南天山褶皱带北缘基性-超基性杂岩带的地质学特征与大地构造意义

沿南天山北缘的古洛萨拉 -乌瓦门 -拱拜子一带 ,分布有一条基性 -超基性杂岩带。其中 ,辉长岩墙形成于 ( 14 12± 54 )Ma ,而变质橄揽岩、玄武岩和其他一些小侵入体都形成于古生代中期。这些地质体的产状、岩石学和地球化学特征都没有提供与蛇绿岩套有关的信息。据此 ,我们认为 ,南天山在古生代期间只有一次洋壳化过程     

RELOCATION OF THE HUTUBI MS6.2 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE ON 8 DECEMBER 2016 AND ANALYSIS OF THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE

Based on the digital waveforms of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake sequence (M_L ≥ 1.0) was relocated precisely by HypoDD.The best double-couple focal mechanisms of the main shock and aftershocks of M_L ≥ 4.0 were determined by the CAP method. We analyzed the characteristics of spatial distribution, focal mechanisms and the seismogenic structure of earthquake sequence. The results show that the main shock is located at 43.775 9°N, 86.363 4°E; the depth of the initial rupture and centriod is about 15.388km and 17km. The earthquake sequence extends unilaterally along NWW direction with an extension length of about 15km and a depth ranging 5~15km. The characteristics of the depth profiles show that the seismogenic fault plane dips northward and the faulting is dominated by thrusting. The nodal planes parameters of the best double-couple focal mechanisms are:strike 292°, dip 62° and rake 80° for nodal plane I, and strike 132°, dip 30° and rake 108° for nodal plane Ⅱ, indicating that the main shock is of thrust faulting. The dip of nodal planeⅠis consistent with the dip of the depth profile, which is inferred to be the fault plane of seismogenic fault of this earthquake. According to the comprehensive analysis of the relocation results, the focal mechanism and geological structure in the source region, it is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake may be a backthrust on the deeper concealed thrust slope at the south of Qigu anticline. The earthquake is a "folding" earthquake taking place under the stress field of Tianshan expanding towards the Junggar Basin.     

板内扭压造山机制

据中国大陆板块内部构造特征提出两种扭压造山机制：（１） 扭压滑脱褶皱造山作用;（２） 扭压斜滑断裂岩浆造山作用。前者以扬子板块内的武陵山台褶带为例,后者以华北板块内的太行山断裂岩浆带为例。扭压滑脱褶皱造山作用表现为沉积盖层呈隔档式及隔槽式褶皱;结晶基底呈大型隆起和拗折,莫霍面下降,从而使地壳增厚,构成造山带。值得注意的是,这类滑脱褶皱带的整体形状呈Ｓ状展布,其中的次级褶皱呈雁行状斜列,表明这类造山带的形成除受水平挤压作用外,还伴有左行剪切作用。扭压斜滑断裂岩浆造山作用表现为沿断裂带有一系列花岗质深成岩体展布。这些断裂不仅深切地幔,而且导致下地壳局部融熔形成花岗岩浆,驱动岩浆斜向上升,并控制岩体侵位。与此同时地壳在平面上缩短,垂向上增厚,构成造山带。上述两种造山作用一致表明,东亚大陆在中生代时曾相对太平洋板块向南滑移     

扬子地台西缘江浪变质核杂岩结构及对成矿的控制

扬子地台西缘江浪变质核杂岩体的基本结构,划分为堆垛层、褶叠层及板岩带等三个构造地层系统,其间为构造滑脱面所分割,在该类变质核杂岩体中发育有一个中间流变层。本文建立了堆垛层的新概念,认为它是造山带中深部地壳常见的基本构造型式。同时,阐述了该变质核杂岩体中铜矿的构造空间配置及构造过程对成矿作用的控制,建立了该杂岩体内铜矿的成穹-成矿模式,认为川西雅碧江流域地区有较好的找矿远景。     

Structural Analysis of the Multi-layer Detachment Folding in Eastern Sichuan Province

<正>A serial of"comb-like and trough-like"folds developed in eastern Sichuan,controlled by the multi-layer detachment folding,is different from the classical Jura-type structure in their development.The key factor resulting in the development of these structures is the occurrence of detachment layers in different parts of Neoprotozoic to Mesozoic stratigraphy of study area,which, from the bottom to the top,are the lower part of Banxi Group,Lower Cambrian(Niutitang Formation),Lower Silurian(Longmaxi Formation and Luoreping Formation),Upper Permian (Wujiaping Formation) and Lower Triassic(Daye Formation).On the basis of field survey combined with sand-box modeling,this study argued that the detachment layer of the lower part of Banxi Group controlled the development of the"comb-like"folds,and the lower part of Cambrian detachment layer controlled the development of"trough-like"folds.Because of several detachment layers occurring in the study area,the development of duplex structures different scales is an important deformation mechanism,and the duplexes are the important structures distinguished from the typical detachment folding structures.Due to these duplexes,the surface structures and structural highs may not be the structural highs in the depth.Meanwhile,the detachment layers are good channels for oil/ gas migration benefiting the understanding of accumulation and migration of oil and gas.     

断层相关褶皱理论与应用研究新进展

自Rich(1934)提出断层转折褶皱的几何学概念以来,Suppe(1983)首次将其定量化,建立了褶皱形态与断层形态和断层滑动之间的定量关系,奠立了断层相关褶皱理论的基本模型。20年来,不但建立了断层传播褶皱、断层滑脱褶皱等基本端员类型的几何学与运动学模型,也建立与完善了断层相关褶皱叠加样式的几何学与运动学模型,例如叠瓦构造、构造楔与干涉构造等。研究同构造沉积作用,建立了生长断层相关褶皱的几何学与运动学模型,将沉积作用与断裂作用、褶皱作用及构造隆升作用等有机地联系起来。考虑地层的力学性质与变形差异,提出与建立了剪切断层转折褶皱理论,并建立了断层相关褶皱的一系列力学模型。20年来,断层相关褶皱的基本研究方法经历了由二维剖面与平面分析向全三维空间分析的转变,由几何学、运动学模型向力学模型的转变,实验模拟技术与数值模拟技术在断层相关褶皱理论模型的建立与检验中发挥了重要作用。断层相关褶皱的理论和方法在工程地质、地震灾害预报与油气勘探开发等领域获得了广泛的应用。中国在天山、祁连山和龙门山等相邻的前陆盆地的活动构造与含油气圈闭研究中,应用断层相关褶皱的理论与方法取得了重要进展。     

广义"断层转折褶皱"的几何学正演数值模拟

提出了一个广义“断层转折褶皱”的几何学数值模拟方法,并用C＋＋语言编制了相应的数值模拟软件。该软件能模拟非常复杂的褶皱冲断系统,包括多转折“剪切断层转折褶皱”（multi-bend shear fault-bend folds）、复合楔体构造（composite wedge structures）、以及多滑脱层褶皱冲断系统（multi-detachment fold and thrust systems）。通过把一个沉积岩层分解成“膝折带”（kink-band）和“膝折楔”（kink-wedge）两部分,解决了模拟曲线形态的多转折断层转折褶皱的难点问题,而以往的几何学方法仅对真实的褶皱形态作了粗略的线性近似。通过把复杂的褶皱冲断系统分解成一系列迭加的滑脱层系,可以模拟复杂的楔体构造,并提供这些构造演化的二维动画。该软件被应用于美国加里福尼亚州的Wheeler山脊,一个活动的楔体构造,其构造解释得自于大量钻井数据,正演数值模拟再现了该构造的主要特征。     

柴达木盆地西部地区新生代沉积与构造演化

［摘要］新生代柴西地区南北变形具有很好的对称性,盆地边缘发育高角度逆冲断层,古近纪时期库木库里和苏干湖盆地与柴达木盆地相连,据此认为柴西地区是地壳纵弯褶皱的机制下形成的新生代向斜沉降区。其构造演化经历了古新世~渐新世早期纵弯褶皱形成、晚渐新世~中新世纵弯褶皱发展和晚期盆内断褶构造强烈活动三个阶段,控制了相应时期的沉积边界和沉积相分布。古近纪时期库木库里盆地和苏干湖盆地是柴达木盆地的一部分,新近纪以来,由于盆缘逆冲断层的活动,库木库里和苏干湖盆地逐步与柴达木盆地分割开来。据此认为盆地中部一里坪地区和盆地边缘的油气勘探有较大潜力。     

新疆南天山西段中新生代构造变形与盆山耦合机制探讨

南天山西段山峦叠嶂,沟壑深切,褶皱强烈,断裂纵横。构造演化与中生代以来新疆地区的强烈隆升以及其后的塔里木盆地大规模断陷密切相关,受典型的盆山耦合机制控制。从卷入褶皱作用的地层展布和区域构造变形特征分析,新疆地区在原塔里木地块的基础上,由于大规模地慢物质上涌,于中生代晚期发生强烈隆升,并在隆升的北西缘西南天山一带形成北东东向构造岩浆带。新生代以来,由于新疆隆起轴部强烈的热减薄作用,导致隆起中部发生大规模裂陷,并逐渐形成塔里木断陷盆地。与此同时,构造岩浆活动形成的南天山西段造山带与塔里木断陷盆地构成了较大的（地形）位势差,进而引起南天山西段由北西向南东拆离滑脱。第一期形成的区域性褶皱被改造成一系列倒转褶皱,往往表现出北西翼平缓,地层出露齐全,南东翼陡倾或倒转,甚至在某些背斜倒转翼形成较大规模的逆冲推覆构造,同时相伴产生多条北西向走滑断裂,以调节沿走向滑脱拆离幅度的不均匀性。因此,南天山西段,甚至整个新疆地区,中新生代的区域构造演化应从盆山耦合的视角分析其地球动力学过程。这也许是解开西南天山复杂变形历史的钥匙。     

Structural deformation and evolution of right-lateral strike-slip tectonics of the Liaohe western depression during the early Cenozoic

The Tan-Lu fault zone (TLFZ) traverses the Liaohe western depression (LHWD), affords an exceptional opportunity to reveal the structural deformation and evolution of a major strike-slip fault of the LHWD using three dimensional seismic data and well data. In this paper, based on structural interpretations of the 3-D seismic data of the LHWD, combined with depth slice and seismic coherency, a variety of structural features in relation to right-lateral strike-slip fault (the western branch of the Tan-Lu fault) have been revealed presence in the depression, such as thrust faults (Xinlongtai, Taian-Dawa, and Chenjia faults), structural wedges, positive flower structures, and en echelon normal faults. Fault cutoffs, growth strata and the Neogene unconformity developed in the LHWD verify that the activity of right-lateral strike-slip from the late Eocene to Neogene (ca. 43–23 Ma). The study indicates that the right-lateral strike-slip played an important role in controlling the structural deformation and evolution of the LHWD in the early Cenozoic. Moreover, the front structural wedge generated the gross morphology of the Xinlongtai anticline and developed the Lengdong faulted anticline during the late Eocene, and the back structural wedge refolded the Lengdong faulted anticline zone in the late Eocene to the early Oligocene. Wrench-related structures (the Chenjia thrust fault and the en echelon normal faults) were developed during the late Oligocene. Uniform subsidence in the Neogene to Quaternary. Furthermore, the driving force of the right-lateral strike-slip deformation was originated from N–S extension stress related to the opening of the Japan Sea and NE–SW compression, as the far-field effect of India–Eurasia convergence.