Early Proterozoic syn-and postcollision granites in the northern part of the Baikal fold area

Early Proterozoic granitoids are of a limited occurrence in the Baikal fold area being confined here exclusively to an arcuate belt delineating the outer contour of Baikalides, where rocks of the Early Precambrian basement are exposed. Geochronological and geochemical study of the Kevakta granite massif and Nichatka complex showed that their origin was related with different stages of geological evolution of the Baikal fold area that progressed in diverse geodynamic environments. The Nichatka complex of syncollision granites was emplaced 1908 ± 5 Ma ago, when the Aldan-Olekma microplate collided with the Nechera terrane. Granites of the Kevakta massif (1846 ± 8 Ma) belong to the South Siberian postcollision magmatic belt that developed since ～1.9 Ga during successive accretion of microplates, continental blocks and island arcs to the Siberian craton. In age and other characteristics, these granites sharply differ from granitoids of the Chuya complex they have been formerly attributed to. Accordingly, it is suggested to divide the former association of granitoids into the Chuya complex proper of diorite-granodiorite association ～2.02 Ga old (Neymark et al., 1998) with geochemical characteristics of island-arc granitoids and the Chuya-Kodar complex of postcollision S-type granitoids 1.85 Ga old. The Early Proterozoic evolution of the Baikal fold area and junction zone with Aldan shield lasted about 170 m.y. that is comparable with development periods of analogous structures in other regions of the world.     

The Ore-forming Fluid of the Gold Deposits of Muru Gold Belt in Eastern Shandong, China - a Case Study of Denggezhuang Gold Deposit

Abstract. Denggezhuang gold deposit is an epithermal gold‐quartz vein deposit in northern Muru gold belt, eastern Shandong, China. The deposit occurs in the NNE‐striking faults within the Mesozoic granite. The deposit consists of four major veins with a general NNE‐strike. Based on crosscutting relationships and mineral parageneses, the veins appear to have been formed during the same mineralization epochs, and are further divided into three stages: (1) massive barren quartz veins; (2) quartz‐sulfides veins; (3) late, pure quartz or calcite veinlets. Most gold mineralization is associated with the second stage. The early stage is characterized by quartz, and small amounts of ore minerals (pyrite), the second stage is characterized by large amounts of ore minerals. Fluid inclusions in vein quartz contain C‐H‐O fluids of variable compositions. Three main types of fluid inclusions are recognized at room temperature: type I, two‐phase, aqueous vapor and an aqueous liquid phase (L+V); type II, aqueous‐carbonic inclusions, a CC₂‐liquid with/without vapor and aqueous liquid (LCO₂+VCC₂+Laq.); type III, mono‐phase aqueous liquid (Laq.). Data from fluid inclusion distribution, microthermometry, and gas analysis indicate that fluids associated with Au mineralized quartz veins (stage 2) have moderate salinity ranging from 1.91 to 16.43 wt% NaCl equivalent (modeled salinity around 8–10 wt% NaCl equiv.). These veins formatted at temperatures from 80d? to 280d?C. Fluids associated with barren quartz veins (stage 3) have a low salinity of about 1.91 to 2.57 wt% NaCl equivalent and lower temperature. There is evidence of fluid immiscibility and boiling in ore‐forming stages. Stable isotope analyses of quartz indicate that the veins were deposited by waters with δ^O and δD values ranging from those of magmatic water to typical meteoric water. The gold metallogenesis of Muru gold belt has no relationship with the granite, and formed during the late stage of the crust thinning of North China.     

The bimodal rift-related Juscelândia volcanosedimentary sequence in central Brazil: Mesoproterozoic extension and Neoproterozoic metamorphism

The Barro Alto Complex and Juscelândia volcanosedimentary sequence are exposed in the central part of the Neoproterozoic Brasília belt of central Brazil. The former is a large (approximately 150 km long), boomerang-shaped, mafic-ultramafic, layered complex formed by two different intrusions metamorphosed under granulite facies. These rocks are tectonically overlain by rocks of the Juscelândia volcanosedimentary sequence, represented mainly by biotite-gneiss and amphibolite, or amphibolite facies metamorphic equivalents of rhyolite and basalt, respectively. New SIMS U–Pb zircon data and Sm–Nd isochron data presented herein help clarify the igneous and metamorphic evolution of the Juscelândia volcanosedimentary sequence, as well as its relationship with the Barro Alto Complex. Zircon grains from two biotite gneisses were analyzed by SIMS (SHRIMP) and indicate Mesoproterozoic dates, approximately 1.28 Ga, interpreted as the time of bimodal volcanism in a tectonic setting transitional between a continental rift and an ocean basin. Metamorphism is constrained by Sm–Nd garnet-whole-rock isochrons for garnet amphibolite and pelitic schists of the Juscelândia sequence, as well as for clinopyroxene-garnet amphibolite and garnet granulite of the Barro Alto Complex, which give ages between 0.74 and 0.76 Ga, in agreement with SIMS dates for metamorphic zircon rims. These new data are significant, because they establish that a single metamorphic event affected both the Barro Alto Complex and the Juscelândia sequence. Based on these new data, we present a modified tectonic model for the Brasília belt.     

赣中变质岩带地质地球化学演化特征

赣中变质岩带由结晶基底和褶皱基底组成。从结晶基底→褶皱基底,变质泥质岩类SI O2含量降低,AL2O3含量增加;变粒岩、石英片岩、硅质岩SI O2含量显著升高,AL2O3含量显著降低;NA2O含量显著降低,K2O的含量有明显的升高,NA2O/K2O值呈显著的降低趋势;FEO、MGO、TI O2及全铁含量(FE2O3 FEO)呈降低的趋势,但FE2O3升高,FE2O3/FEO值显著增高。铁族元素TI、V、CR升高,MN、CO、NI降低;亲铜元素ZN显著升高;大离子亲石元素LI、RB、SR显著降低,U、TH、BA显著升高,SR/BA值急剧降低;LA、CE、YB、NB、Y元素升高;稀土总量、轻稀土含量、轻重稀土比值、轻重稀土相互分离程度、EU亏损程度增加,说明它们原岩沉积环境的差异性,但它们的重稀土含量、LA/CE值、SM/ND值变化很小,稀土配分曲线相互平行反映它们源区岩石的一致性及继承性。从结晶基底→褶皱基底,岩石的ΕND(0)、(~(206)PB/~(204)PB)I、(~(207)PB/~(204)PB)I、(~(208)PB/~(204)PB)I值由低→高;地壳趋于成熟,结晶基底形成于岛弧环境,褶皱基底形成于活动大陆边缘环境。     

Secular variations of the upper crust composition: Implication of geochemical data on the Upper Precambrian shales from the Southern Urals western flank and Uchur-Maya region

In the mid-1980s, it was concluded based on geochemical study that Th, Sc, La concentrations and ratios Th/Sc, La/Sc and Eu/Eu* did not wary significantly in the post-Archean time. It was impossible to judge about compositional variations of upper crust during the Riphean and Vendian, because data of that time characterized a limited number of samples from the post-Archean basins of Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctic. Considered in this work are variations of Eu/Eu*, LREE/HREE, Th/Sc, and La/Sc ratios in Upper Precambrian fine-grained siliciclastic rock of the Southern Urals western flank (Bashkirian meganticlinorium) and Uchur-Maya region (Uchur-Maya plate and Yudoma-Maya belt). As is established, only the Eu anomaly in the studied siliciclastic rocks is practically identical to this parameter of the average post-Archean shale. Three other parameters plot on the Riphean-Vendian variation curves with positive and negative excursions of diverse magnitude, which do not coincide always in time. It is assumed that these excursions likely mark stages of local geodynamic activity, destruction of pre-Riphean cratons, and progressing recycling of sedimentary material during the Riphean.     

滇西澜沧变质带中白云母的研究及其地质意义

本文以滇西澜沧变质带中最为广泛分布的造岩矿物—白云母为对象，详细研究和 分析了其成分、多型类型及ba值等，探讨了白云母的发育规律。研究结果表明，本带中绝大多数白云母为多硅白云母，且为3T+2M,型，与蓝闪石共生的则以3T多硅白云母为主。此外，斓沧变质 带经历了蓝闪石片岩亚相的高压变质作用，与古特提斯构造演化密切相突，并可与世界著名的高 压带对比。     

复合构造控制华亭煤田的形成

华亭煤田属华北聚煤区，复式向构造形态。煤层厚度变化较大，总的规律是东厚西薄，局部分叉尖灭。根据同沉积作用和山字型构造体系及复合构造的原理，浅析了该煤田的构造形态及煤层赋存规律。     

Petrology of ultrahigh-pressure eclogites from the ZK703 drillhole in the Donghai, eastern China

The 558-m-deep ZK703 drillhole located near Donghai in the southern part of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt, eastern China, penetrates alternating layers of eclogites, gneisses, jadeite quartzites, garnet peridotites, phengite–quartz schists, and kyanite quartzites. The preservation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic minerals and their relics, together with the contact relationship and protolith types of the various rocks indicates that these are metamorphic supracrustal rocks and mafic-ultramafic rock assemblages that have experienced in-situ ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. The eclogites can be divided into five types based on accessory minerals: rutile eclogite, phengite eclogite, kyanite–phengite eclogite, quartz eclogite, and common eclogite with rare minor minerals. Rutile eclogite forms a thick layer in the drillhole that contains sufficient rutile for potential mining. Two retrograde assemblages are observed in the eclogites: the first stage is characterized by the formation of sodic plagioclase+amphibole symplectite or symplectitic coronas after omphacite and garnet, plagioclase+biotite after garnet or phengite, and plagioclase coronas after kyanite; the second stage involved total replacement of omphacite and garnet by amphibole+albite+epidote+quartz. Peak metamorphic P–T conditions of the eclogites were around 32 to 40 kbar and 720°C to 880°C. The retrograde P–T path of the eclogites is characterized by rapidly decreasing pressure with slightly decreasing temperature. Micro-textures and compositional variations in symplectitic minerals suggest that the decompression breakdown of ultrahigh-pressure minerals is a domainal equilibrium reaction or disequilibrium reaction. The composition of the original minerals and the diffusion rate of elements involved in these reactions controlled the symplectitic mineral compositions.     

云南兰坪—思茅盆地中轴构造带的特征及其研究意义

笔者利用云南西部已有的DSS地震测深、石油反射地震资料的再解释,并通过地球物理、地球化学以及矿产等资料的综合分析,对滇西兰坪—思茅盆地内的中轴构造带的构造特征进行了深入分析。研究结果表明兰坪—思茅盆地内的中轴构造带是一条近南北走向的集断裂带、伸展构造、深部隆起为一身的大型构造带。地震测深的速度结构及反射地震剖面表明,中轴构造带在思茅盆地南部存在有深部地幔的上隆现象,该构造带内的断裂系统倾向在盆地南北有差异。研究发现该构造带与矿床、侵入碱性岩体及区域地化异常分布有密切的关系。结合地质构造分析研究,表明该构造带是一多期活动的重要构造带,具有伸展走滑的性质;中轴构造带在形成、演化过程中被近东西向的多条直线型断裂所错断,从构造形态上看与大洋中脊有相似的展布特征。该构造带对盆地的构造演化以及矿产形成具有重要控制作用。     

吉林省前寒武纪地层

吉林省前寒武纪地层可见有太古宙变质表壳岩系、古元古代中深变质火山-沉积岩系、吉南新元古代陆源碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩组成的盖层沉积岩系和吉北造山带新元古代变质火山-沉积岩系4种类型.其中太古宙地层龙岗陆块具有多陆块拼贴的特点,可划分为龙岗岩群(四道砬子河岩组、杨家店岩组)、夹皮沟岩群(三道沟岩组、老牛沟岩组)、板石沟岩群、南岗岩群(鸡南岩组、官地岩组)、清原岩群.分别代表白山镇地块、夹皮沟镇地块、板石沟地块、和龙地块和清原地块的变质表壳岩系,其中除龙岗岩群可能为中太古代外,其余地质体的时代均为新太古代.古元古代地层有集安岩群、光华岩群和老岭岩群,前两者为古元古代早期裂谷环境沉积,分别可进一步划分为蚂蚁河岩组、荒岔沟岩组、大东岔岩组、双庙岩组和同心岩组,沉积时限为2 300～2 100Ma;后者为古元古代晚期内克拉通凹陷沉积,可进一步划分为林家沟岩组/达台山岩组、珍珠门岩组、花山岩组、临江岩组和大栗子岩组,沉积时限为1 900～1 800Ma.吉南新元古代地层的岩石地层学属性基本清楚,按新元古代三分的观点,其中细河群及其以下地层时代为青白口纪.浑江群时代为震旦纪,吉南地区缺失南华系.吉林省北部造山带中沿色洛河-海沟-青龙村-江域一线的元古宙地层事实上为不同时代、不同性质的构造岩片堆叠体,属于构造地层学范畴;具有层状地层特征的仅有敦化地区的塔东岩群、蛟河地区的新兴岩组、九台地区的机房沟岩群、辽源地区的西保安岩组以及安图地区的万宝岩组,时代可暂置于新元古代.