used as the input function. The inversion is performed by matching a replica calculated with a dispersion formula. The bottom characteristics can be described by the bottom reflection phase shift parameter P. The propagation range and the depth can be inverted quickly when the seabed parameters are represented by on parameter P. The inversion results improve the inversion efficiency of the seabed parameters. Consequently, the inversion efficiency and accuracy are improved while the number of inversion parameters is decreased and the computational speed of replica is increased. The inversion results have lower error than the reference values, and the dispersion curves calculated with inversion parameters are also in good agreement with extracted curves from measured data; thus, the effectiveness of the inversion method is demonstrated.     

重力模型参数空间差异研究——以中国城市间铁路客流为例

重力模型是重要的空间相互作用模型,已经在相关研究和实践中得到了广泛应用.在重力模型应用中,结果对参数的敏感性较高,不同的参数设置就可能导致结果体系的巨大差异,故精确的参数是重力模型应用的基础.许多研究关注了重力模型参数的提取,但限于数据等因素,参数在空间上的差异性尚未得到充分的重视.本文采用2010年城市间铁路客运量作为城市间相互作用强度的反映,以城市市辖区居民总可支配收入作为城市的“质量”,刻画城市本身的吸引力,进而通过回归分析考察重力模型的参数结果;并结合地理信息系统的空间插值工具,分析重力模型中各个参数的空间差异并得到可视化结果.相比于既有研究,本文在变量选取中增加了城市间列车交流频次这一变量,与平均运行时间结合共同反映城市之间的“距离”,使模型拟合结果得到较大改进.结果表明,重力模型参数取值在空间上存在显著差异,对不同区域使用统一的重力模型参数可能使结果出现较大偏差,因此将重力模型应用到具体实践中时,不能忽略参数的空间异质性.     

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A rational approach to seepage flow effects on bottom friction beneath random waves

The bottom friction beneath random waves is predicted taking into account the effect of seepage flow. This is achieved by using wave friction factors for rough turbulent, smooth turbulent and laminar flow valid for regular waves together with a modified Shields parameter which includes the effect of seepage flow. Examples using data typical to field conditions are included to illustrate the approach. The analytical results can be used to make assessment of seepage effects on the bottom friction based on available wave statistics. Generally, it is recommended that a stochastic approach should be used rather than using the rms values in an otherwise deterministic approach.     

Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.     

类多变量输出误差系统的耦合多新息辨识方法

辅助模型辨识思想、多新息辨识理论、耦合辨识概念是研究复杂多变量系统辨识的新理念和原理.将它们结合起来研究类多变量输出误差系统的辨识问题,提出了多元辅助模型辨识方法、多元辅助模型多新息辨识方法、变递推间隔多元辅助模型多新息辨识方法.为减小算法的计算量和提高参数估计精度,将系统模型分解为一些子辨识模型,应用辅助模型辨识思想、多新息辨识理论、耦合辨识概念,研究和推导了部分耦合辅助模型辨识方法、部分耦合辅助模型多新息辨识方法.讨论了几个典型辨识算法的计算量,给出了参数估计的计算步骤和计算流程图.