往复荷载下层状地基柔性筏板-群桩共同作用分析

提出一种层状地基中柔性筏板-群桩共同作用分析方法,探讨筏板刚度对桩筏基础沉降的影响,并成功预测了往复荷载下桩筏基础的长期沉降。筏板刚度采用Mindlin板理论的有限单元法分析;桩-土体系的刚度矩阵中,桩顶面-桩顶面、桩顶面-土表面以及土表面-土表面的相互作用分析采用层状剪切位移法借助层状地基的Burmister位移解求得。基于层状地基中柔性筏板-群桩的沉降计算方法以及往复荷载下土体压缩模量的衰减特性得到了桩筏基础的长期沉降预测方法。与已有文献方法和离心模型试验结果的对比分析表明,柔性筏板-群桩共同作用方法得到的沉降值具有较高的精度。     

柔性支护结构主动土压力的变分计算方法研究

从基坑柔性支护结构后的滑动土楔体的整体静力平衡方程出发,推导了考虑作用点位置的主动土压力泛函极值等周模型。在此基础上引入拉格朗日乘子,将主动土压力问题转化为确定含有两个函数自变量的泛函极值问题。对于一般黏性土,依据泛函取极值时必须满足的欧拉方程,得到了对数螺旋线的滑裂面函数和沿滑裂面分布的法向应力函数。结合边界条件和横截条件,主动土压力泛函极值问题进一步转化为以两个拉格朗日常数为未知量的函数优化问题。同时,讨论了滑裂面为平面和圆弧面两种特殊情况。通过算例表明,对于一般土体,在作用点位置系数下限处,主动土压力最小,滑裂面为平面;随着作用点位置的上移,主动土压力呈非线性增长,相应滑裂面为对数螺旋面。对于砂性土,位置系数上限值随内摩擦角的增大而增大,其相应的土压力值也随之增加。对于软黏土,滑裂面为圆弧面,随着作用点位置的上移,主动土压力呈非线性下降,滑裂面背离基坑方向移动。     

柔性加筋注浆现场模型试验研究

采用现场修筑实体模型试验结合室内土工试验的方法,全程、全断面、实时记录了模型试验中取得的大量数据,研究了预铺柔性管加筋注浆新技术在一定注浆施工工艺参数条件下水平柔性花管注浆实现机制、注浆施工工艺特性及注浆加固范围和效果。文中重点介绍了预铺水平柔性加筋注浆管现场模型试验的试验设计、模型修筑方案及制作、试验测试内容和研究方法。试验结果表明,预铺水平柔性加筋注浆新技术施工工艺简单、加固效果良好,具有很好的开发利用价值。同时,现场大型单点模型试验与现场实际施工条件基本一致,试验所得成果和施工参数能够直接用于实际施工,对回填加固类似工程采用本新技术施工具有一定的借鉴和指导作用。     

柔性均布压力加载装置在模型试验中的应用研究

将研制的新型柔性均布压力加载装置与传统的刚性加载装置分别应用到大型地质力学模型试验中,利用应力不均匀系数? 对其加载效果进行了量化对比分析。试验结果表明,随着加载压力值与距模型表面距离的增加,不均匀系数? 减小,压力分布趋于均匀;在模型试验中采用柔性均布压力加载装置,与刚性加载方式相比,其更有利于加载压力在模型体中均匀扩散,产生均匀的应力场,在该试验条件下采用此装置,模型内距模型表面300 mm处应力场已基本达到均匀的状态,模型初始应力施加完后,其? 仅为0.086,而采用刚性加载方式时其对应的? 则高达0.283;该装置在距模型表面较近时或加载压力较小时亦能产生较好的均布压力加载效果,如加载压力为0.28 MPa时距模型表面150 mm处? 仅为0.174,具有减小边界效应影响范围、提高低应力水平下的模型试验精度的作用。     

松软煤层穿层孔挠性钻具强造斜机理与过程研究

增加松软煤层穿层孔煤孔段的长度可以提高穿层孔单孔瓦斯抽采效果,利用挠性钻具组合施工煤孔段可以达到延长煤孔段的目的。本文建立了挠性钻具施工的力学模型,研究了强造斜的运动学特征,并提出了造斜过程的运动学曲线;根据力学模型及运动学特征,研究了强造斜钻进工艺,尽可能增加钻孔煤层钻遇率。     

组合桩在唐山沿海地区的试验应用

唐山沿海地区由于自然历史原因造成土体结构与内陆地区相差甚远,土体结构多层,且上部以软弱粘性土、砂类土为主,使得单一桩型成本较高、效率低、施工难度大且易造成环境污染。针对这些问题并结合本地区地层,设计试验了一套粉喷桩和预应力混凝土管桩相结合的柔刚组合桩施工方法,降低了施工难度、提高了效率、降低了成本,实现桩基施工无泥浆排放的节能环保示范,为类似地区地基基础工程施工提供了借鉴和参考。     

非黏结柔性立管疲劳损伤特性分析

对柔性立管的疲劳损伤特性进行分析,探究抗拉层与抗压层的疲劳特性,并分析弯曲加强器的存在与否对柔性立管疲劳损伤的影响。研究表明:柔性立管最内层抗拉层上的疲劳损伤最大,从内到外,抗拉层的疲劳损伤依次减小;抗压层受到的疲劳损伤远小于抗拉层的疲劳损伤;弯曲加强器的存在可以减小立管的疲劳损伤,并改变抗拉层疲劳危险点的位置。     

公路路基地基承载力的离心模型试验与分析

公路路基由于基底的柔性和荷载分布为梯形,路基地基的破坏模式和确定方法与刚性基础地基有所差异,对公路路基地基承载力的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。通过柔性条形基础、梯形路基以及模拟沟谷地形的柔性条形基础等3组离心模型试验,对公路路基地基的破坏机制和极限承载力进行了研究,并采用关联流动的Mohr-Coulomb内切圆屈服准则对试验结果进行了数值模拟和对比分析,研究结果表明,公路路基地基由于基底的柔性和较高的离心加速度,很难产生理想的整体剪切破坏形式;与刚柔性条形基础相比,梯形路基作用下的基底中心点沉降更大;沟谷地形对柔性条形基础基底中心点的沉降有一定的影响,但并不明显影响地基极限承载力。     

Response of underground pipeline through fault fracture zone to random ground motion

It is assumed that a pipeline is laid through a vertical fault fracture zone, and is excited by seismic ground motion modelled as stationary stochastic process. For horizontal incidence of waves, the cross-PSD (Power Spectral Density) function is developed using wave propagation theory, while for vertical incidence of waves the cross-PSD function is composed by auto-PSD model, coherence model and site response model. As the seismic input, the cross-PSD function is used to calculate the the axial and lateral seismic responses of underground pipeline through the fracture zone. The results show that the incident directions of seismic waves, width and soil property of the fracture zone have great influence on underground pipeline. It is suggested that the flexible joints with appropriate stiffness should be added into the pipeline near the interfaces between the fracture zone and the surrounded media.     

Flexible support of a pile embedded in unsaturated soil under Rayleigh waves

Under the action of Rayleigh waves, pile head is easy to rotate with a concrete pile cap, and pure fixed-head condition is rarely achieved, which is a common phenomenon for it usually occurs on the precast piles with insufficient anchorage. In addition, the propagation characteristics of Rayleigh wave have been changed significantly due to the existence of capillary pressure and the coupling between phases in unsaturated soil, which significantly affects the pile-soil interaction. In order to study the above problems, a coupled vibration model of unsaturated soil–pile system subjected to Rayleigh waves is established on the basis that the pile cap is equivalent to a rigid mass block. Meanwhile, the soil constitution is simplified to linear-elastic and small deformations are assumed to occur during the vibration phase of soil–pile system. Then, the horizontal dynamic response of a homogeneous free-field unsaturated soil caused by propagating Rayleigh waves is obtained by using operator decomposition theory and variable separation method. The dynamic equilibrium equation of a pile is established by using the dynamic Winkler model and the Timoshenko beam theory, and the analytical solutions of the horizontal displacement, rotation angle, bending moment and shear force of pile body are derived according to the boundary conditions of flexible constraint of pile top. Based on the present solutions, the rationality of the proposed model is verified by comparing with the previous research results. Through parametric study, the influence of rotational stiffness and yield bending moment of pile top on the horizontal dynamic characteristics of Rayleigh waves induced pile is investigated in detailed. The analysis results can be utilized for the seismic design of pile foundation under Rayleigh waves.