Dealing with double vagueness in DEM morphometric analysis

A method is presented to explicitly incorporate spatial and scale vagueness – double vagueness – into geomorphometric analyses. Known limitations of usual practices include using a single fixed set of crisp thresholds for morphometric classification and the imposition of a single arbitrary number of scales of analysis to the entire digital elevation model (DEM). Among the advantages of the proposed method are: fuzzification of morphometric classification rules, scale-dependent adaptive fuzzy set parametrization and an objective definition of maximum scale of analysis on a cell-by-cell basis. The method was applied to several DEMs ranging from the ocean floor to surface landscapes of both Earth and Mars. The result was evaluated with respect to modal morphometric features and to characteristic scales, suggesting a more robust method for deriving both morphometric classifications and terrain attributes. We argue that the method would be preferable to any single-scale crisp approach, at least in the context of preliminary hands-off morphometric analyses of DEMs.     

浙江省几种灾害性大风近地面阵风系数特征

阵风特性研究是大风预报和服务的基础。基于2011-2013年浙江省自动气象站逐日逐10 min测风资料,分析了浙江省陆地和近海海面冷空气、热带气旋和强对流大风的阵风系数特征。结果表明:冷空气和热带气旋大风阵风系数空间分布基本相同,大风主要发生在近海海面和沿海地区,海面阵风系数一般小于1.5,等值线平行于海岸线且自西向东逐渐减小,陆地阵风系数一般大于2.0,山区可超过3.0,表现出地形对阵风系数的增强作用。强对流大风阵风系数明显高于业务规范平均值,发生地点遍及浙江省各地,但发生概率超过10%的站点主要位于沿海地区和近海海面。风向基本不影响阵风系数空间分布。冷空气和热带气旋站点阵风系数与海拔高度有较高正相关性。模糊聚类分析发现:浙江省400 m以上山区站与70 m以下的低海拔站点在阵风系数特征上分属不同空间类型;基于逐步回归建立站点阵风系数预报模型,检验表明:模糊聚类可帮助提高模型阵风系数预报能力。     

综合纹理与光谱的土地利用模糊分类

针对利用TM影像进行土地利用传统分类精度不高的问题,该文提出了一种综合应用影像纹理与光谱特征对TM影像进行土地利用模糊分类的方法。采用主成分分析法对研究流域TM影像的光谱及纹理特征信息进行压缩与融合,并对融合后的TM影像数据进行3个组别的多尺度分割,在影像分割对象单元的基础上应用面向对象的模糊逻辑隶属度函数法实现影像的软语义分类。相对传统分类方法而言,该方法在充分利用影像光谱信息的基础上综合了影像的纹理信息,且分类理论思想更加符合人们对于客观事物的认知规律,分类精度有了显著的提高,为TM影像分类方法的改进提供一定的参考。     

Relativistic Information Entropy on Uncertainty Analysis

- in this paper, a new approach to relativistic information entropy is used to assess some relative uncertainties in structural reliability assessment. This approach is composed of the information theory and the relativistic theory, and can be used to measure the relativity of parameter uncertainty and system uncertainty in structural reliability theory based on the same generalized relativistic reference system. Therefore, the structural reliability assessment can be assessed reasonably by the approach.     

近红外光谱识别模拟海面溢油

对模拟溢油的石油类样品进行近红外光谱检测并进行了主成分分析,以主成分得分作为聚类的特征变量进行模糊聚类,采用近红外光谱测量结合主成分分析和模糊聚类法快速识别模拟溢油种类,并建立了样品聚类与识别模型。采用此模型对柴油、汽油和润滑油等334个与海水体积分数≥4∶10 000的模拟溢油样品进行了准确快速的分类和识别,为近红外光谱技术判别实际溢油样品提供了科学依据。     

中扬子二叠系碳酸盐岩定量岩相模式

以迭代因子分析、FPFS——模糊聚类、模糊识别为主体,构成了包括变量的选取、定量岩相模式的建立、岩相的定量识别等一套定量岩相分析的数学方法;用该方法对京山、崇阳两条实测剖面的岩相数据进行处理,得到了中扬子二叠系碳酸盐岩定量岩相模式,该模式也包括7个相带,与地质上的7个亚相一致。     

基于小波分解和ANFIS模型的赤道东太平洋海温集成预测

用小波分解和自适应神经模糊推理系统（ANFIS）相结合的方法，建立了赤道东太平洋海温的集成预报模型。该方法将复杂海温系统分解为相对简单的带能分量信号，然后建立分量信号的独立预报模型，最后对预报结果进行集成。试验结果表明，模型的保留预报对象主要特征的前提下，有效地降低了预报难度，集成预报准确率和预报时效传统方法有明显的改进和提高。     

DISCUSSION OF SOME CONCEPTIONS OF A WATER MASS BASED ON THE THEORY OF FUZZY SETS

The fundamental principle for differentiating water masses is a strict consideration of their relative "interior homogeneity" and obvious "exterior differences" with others in characteristics. The conceptions of water type, water mass and water system are dealt with on the basis of the theory of fuzzy sets. A proposal to apply the theory of fuzzy sets to define the water mass and its core, independent area, boundary and mixing area is put forward.As an example, the membership function of the surface water masses in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea in August, 1979, are considered. Their cores, independent areas, boundaries, mixing areas and the approximation degrees between different water masses are calculated respectively. The water masses are ranged according to their fuzzy degrees.     

变性水团软划分的一种FUZZY模式

在已知研究海区水团核心的前提下,考虑到各种指标对标识水团的不同贡献,提出了一种水团软划分的FUZZY模式。利用1987年5—6月黄东海的温、盐和溶解氧实测资料进行计算,与已有成果作了对比,结果令人满意。     

INVESTIGATION ON MAKING MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION OF WATER MASS FROM MIXING MODIFIED PROCESS

A water mass in the sea area under investigation is defined as a fuzzy subset in the discourse universe. Possible forms of membership function of water masses in the mixing modified process are discussed with the mixing theory for conservative concentration of sea water. It may provide bases for making membership functions. Results in this paper may be extended and applied to shallow water. Examples and discussion are given in this paper.