公路路基地基承载力的离心模型试验与分析

公路路基由于基底的柔性和荷载分布为梯形,路基地基的破坏模式和确定方法与刚性基础地基有所差异,对公路路基地基承载力的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。通过柔性条形基础、梯形路基以及模拟沟谷地形的柔性条形基础等3组离心模型试验,对公路路基地基的破坏机制和极限承载力进行了研究,并采用关联流动的Mohr-Coulomb内切圆屈服准则对试验结果进行了数值模拟和对比分析,研究结果表明,公路路基地基由于基底的柔性和较高的离心加速度,很难产生理想的整体剪切破坏形式;与刚柔性条形基础相比,梯形路基作用下的基底中心点沉降更大;沟谷地形对柔性条形基础基底中心点的沉降有一定的影响,但并不明显影响地基极限承载力。     

Response of underground pipeline through fault fracture zone to random ground motion

It is assumed that a pipeline is laid through a vertical fault fracture zone, and is excited by seismic ground motion modelled as stationary stochastic process. For horizontal incidence of waves, the cross-PSD (Power Spectral Density) function is developed using wave propagation theory, while for vertical incidence of waves the cross-PSD function is composed by auto-PSD model, coherence model and site response model. As the seismic input, the cross-PSD function is used to calculate the the axial and lateral seismic responses of underground pipeline through the fracture zone. The results show that the incident directions of seismic waves, width and soil property of the fracture zone have great influence on underground pipeline. It is suggested that the flexible joints with appropriate stiffness should be added into the pipeline near the interfaces between the fracture zone and the surrounded media.     

斜坡坡面地质灾害SNS柔性防护系统概论

在简单分析评价国内现有坡面地质灾害防治现状的基础上 ,介绍了以钢丝绳网为主要构成材料的 SNS( Safty Netting System)主动覆盖和被动拦截柔性防护系统的基本构成和功能特征 ,从而阐明了该项新技术在防护功能、标准化设计与施工作业以及对复杂地形的适应性和安全可靠性等方面的技术经济优势。     

土石混填料台背回填柔性加筋注浆技术加固试验研究

通过采用柔性加筋注浆技术处理台后回填土现场试验研究并结合室内试验的方式,研究了柔性加筋注浆新技术处理湘西红砂岩土石混填台背的施工工艺特性、加固实现机制和加固效果。现场试验及质量测试表明,水平柔性加筋注浆新技术处理湘西红砂岩土石混填台背施工工艺简单、加固效果良好,具有较好的开发应用价值。同时,现场试验过程取得大量施工参数和试验数据,为改进该新技术的设计计算及施工参数、完善施工工艺获得素材; 对有效预防和减少桥头跳车现象的发生,保证行车的舒适和安全也提供了可供选择的新方式。     

液压质量控制系统(HMS)的分析模型及其对底层柔性建筑抗震控制的分析

本文着重阐述HMS系统的振动控制机理及其分析模型。在对试验结果分析的基础上,建立了HMS系统考虑其油液压缩性的“可压缩弹性”分析模型(简称“弹性”模型)。试验与分析证明,以该模型描述HMS的系统的工作状态是符合实际的。本文以所建立的“弹性”分析模型,对HMS系统各参数对底层柔性建筑抗震控制体系减震效果影响的规律性进行了详细的计算分析,得出了一些结论,这些结论对实际工程抗震控制设计是非常有意义的。     

大洋采矿输送软管动力特性的数值研究

在大量勘探数据的基础上，对中国东太平洋7．5万km^2矿区采矿环境进行研究，得出集矿机是否安全行驶，直接关系着大洋采矿的成败。影响集矿机行驶的因素很多，其中输送软管是重要因素之一。通过理论分析计算和小型模拟实验相结合的研究方法，进行了软管与集矿机受力分析与仿真计算研究，开发了相应的应用软件。总结了大洋采矿系统中输送软管动态特性数值研究的最新研究成果，对我国大洋多金属结核矿产资源的开发，深海采矿系统的设计和回采策略的制定有一定的参考价值和实用意义。     

拓扑优化在隧道工程中的运用

拓扑优化作为结构优化的高层次优化方法,目前正成为工程界研究的热点,而对于隧道工程的拓扑优化还未见研究成果。建立了隧道洞室的拓扑优化模型,利用高层次拓扑优化理论对隧道洞室进行了拓扑优化分析,提出了预强支护理论,即开挖围岩影响区内进行强支护结合复合衬砌支护的三层支护体系,通过拓扑优化分析确定了预强支护的具体位置。     

边界问题及其对真空预压的影响

给出了真空预压区四周开敞式与封闭式边界定义、两者的不同,分析了开敞式边界加固效果优于封闭式边界的原因并以三个实例说明之,给出如何将封闭式转化为开敞式的方法;柔性与刚性密封膜同样可构成开敞式与封闭式边界,讨论了此时两种边界下差别;给出了密封墙和支挡墙的定义、功能、应用范围;讨论了水泥搅拌与旋喷桩单体墙与格栅墙的定义、功能、应用范围,前者只能作为密封墙,后者既可作密封墙也可作支挡墙.     

Combining cap-and-trade with offsets: lessons from the EU-ETS

Linking a cap-and-trade with an offset mechanism has many theoretical advantages: it reduces compliance costs, extends the price signal outside the cap-and-trade, and triggers technology transfer. However, it is feared that such linking will induce outsourcing of emissions reduction at a low price and undermine the price incentive in the cap-and-trade. The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the first full-scale example of a cap-and-trade system linked to project-based mechanisms such that offsets have effectively been used by industrial installations. This article is an ex post analysis of EU ETS data for the years 2008 and 2009, and the characteristics of the link and its efficiency are evaluated. Although offsets have been much used, their use is concentrated and not very intense or frequent, which allays the fear that offsets will flood the market. Although the majority of surrendered CERs effectively come from the largest and oldest projects, the credits surrendered are similar to those available on the market. Possible factors that contribute towards inefficiency are the rules for using offsets, transaction costs affecting the participation of small installations, awareness and openness to market-based instruments, and uncertainties regarding CERs offer and demand from other markets. However, the impact on EUA equilibrium price still needs to be quantified.     

On the mechanics of contact between a flexible transducer diaphragm located at a rigid boundary and an elastic material

In this paper we examine the mechanics of contact between a flexible elastic diaphragm and an isotropic elastic halfspace region where contact is established through the application of a normal stress. It is shown that a convenient solution for the maximum displacement and maximum flexural moment in the flexible diaphragm can be obtained by employing a variational technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.