开封市古城址和古河道遥感考古试验研究

开封是七朝古都，在今开封市及其附近保存着众多的古城址，古河道，由于自然环境和技术条件限制，目前仍有一部分古城址，古河道难以揭示，文中尝试利用环境遥感寻找地下遗迹，试验证明，遥感技术可以在开封考古调查中发挥一定作用。     

县市分等方法及中国县市等第特征的分异规律

对行政区进行适当分类管理是提高行政管理效率的重要手段。县市分等是行政区分类管理的重要内容,也是“因地制宜”推进行政区划管理的直接体现,对于提升地方治理能力和治理水平、激发发展活力和释放发展动能具有重要意义。系统梳理中国县市统计数据,综合运用层次分析法、K均值聚类法等提出县市分等方法,并对县市等第特征的分异规律进行分析。结果显示：① 人口规模是影响县市分等的主要因素,其次是面积和地区生产总值,公共财政支出的影响相对较小。各等第县市数量大体呈梯形分布,高等第县市间差异较大,不同等第县市地域分布存在不均衡现象。② 县市分等管理在实践中具有可行性,按照人口、地理、经济、管理难度分等的方法具有合理性。③ 县市分等过程中,可以考虑采取分省份、按比例的方法对县市等第进行划分,对县市差异小、分等使用的单方面指标值较高县市相对集中,以及县市数量少的省份可以给予特殊安排。④ 在推进国家治理现代化背景下,县市分等的现实需求更加凸显,有助于新时期对不同县市分类施策,促进县市间良性竞争与协同发展。     

Redevelopment and Conservation in the Built Fabric of Post-Socialist St. Petersburg

This field-based case study examines recent changes in the built fabric of St. Petersburg, its urban planning system, and conservation management. The integral and highly regulated historical center, an important component of St. Petersburg's cultural landscape, has become a ground for (re)development and hence controversy. This study argues that mainly post-socialist forces (specifically, a persistent influence of the Soviet planning tradition combined with current entrepreneurial practices) have led to the current transformation of the built fabric of St. Petersburg. An examination of the processes underlying this transformation reveals that St. Petersburg is experiencing a sharpening dilemma between (re)development and conservation.     

长江中游城市群铁路客运联系及其空间格局演变

基于铁路客运交通流数据,借助社会网络分析方法,从外部连通、内部连通两方面分析长江中游城市群铁路客运联系及其空间格局的演变。结果表明:(1)2009年~2015年间,长江中游城市群内武汉、长沙、南昌3大中心城市在对外联系和对内联系方面均呈现"武汉最强,长沙次之,南昌最弱","马太效应"日益显著;(2)武汉、长沙、南昌三市的对外联系主导方向各异,存在明显的空间错位现象;(3)2009年~2015年间长江中游城市群内31个城市的铁路交通地位发生较大变化,武汉、长沙、南昌三市的铁路枢纽地位得到巩固与提升,与其作为三大战略支点的地位逐渐匹配;(4)长江中游城市群铁路客运网络中心化程度较低,集中趋势不明显,表现为较低水平的多中心格局;(5)2009年~2015年间,长江中游城市群铁路客运联系网络空间格局由五边形转变为"品"形,省际毗邻城市之间的联系有待进一步增强;南昌市和环鄱阳湖城市群的铁路网络建设也有待完善,以增强其在"中三角"中的支撑地位。     

Re-placing soil and its mattering in more-than-human cities

ABSTRACT

What role does soil play in sustainable design interventions and can it help to reconfigure human place experiences and human-nature relations in cities? Cities are home to a host of nonhuman actors that are overlooked or under-acknowledged in design and planning practices and in everyday dwelling. Soil is one such under-acknowledged urban inhabitant. In a period where cities and their inhabitants must adapt to the challenges of a changing climate, the paper draws together theory in design, planning and geography and empirical research with designers and residents in Australian cities to re-place soil as mattering in place(making) practices, everyday urban dwelling and urban sustainability transitions. The research contributes to recent work in (post)human geography to discuss ‘soil-planty mattering’, or the active role of soils and their intra-actions with other urban matter in shaping place. Soil-planty mattering is shown to disrupt human place(making), extending cities in material, temporal and spatial ways. In these extensions, the research suggests that soils have particular potential to re-orient human relationships with nonhumans in urban realms.     

THE PACIFIC: A MEDITERRANEAN IN THE MAKING?

ABSTRACT. This article examines the parallels between the developing Pacific Basin and the historical Mediterranean Basin. Humankind's expanding reach in transportation and communication technologies now makes it possible to integrate a basin the size of the Pacific. The Mediterranean provides some insight into the processes involved. Topics include questions of hegemony, “mirror cities” that interact with each other across the basins, and the dynamic tension between cosmopolitanism and localism.     

安全导向的屯垦戍边地区城镇化转型研究——以新疆南疆四地州为例

屯垦戍边地区作为民族地区、边境地区、落后地区,其城镇化的健康、持续发展对我国整体经济发展、社会稳定、领土安全有重要战略意义。如何在新型城镇化下实现屯垦戍边地区城镇化转型是一个重要研究命题。以新疆南疆四地州为例,从区域安全观的视角探讨屯垦戍边地区城镇化转型。研究认为,南疆四地州正面临经济发展滞后、区域发展不平衡,社会贫困问题严重、城市规模偏小,生态环境脆弱、人口流失严重等问题,城镇化过程正接受经济、社会、生态3个方面的安全挑战。从南疆四地州的经验来看,屯垦戍边地区可通过城镇化建设成本机制、区域治理方式、城市体系结构、产业发展模式、区域生存环境建设思路5个方面促进城镇化转型,适应区域安全发展需要。     

中国地级市间流动人口永久定居意愿的空间特征和影响因素

促进流动人口市民化成为当前国家推进新型城镇化进程中着力解决的重点问题,而永久定居意愿是促进流动人口市民化的关键内在驱动力。论文从地级市间流动人口的永久定居意愿出发,利用全国流动人口动态监测调查数据和多元线性回归模型开展实证研究。结果发现：① 地级市间流动人口的永久定居意愿有着整体水平偏低、空间不均衡的特点;永久定居意愿流形成以上海市、深圳市和北京市为主,内陆部分城市群的核心城市为辅的多极格局;随着永久定居意愿的增强,对城市的选择愈发聚焦在少数几个一线城市。② 模型结果显示,流入地级市与流出地级市间的工资与失业率的差距显著影响地级市间流动人口的永久定居意愿;女性、年长、受教育程度高、短距离迁移、停驻时间长以及举家迁移等的流动人口具有更高的永久定居意愿;流入城市的住房开始取代就业成为定居决策过程中最为重要的经济因素变量。     

福建主要城市周边平缓高地避暑休闲气候评价

分3类比较和评述了当前普遍使用的气候舒适度评价模型和天气舒适度预报模型,认为考虑气象要素对体感交互作用的基本模型比较符合客观实际,从而选择了温湿指数I1=T-0．55（1-Rh）（T-14．4）和风寒指数I2=（10．9V^0.5＋9．0-V）（33-T）2个基本模型来评价福建主要城市及其周边平缓高地的气候舒适度．结果表明,福建主要城市夏季6-9月份4个月的温湿指数处于很热和炎热等级,7—8月份日高温时段的风寒指数也处于不舒适的很热和炎热等级,而冬季温湿指数和风寒指数总体上处于清凉较舒适等级,只是上午低温时段处于冷凉较不舒适等级的范围,而这些主要城市周边的平缓高地4、5、6月和9、10、11月的温湿指数基本上均处于非常舒适和较舒适等级,只有7、8月份的下午高温时段短时间处于热不舒适等级,而风寒指数则表明这些平缓高地从4月份至11月份8个月时间不论日均状态、日低温时段还是日高温时段均基本上处于非常舒适和较舒适等级．这些平缓高地1-2月份比相关中心城市稍冷,但均未达到寒冷很不舒适的等级．从气候舒适度角度进一步论证了福建主要城市周边平缓高地作为夏季避暑休闲和公务活动场所开发的价值．     

Aberrant Cities: Urban Population Loss in the United States, 1820-1930

Our understanding of population loss from U.S. cities draws primarily from the fate of industrial centers in the decades following World War II. Quite numerous, those cities cast off residents at unprecedented and sustained rates. Prior to this time, few large cities had ended a decade smaller in population size than they began. In order to broaden and deepen our knowledge of why some cities and not others lose population, this paper analyzes cities that shed population in the 19th century. Using Census data and capsule stories developed from city biographies, the paper explores both contextuating and precipitating factors. These findings subsequently become the basis for reflecting anew on urban decline since the mid-20th century.