东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂岩带哥日卓托闪长岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂岩带哥日卓托闪长岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以便对其形成时代和岩石成因进行约束.结果表明,哥日卓托闪长岩锆石Th/U比值(0.63～1.28)较高,阴极发光图像显示锆石内部发育振荡环带,具岩浆成因特点;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为225.8±1.5Ma(MSWD=0.53),表明其形成时代为晚三叠世早期.岩体的SiO2含量在53.07％～58.74％之间,Al2O3(14.66％～16.17％)含量相对较高,全碱含量较低(4.76％～6.04％),高钾(1.60％～2.90％),里特曼指数σ在1.69～2.66之间,属高钾钙碱性系列.稀土元素总量(∑REE)为158.36×10-6～211.50×10-6,δEu为0.85～0.97,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱的负铕异常.高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P等)和大离子亲石元素(Ba、Sr、Ti等)具有明显的负异常,而Rb、U、La、Hf、Nd等元素具有明显的正异常.哥日卓托闪长岩形成于高温环境(800℃±),具有后碰撞岩浆活动的特征,是东昆仑地块与巴颜喀拉地块碰撞后地壳部分熔融的产物.     

论东秦岭秋树湾铜钼矿区扩大找矿的有利因素

作为东秦岭铜钼矿带上重要的铜钼矿区,秋树湾及其外围的找矿工作一直未取得重大突破,因此,明确秋树湾岩体形态及位置是扩大找矿的关键所在。本文通过分析成矿母岩、蚀变及矿化分带,结合遥感、地球物理探测技术,总结出研究区矿化蚀变分带模型,并利用钻孔验证,在秋树湾矿区先期取得了找矿突破。在理论和实践上指出:秋树湾斑岩体为本区的成矿母岩;埋深在1000m以下仍存在花岗斑岩体,深部斑岩体是重要的找矿方向;近南北向断裂为岩浆沿断裂从东向北西倾入提供了通道,岩体具有西浅东深的特点。     

赞比亚铜矿床类型及地质特征

赞比亚是世界著名的铜产地之一,其铜矿类型可分为层控型、沉积型、变质改造型及热液型,以沉积型为主。据现有大中型矿床铜资源量统计,沉积型矿产铜资源量占赞比亚铜总资源量的79%。各类型铜矿床总体受卢弗里安(Luflian)弧控制,层控型铜矿主要分布在穹窿核部边缘,含矿岩系为莫瓦(Muva)超群的黑云母片岩、二云石英片岩;沉积型铜矿主要分布在背斜或穹窿外缘周围,含矿岩系主要是加丹加(Katanga)超群下部的砂页岩层。     

赞比亚沉积型铜（-钴）矿地质及未来矿业展望

沉积型铜矿作为重要的铜矿类型之一,一直是工业界找矿和开发的重点。中非铜(-钴)矿带是世界著名的巨型沉积型铜矿带之一。赞比亚谦比希铜矿是我国企业在非洲矿业开发的成功典范项目,其矿体分布和产状严格受新元古代加丹加超群的下罗恩组地层控制,含矿岩石为下罗恩组下部的含矿泥质页岩、砂岩。本文通过对谦比希铜矿的矿床地质特征、成矿地质背景、成岩-成矿规律的详细研究,揭示了其含矿地层和矿体明显受古沉积环境、基底形态的控制;成岩-成矿过程经历了海侵-海退过程,沉积古地理环境为滨浅海蒸发背景。赞比亚铜带省和西北省拥有巨大的资源和找矿潜力,未来必将吸引更多投资。     

冲断构造带深层变形的空间分布规律——以库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例

传统上认为前陆冲断带内部的背斜构造具有"成排成带分段"的特征,在表观认识和宏观尺度上讲,容易理解这一特征,并且通过"成排成带分段"的解剖,直接为含油气区带评价和地震解释方案的落实提供指导作用。随着前陆冲断带深层结构的精细解剖和三维空间内构造变形的准确刻画,发现前陆冲断带深层构造变形的分布并非成排成带分段的特征,褶皱构造的发育与分布明显受前陆冲断构造位移量及各个断层位移量的大小所控制,各个断层控制的逆冲岩席在垂向上相互叠置、侧向上交叉对接、走向上错落有致, 3D立体空间内由多个次级弧形体组成鳞片状分布。本文以中国天然气勘探最为成功、勘探资料最为详实的库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例,通过地震剖面精细构造解释,揭示出构造变形的运动学特征及其构造位移量在传播过程中的分异和转换,进而控制冲断带内部构造岩席的生长发育和空间展布特征,并在3D立体空间内揭示冲断岩席受构造位移量的控制而成鳞片状分布的规律,控制这一分布规律的主控因素是冲断构造位移量与冲断岩席长度之间定量的几何关系。这一认识提升了油气藏评价和构造圈闭描述的精度。     

ArcGIS证据权模型在铜矿成矿预测中的应用 ——以博格达-哈尔里克成矿带为例

本文选择博格达-哈尔里克一带作为研究区,从区域成矿地质背景入手,鉴于该地区已知成型铜矿床较少,成矿规律研究薄弱,故作者采用ArcGIS平台下的证据权模型(WofE),以数据驱动方式为主,从断裂构造、沉积岩相与建造、火山岩建造、侵入岩岩性等方面,以学生化反差S(C)作为有利因子衡量指标,对各控矿因素进行影响程度分类,利用加权逻辑斯回归模型计算成矿后验概率,根据后验概率值的大小进行成矿远景区的圈定和分级,在博格达-哈尔里克成矿带内共圈定7个成矿远景区。最后结合区域化探资料进行了验证,结果显示所圈定的铜矿成矿远景区内化探异常明显,与Cu元素异常套合较好,说明ArcGIS证据权模型能很好地为区域矿产预测提供良好的技术支撑,为研究区铜矿找矿方向提供理论依据,文中所总结的基于ArcGIS平台的证据权计算方法流程也为区域矿产预测提供了方法借鉴。     

An apparent magmatic cycle in the Tasman geosyncline

The igneous events of two geosynclines within the N.S.W. portion of the Tasman Orthogeosyncline are compared, not according to the actual ages of the igneous rocks, but on the basis of their position with respect to the development of the geosyncline. Thus, Cambrian volcanic rocks in one depositional area are compared with Lower Devonian in the other, Ordovician and Silurian with Middle Devonian‐Lower Carboniferous, and Devonian with Permian. Intrusive rocks are fitted into this scheme, and their ages discussed. Such a comparison reveals an apparent igneous cycle, and speculations on the cause of such a cycle are outlined.     

The geological development of the southern part of the New England Fold Belt

Two major divisions of the New England Fold Belt, Zone A and Zone B, are separated by the Peel Fault. Deposition in these two zones was probably contemporaneous (Lower Palaeozoic ‐ Lower Permian). Terminal orogenesis in both zones was also contemporaneous (Middle Permian) but whereas in Zone A deformation was only moderate, metamorphism was of burial type, and granitic emplacement was uncommon, in Zone B many rocks were severely deformed and regionally metamorphosed, and both syn‐tectonic and post‐tectonic granites are widespread.

Pre‐orogenic palaeogeography is envisaged in terms of an evolving volcanic chain ‐ fore‐chain basin ‐ trench system, with an outer non‐volcanic arc developed in the Carboniferous. Cessation of movement on a subduction zone dipping westward beneath the volcanic chain is believed to have caused the Middle Permian deformation, but neither metamorphism nor the granitic rocks are directly related to subduction.     

Regional stress and structure in relation to brown coal open cuts of the Latrobe Valley,Victoria

An interpretation of the origins of folds and joints, which affect the Tertiary Brown Coal Measures of the Latrobe Valley, leads to the proposal that the geological structures have been formed under a regional Late Tertiary NNW‐SSE compressive stress. Considerations of the pattern of measured in situ stresses and of interpreted stresses, derived from earth movements around open cuts and from earthquakes, indicate that a regional NNW‐SSE compressive stress is still in existence in the SE part of Australia at the present time.

It is proposed that the consistencies in the stress orientations reflect consistencies in the Late Tertiary to Recent global movements of the Australian plate.     

Contrasting komatiite belts,associated Ni–Cu–(PGE) deposit styles and assimilation histories

The Agnew–Wiluna greenstone belt in the Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia is the most nickel-sulfide-endowed komatiite belt in the world. The Agnew–Wiluna greenstone belt contains two mineralised units/horizons that display very different volcanological and geochemical features. The Mt Keith unit comprises >500 m-thick spinifex-free adcumulate-textured lenses, which are flanked by laterally extensive orthocumulate-textured units. Spinifex texture is absent from this unit. Disseminated nickel sulfides, interstitial to former olivine crystals, are concentrated in the lensoidal areas. Massive sulfides are locally present along the base or margins of the lenses or channels. The Cliffs unit is locally >150 m thick and comprises a sequence of differentiated spinifex-textured flow units. The basal unit is the thickest, and contains basal massive nickel-sulfide mineralisation. The Mt Keith and Cliffs units display important common features: (i) MgO contents of 25–30% in inferred parental magmas; and (ii) Al/Ti ratios of ～20 (Munro-type). However, the Mt Keith unit is highly crustally contaminated (e.g. LREE-enriched, high HFSEs), whereas the Cliffs unit does not display evidence of significant crustal assimilation. We argue that the distinct trace-element concentrations and profiles of the two komatiite units reflect their different emplacement style and country rocks: the Mt Keith unit is interpreted to have been emplaced as an intrusive sill into dacitic volcanic units whereas the Cliffs unit was extruded as lava flow onto tholeiitic basalts in a subaqueous environment. The mode of emplacement and nature of country rock is the single biggest factor in controlling mineralisation styles in komatiites. On the other hand, evidence of crustal contamination does not necessarily provide information of the prospectivity of komatiites to host Ni–Cu–(PGE) mineralisation, despite being a good proxy for the style of komatiite emplacement and the nature of country rocks.