Robust source localization in shallow water based on vector optimization

Owing to the multipath effect, the source localization in shallow water has been an area of active interest. However, most methods for source localization in shallow water are sensitive to the assumed model of the underwater environment and have poor robustness against the underwater channel uncertainty, which limit their further application in practical engineering. In this paper, a new method of source localization in shallow water, based on vector optimization concept, is described, which is highly robust against environmental factors affecting the localization, such as the channel depth, the bottom reflection coefficients, and so on. Through constructing the uncertainty set of the source vector errors and extracting the multi-path sound rays from the sea surface and bottom, the proposed method can accurately localize one or more sources in shallow water dominated by multipath propagation. It turns out that the natural formulation of our approach involves minimization of two quadratic functions subject to infinitely many nonconvex quadratic constraints. It shows that this problem (originally intractable) can be reformulated in a convex form as the so-called second-order cone program (SOCP) and solved efficiently by using the well-established interior point method, such as the software tool, SeDuMi. Computer simulations show better performance of the proposed method as compared with existing algorithms and establish a theoretical foundation for the practical engineering application.     

Evidence of deep genetic divergence between populations of an important recreational fishery species,Lichia amia L. 1758, around southern Africa

Lichia amia is an important coastal recreational fishery species with a cosmopolitan distribution in the eastern Atlantic. In southern Africa, it is distributed from southern Angola to northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. A recent biological survey revealed differences between Angolan and South African individuals suggesting that they may represent separate stocks. As fishery management decisions should be based on accurate knowledge of population structure, an initial survey of the genetic substructuring of L. amia was conducted on samples collected in southern Angola and South Africa. Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure was conducted using a fragment of the mitochondrial Control Region. Obtained genetic diversity levels were within the expected range for marine teleosts (h = 0.867, π = 0.007), and two deeply divergent (southern Angolan and South African) populations were identified (average φ _ST = 0.78) across the Benguela Current system. These results suggest that Angolan and South African L. amia should be managed as two independent stocks. This work represents the first assessment of population genetic substructuring across the Benguela Current of a valuable coastal fishery resource, and has application for future fisheries management.     

多参数测井地层划分的遗传最优分割法及其在济阳坳陷中生界中的应用

将遗传算法、Fisher最优分割和边缘检测算法相结合, 设计了一种适用于多参数测井地层划分的遗传最优分割算法.该算法以测井测点号为基因, 以有序测点号组为染色体, 由测点的边缘隶属度和段间/段内离差总和的比值共同构成综合优化指标(适应度), 采用锦标赛选择机制, 通过MonteCarlo抽样进行交叉(通过两两染色体比较设定抽样区间), 采用灾变变异和精英保持策略, 利用多参数测井数据求取最优化地层分界线.在济阳坳陷中生界地层划分中的实际应用, 表明该方法的自动分层结果符合地质实际, 且计算速度很快.该方法对于没有露头、岩心稀少、地震勘探分辨率低和地球物理测井数据量大情况下的深部隐伏地层划分有很好的适用性.      

基于Cauchy积分解法与遗传算法的随机位移反分析研究

针对位移反分析的正算计算量大和全局最优解遗失问题,提出正算过程采用平面弹性复变方法中的Cauchy积分解法,优化方法选用遗传算法的随机位移反分析方法,并研究了位移观测噪声对识别结果的影响规律。实例应用表明,所提出的方法从根本解决了采用优化技术进行位移反分析的求解效率问题,具有较好的容错性能和全局搜索性能,且能够反映地应力场和实际岩体的不确定性。     

进化-最小二乘支持向量机的边坡稳定性估计

针对最小二乘支持向量机的参数选择问题,用遗传算法来搜索最小二乘支持向量机的相关参数,避免了人工搜索参数的盲目性,提高了模型的推广性能。根据大量的实际边坡工程数据,建立了基于进化-最小二乘支持向量机的边坡稳定性模型,并将其应用于估计丁家河磷矿自然边坡稳定状况。计算结果与工程实际情况一致,表明了该方法的有效性和合理性。     

基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器模型参数识别

磁流变阻尼器是一种具有广阔应用前途的半主动控制装置,但其复杂的力学特性很难精确描述。非线性参数模型是一个相对简单并且能够很好地描述磁流变阻尼器力学特性的力学模型,但该模型既是非线性的、又是非解析的,参数识别十分困难。结合传统遗传算法良好的全局搜索能力和二分法可靠的收敛性,本文提出了一种改进的遗传算法——层次压缩遗传算法。对非线性参数模型的参数识别结果显示：层次压缩遗传算法简单可行,具有较高的识别精度。同时也验证了非线性参数模型描述磁流变阻尼器阻尼力特性的准确性。     

隔震结构-设备组合体系的优化设计研究

对于放置有设备的功能性隔震结构,目前的设计方法忽略了结构与设备的动力相互作用,仅满足隔震结构的抗震要求,并不考虑设备的抗震性能.因此,本文给出一种隔震结构-设备组合体系的优化设计方法,考虑设备与隔震结构的相互作用和非比例阻尼影响,以设备和隔震结构同时满足抗震要求为目标函数,采用多种群遗传算法,对隔震结构-设备组合体系进...     

Bedload transport of small rivers in Malaysia

Numerous time-consuming equations, based on the relationship between the reliability and representativeness of the data utilized in defining variables and constants, require complex parameters to estimate bedload transport. In this study the easily accessible data including flow discharge, water depth, water surface slope, and surface grain diameter （ds0） from small rivers in Malaysia were used to estimate bedload transport. Genetic programming （GP） and artificial neural network （ANN） models are applied as complementary tools to estimate bed load transport based on a balance between simplicity and accuracy in small rivers. The developed models demonstrate higher performance with an overall accuracy of 97% and 93% for ANN and GP, respectively compared with other traditional methods and empirical equations.     

HIMU型洋岛玄武岩的地球化学特征

    洋岛玄武岩的元素和同位素地球化学特征可以示踪深部地幔的化学结构和化学演化过程。HIMU(Highμ,μ=238U/204Pbt=0) 型玄武岩是一类元素和同位素组成特殊的洋岛玄武岩,被认为与地幔柱中再循环的洋壳物质直接相关,因此,HIMU型玄 武岩的成因是地幔柱（热点） 研究中长期关注的话题。本文概述了HIMU型玄武岩的地球化学定义,对HIMU洋岛的分布、 火山演化阶段以及岩性变化做了综合阐述,并在对比经典HIMU型玄武岩与其他板内玄武岩元素地球化学特征、放射成因 同位素组成以及惰性气体同位素组成特征的基础上,简要探讨其源区组成和成因上的不同。     

Visualizing Patterns of Genetic Landscapes and Species Distribution of Taxus wallichiana (Taxaceae), Based on GIS and Ecological Niche Models

The Chinese yew (Taxus wallichiana), which is widely distributed in the Himalayas and in southern China, is now on the edge of extinction. In order to understand the evolutionary processes that control the current diversity within this species at the genetic and ecological levels, its genetic patterns and range dynamics must first be identified and mapped. This knowledge can then be applied in the development of an effective conservation strategy. Based on molecular data obtained from 48 populations of T. wallichiana, we used GIS-based interpolation approach for the explicit visualization of patterns of genetic divergence and diversity, and a number of potential evolutionary hotspots have been specifically identified within the genetic landscape maps. Within the maps of genetic divergence and diversity, five areas of high inter-population genetic divergence and six areas of high intra-population genetic diversity have been highlighted in a number of separate mountain regions, and these evolutionary hotspots should have the priority to be protected. Furthermore, four geographical barriers have been identified: the eastern Himalayas, the Yunnan Plateau, the Hengduan Mountains and the Taiwan Strait. According to ecological niche modeling (ENM), the populations of T. wallichiana within the Sino-Himalayan Forest floristic subkingdom experienced westward expansion from the periods of Last Inter-glacial to Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Following the LGM, the distribution range overall became reduced and fragmented. These findings challenge the classic mode of contraction-expansion in response to the last glaciation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the changes in geographical landscapes and climate that occurred during the Quaternary resulted in current genetic landscape patterns.