涪陵江东区块三维水平井优快钻井技术 ——以焦页91平台为例

涪陵二期建产区地质构造比一期更加复杂,目的层埋深更深,水平段倾角变化较大,这些客观因素造成钻井施工困难,钻井周期普遍延长。焦页91平台是部署在二期江东区块西南部的边缘井,地质条件复杂,钻井工程施工难度大。本文深入分析了该平台的第1口井焦页912HF井施工过程中遇到的复杂情况以及造成钻井周期长的主要原因,在后续2口井的施工过程中,针对第1口井出现的问题,采取改进堵漏措施,钻头、螺杆优选,优化井眼轨道,配套提速工具,提高钻井液性能,使用旋转导向工具等技术措施,精细施工,取得了良好的效果,钻头行程和机械钻速大幅提升,钻井周期大大缩短,为涪陵二期江东区块钻井施工提供了经验。     

东营凹陷油气运聚古地下水动力场剖面数值模拟

本文对东营凹陷油气运聚古地下水动力场剖面数学模型的建立、古水文地质参数的再造、模拟初始值的恢复进行了阐述。在此基础上,进行了东营凹陷油气运聚古地下水动力场剖面数值模拟。模拟结果与已知油田的分布具有较好的一致性。推断的东营凹陷油气聚集有利地段,可以作东营凹陷油气田进一步勘探开发的依据。     

NUMERICAL MODELING OF CUMULUS CLOUD CHEMISTRY—PART Ⅰ.MODEL DEVELOPMENT

A one-dimensional cumulus cloud chemistry model(1CCCM)is developed to simulate cloudphysical processes and chemical processes during the evolution of a convective cloud.The cloudphysical submodel includes a detailed microphysical parameterized scheme of 20 processes.Thechemistry submodel is composed of three parts:gas phase chemistry,aqueous phase chemistry andscavenging of soluble gases.The gas phase reaction mechanism contains 85 reactions among 45species including 13 organics.The aqueous phase reaction mechanism contains 54 reactions among40 species and 12 ion equilibria.Mass of 19 gases is transported between the gas phase and theaqueous phase.With this model,studies may be made to analyze the interactions among processesduring lifetime of a cumulus cloud.     

The method of a two-point conditional column density for estimating the fractal dimension of the distribution of galaxies

We suggest a new method for estimating the fractal dimension of the spatial distribution of galaxies: the method of selected cylinders. We show the capabilities of this method by constructing a two-point conditional column density for galaxies with known redshifts from the LEDA database. The fractal dimension of a sample of LEDA and EDR SDSS galaxies has been estimated to be 2.1±0.1 for cylinder lengths of 200 Mpc. A major advantage of the suggested method is that it allows scales comparable to the catalog depth to be analyzed for galaxy surveys in the form of conical sectors and small fields in the sky.     

Evidence for Chemical Heterogeneity in the Nucleus of C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)

We present an analysis of OH, CN, and C₂ jets observed in thecoma of Comet Hale–Bopp on UT April 22, 23, and 25, 1997. Monte Carlomodels designed to simulate the gas jets were employed to analyze thenuclear active areas responsible for the observed coma gas jets. Ourresults indicate that four active areas are necessary to reproduce theCN and C₂ jets while five active areas are required to simulatethe OH jets. The additional OH active area must produce significantlevels of OH, but cannot emit measurable quantities of either carbonradical. This difference suggests that the nucleus of Comet Hale–Boppis chemically heterogeneous.     

黔西北大方地区龙潭组海陆过渡相烃源岩特征及评价

黔西北大方地区龙潭组以泥页岩、煤层与砂岩交替互层发育为特点,具有典型的海陆过渡相特征。文章在剖面实测和样品采集的基础上,结合全岩和黏土矿物XRD分析、总有机碳(TOC)含量测定、岩石热解、干酪根显微组分及镜质体反射率(R_O)等分析,对研究区龙潭组烃源岩发育特征进行了研究和评价。结果表明: ① 龙潭组矿物以黏土矿物为主,具有较强的吸附能力,但黏土矿物含量与石英含量呈明显的负相关关系(R>0.8),尤其是泥页岩中70%以上的黏土含量以及较低的脆性指数增加了压裂开发的难度。 ② 龙潭组有机质丰度受岩性变化控制明显。煤层具有最高的TOC含量(平均值42.9%)和生烃潜量(平均值为2.68 mg/g),显示强大的煤层气生烃潜力;泥页岩生烃潜量均小于2 mg/g,但约有80%样品的TOC含量超过2%,页岩气资源潜力不及煤层气;粉砂岩生烃潜力最差,生烃潜量平均值为0.13 mg/g,TOC含量为1.4%~5.6%,显示一定的致密气潜力。 ③ 龙潭组有机显微组以壳质组和镜质组占主导,干酪根以Ⅲ型为主,Ⅱ₂型为辅,热演化程度高,处于高-过成熟的生干气阶段。 ④ 煤层更为发育的龙潭组中段是大方地区煤层气、页岩气和致密砂岩气联合勘探的有利层段。     

Key Problems and Countermeasures in CO2 Flooding and Storage

Based on literature research in combination with the practice of CO₂ flooding and storage in Jilin Oilfield, this study assesses the key problems in CO₂ flooding and storage, proposing the corresponding countermeasures from five aspects of CO₂ gas source condition, namely geological condition evaluation, scheme design incoordination with other production methods, economic and effectiveness evaluation, together with dynamic monitoring and safety evaluation. The re...     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区低渗致密油气成藏理论进展及勘探实践

延长石油集团在鄂尔多斯盆地大力推动石油、天然气、页岩气勘探开发理论研究和技术攻关,多类型资源协同发展,取得显著效果。在石油勘探方面,提出延长组特低渗石油“交替式”成藏理论认识,建立盆地中生界多期差异性成藏新模式,近10年特低渗石油年均探明地质储量超1×10⁸ t。建立细粒沉积风暴、地震等控砂理论,以及甜点预测方法,致密油累计探明地质储量2.1×10⁸ t。针对致密气田砂体成因机理不明、天然气运聚成藏规律不清等主要难题,揭示了“浅水环境岸线频繁迁移控砂”机制,建立了致密砂岩气优质储层成储模式,明确纯石英砂岩和富石英低塑性颗粒岩屑砂岩是致密气分布的“甜点”,形成了基于多要素、全过程天然气运聚模拟的目标优选技术。经勘探实践,发现了延安气田,累计探明天然气地质储量7 635×10⁸ m³。页岩气方面,提出陆相页岩气“三元”成藏富集地质理论的创新认识,认为湖相优质页岩是陆相页岩气富集高产的物质基础,多类型、跨尺度的复杂孔隙网络决定页岩气赋存条件,厚层页岩自封闭能力及高压是保存的关键,实现陆相页岩气产量突破。未...     

四川盆地川中—川西震旦系—三叠系天然气成藏分析及勘探意义

四川盆地蕴藏着丰富天然气资源,其中筇竹寺组页岩对盆地中下组合天然气聚集作出巨大贡献。通过对川西和川中震旦系—寒武系及上覆志留系—三叠系多层系储集层中天然气特征精细对比发现,以筇竹寺组页岩为主要烃源的油气资源极为丰富、类型多样：(1)既有典型原油裂解气,甲烷碳同位素较轻(<35‰),分布在资阳地区震旦系、太合地区寒武系沧浪铺组(角探1井)及川西北河湾场/吴家坝的茅口组。它们成藏时间早,在岩性圈闭或岩性-构造圈闭得以长期保存;(2)页岩超晚期释放气,分布广泛,高石梯—磨溪、太合、威远等地区下组合震旦系—寒武系均以该类天然气补充成藏为主,甲烷碳同位素较重(>35‰),如未遭受过硫酸盐热化学还原作用(TSR)的改造则具典型甲、乙烷碳同位素倒转(δ¹³C₁>δ¹³C₂)特征,该类气藏具多期次复杂成藏过程,但超晚期页岩来源天然气的持续补充控制着聚集丰度;(3)中组合泥盆系—三叠系(须家河组之下)天然气以断层沟通的页岩超晚期释放天然气成藏为主。综合分析可见,筇竹寺组页岩(与页岩气)保存较好区域是...     

稀有金属花岗岩富集成矿的烃类气体地球化学标志——以广西栗木锡多金属矿为例

烃类气体在自然界广泛分布并具有复杂成因和来源,同时针对烃类气体的研究不应局限于石油、天然气等传统能源矿产,而需要推广到更多其他科研领域。笔者等采取苦橄岩烃类气体标准化的研究思路,以广西栗木锡多金属矿为中心,重点围绕矿区各阶段花岗岩、矿体及地表土壤开展烃类气体宏观特征和微观规律的研究工作。通过研究和对比,揭示花岗岩及矿石中烃类气体特征和变化规律,查明在成矿作用影响下烃类气体成熟度提高且通过构造裂隙向上运移,并被地表土壤吸附形成异常的事实,明确了深部隐伏矿体与土壤烃类气体异常的成因联系及空间对应关系,建立了判断稀有金属花岗岩富集成矿的烃类气体特征指标和参数,研究表明,将烃类气体特征作为判断稀有金属花岗岩富集成矿地球化学标志的思路正确且方法可行,并将对今后进一步拓展烃类气体的研究和应用领域产生积极影响。