南海西部高温高压小井眼水平井钻完井储层保护技术研究及应用

南海西部东方13-1气田D7H井为国内海上第一口高温高压水平井,储层物性以中低渗为主,使用高固相含量的钻井液易堵塞油气泄流通道造成储层伤害,加之海上完井方式制约,高密度钻井液在井眼滞留时间达10 d以上,不可避免地会加剧储层伤害程度。为充分保障该井储层保护效果,室内开展了大量的优选评价实验,优选出适合海上高温高压小井眼水平井钻完井储层保护油基钻井液,分析了高密度钻井液污染储层的机理,研究了返排压差、返排时间与岩心渗透率恢复结果的关系,提出了增加返排压差、延长返排时间提高储层保护效果的措施。实验结果表明：高温环境下高密度钻井液污染岩心后,初始渗透率恢复值约85%,当污染时间达到15 d时,渗透率恢复值骤降至30%,表明钻井液在储层滞留时间越长储层污染现象越严重;相同驱替条件下,渗透率恢复值随时间的延长而提高并趋于稳定;增加岩心返排时的压差有利于提高渗透率恢复值,返排压差达到12 MPa时,钻井液体系的渗透率恢复值可提高到80%以上。现场应用表明,D7H井试井机械表皮系数为0,清喷产量6.0×105 m3/d,超出配产产量近3倍,储层保护效果良好,为后续海上高温高压气田实施水平井进行规模化开发提供了宝贵的借鉴意义。     

涪陵页岩气田深层气井酸处理技术研究

涪陵页岩气田进入二期产建阶段,页岩气井埋深增加,压裂改造难度增大,尤其是在设备限压仅为93 MPa的前提下,深井施工压力高,酸降效果不明显,严重限制了后期各项改造措施的执行。通过分析深层页岩气井酸降效果降低的主要原因,并在此基础上通过室内及现场试验研究了影响酸处理效果的主要因素,试验表明：提高酸处理排量、增加酸液浓度、合理优化酸液用量将有助于提高酸处理效果,为涪陵页岩气田深层页岩气井后续的压裂施工提出了优化建议。     

美国近期陆地油气钻井业逐步回升的态势分析

自2014年6月国际油价暴跌开始,世界油气市场进入低迷阶段。而当美国二叠纪盆地巨量页岩油藏发现和开发之后,从2016年中期开始,美国陆上油气钻采活动逐渐增加,钻井承包商与钻井公司携钻机蜂拥而至二叠纪盆地和其它油田。这新一轮油气市场可能回复的迹象,进一步促进了钻井设备的更新换代,以工厂化作业为标志的新型先进钻机将供不应求,而大多数老旧机械式钻机则面临淘汰。另一方面,由于这二三年油气市场的低谷,许多高级技术人员和熟练操作人员被裁员,人才大量流失,而新型先进钻机也需要具有专门技能的人员操作,于是近期美国许多公司把保留和培养钻采技术人才放在重要位置,制订和实施了许多培训人才的策略和措施。本文对近期美国陆地油气钻井活动的主要特点和态势进行了分析。     

天然气水合物试采对接井卡钻事故分析与处理

2016年,在青海木里盆地顺利完成了陆域天然气水合物试采工作,首次将对接井技术应用于天然气水合物试采,取得了显著的效果。钻井区域复杂地层给对接井钻井施工带来了极大的难度与风险,钻井过程中多次出现卡钻现象,本文主要介绍了天然气水合物试采对接井钻井过程中遇到的卡钻事故,并对主要卡钻原因进行了详细分析,给出了相应的解卡措施。     

新疆吉木萨尔县准页4井钻探施工技术

以新疆吉木萨尔县准页4井钻探工程为背景,从钻井井身结构、钻具组合、泥浆工艺、取心技术措施、井斜控制等方面,简要介绍了页岩气参数井采用石油钻机施工工艺流程。针对施工过程中遇到的大砾径覆盖层钻进、超长裸眼段钻进及钻井漏失等问题,通过采取优化钻具结构、调整泥浆粘切润滑性能、使用桥浆堵漏等技术措施,工程得以顺利完工,各项技术指标满足设计要求。总结了实践经验,可为该区大口径钻井施工提供经验借鉴。     

徐深气田开展天然气钻井的可行性分析

为了提高大庆地区深层钻井速度,保护和发现储层,依据Mohr-Coulomb准则,引进非线性校正系数,建立了大庆地区深井地层坍塌压力预测模型,并从地质条件、气源井条件、安全性、经济性以及技术条件等几方面分析了徐深气田进行天然气钻井的可行性。优选徐东、徐中、丰乐、升平区块的泉二段至营城组中部（2700～4000 m）为天然气钻井井段。研究结果表明,应用天然气钻井来提高大庆地区深层的钻井速度是完全可行的,并有利于提高深层天然气勘探发现效率。     

油气沿不同时期断裂穿过泥岩盖层渗滤散失的地质条件及其识别方法

为了研究含油气盆地断裂发育区油气分布规律,在确定油气沿活动期和静止期断裂穿过泥岩盖层发生渗滤散失机理的基础上,针对油气沿活动期和静止期断裂穿过泥岩盖层渗滤散失的地质条件及识别方法进行了研究。研究结果表明：油气沿活动期断裂穿过泥岩盖层渗滤散失所需的地质条件是活动期断裂在盖层内上下连接分布,作为油气穿过泥岩盖层的输导通道;油气沿静止期断裂穿过泥岩盖层渗滤散失所需的地质条件是下伏储层油气剩余压力大于断层岩排替压力。通过比较泥岩盖层断接厚度与油气沿活动期断裂穿过泥岩盖层渗滤散失所需最小断接厚度的相对大小和下伏储层剩余压力与断层岩排替压力的相对大小,分别建立了油气是否沿活动期断裂和静止期断裂穿过泥岩盖层渗滤散失的识别方法,并将其应用于渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷南堡5号构造天然气能否通过活动期和静止期NP5 2断裂穿过东二段泥岩盖层渗滤散失的识别。结果表明：在断裂活动期,仅在L2和L8测线处天然气可以沿着NP5 2断裂穿过东二段泥岩盖层渗滤散失,其余测线处(L1、L3、L4、L5、L6、L7、L9)则不能;但是在断裂静止期,天然气不能沿NP5 2断裂穿过东二段泥岩盖层渗滤散失,与目前南堡5号构造东二段泥岩盖层之下已发现的天然气分布相吻合,表明这2种方法分别用于识别油气是否通过静止期断裂和活动期断裂穿过泥岩盖层渗滤散失是可行的。     

Research Progress and Development Tendency About Thermal Physical Properties of Rocks

The fundamental researches about thermal physical properties of rocks have much concern in oil and gas field. They go through four stages and are applied in thermal structure of lithosphere, thermal evolution of sedimentary basins, geotechnical engineering and geothermal area. This article summarized the current research progress on the basis of thermal physical properties of rocks and proposed the development of tendency for the future. Moreover, some cylindrical heat pipe, disc heat pipe, spherical heat pipe based on in-situ measurement method and prediction model based on mathematical statistics have been developed. The scholars discuss the internal relation between thermal conductivity parameter of rocks and other physical properties by a large number of experiments. The researches show that the thermal conductivity of rocks is affected by many factors, and the petrologic characteristic is the most important factor. The porosity of rocks, filled fluid properties, acoustic characteristics are also related to thermal conductivity, which is affected by temperature, pressure and anisotropy. In consideration of the study of thermal physical properties of rocks, we proposed the following tendency for the future. First of all, shale gas is regarded as a hot spot in oil-gas exploration and the formation mechanism and the formation of shale gas reservoir are under the control of thermal physical properties of shale gas, but the relationship among thermal conductivity and organic porous, organic carbon content, gas content, fractured characteristics remains unknown. Therefore, exploring the thermal physical properties of gas-bearing shale is an important research direction in oil and gas field. Secondly, the study of big data represents the general trend. Though the database of rocks thermal parameter is continually expanding, measuring in-situ thermal conductivity continuously in well is the best method to get the accurate in-situ thermal conductivity of rocks. Hence, the development of logging method principle and logging instruments based on thermal physical properties of rocks is a necessary trend for the future.     

Origin and Distribution Factors of Sour Gases in Natural Gas Reservoirs in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block,Turkmenistan

Through the analysis of original carbon isotopes in the blocks on the right bank of the Amu Darya River, Turkmenistan, it can be firstly concluded that the carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the sour gas reservoirs belongs to the inorganic-origin gas. The origin of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block is thermochemical sulfate reduction from the detailed analysis of hydrocarbon source rocks data, reservoir characteristics, vitrinite reflectance of organic matter, and sour gas content. Then, the factors affecting the distribution of sour gases in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block were investigated by the analysis of conventional sour gas distribution factors including geological structure, fracture and fault, caprock integrity, sedimentary facies, reservoir types, lithofacies, the source of sulfur and so on. The following basic findings were achieved: ① The basement rift in the study area is conductive to the distribution of CO₂. The caprock integrity contributes to the concentration of CO₂. The gas reservoirs in the biological dike reefs, patch reefs and overthrust zones usually have medium CO₂ content. ② The geological structure and fracture caused the complexity of the distribution of H₂S. The gypsum-salt rock in upper Jurassic-Tithonian is an important sulphur source, and the main hydrocarbon source rocks are also the major sulfur source of H₂S gas reservoirs. Furthermore, the giant gypsum layers in the middle-upper Jurassic Callovian-Oxfordian and the upper Jurassic-Tithonian are conductive to preservation of H₂S, and the small openings and holes in the reservoir is also correlative to the distribution of H₂S. ③ The H₂S in the study area is mostly distributed in the formations with the geothermal temperature of higher than 100 ℃. The open platform deep-water sedimentary facies are harmful to the formation of H₂S. The patch reef and overthrust zones belong to the belts of low H₂S content, however, the biological dike reef zones belong to the belts of medium-high H₂S content. However, the origin and distribution factors of sour gases in natural gas reservoirs were obtained. At the same time, it was pointed out that more necessary and accurately quantitative research is still needed to determine the origin and distribution of acid gases in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block, Turkmenistan.