Streambank fish-shelter structures help stabilize tributary streams in Wisconsin

 A significant proportion of stream sediment yield in North America comes from stream channel and bank erosion. One method used for stream stabilization is the bank installation of timber and stone fish-shelter structures, but there is little evidence for their potential effectiveness. Nine to nineteen years of precise survey data from Coon Creek, Wisconsin, however, show that fish structures enhance sediment deposition along the stream and may retard lateral migration of channels. Such structures have greater utility for sediment control when streams are eroding away a high bank and replacing it with a lower bank. Received: 18 October 1996 · Accepted: 4 February 1997     

城市应急管理模型之设计

随着城市建设的快速发展 ,各类危及国家和人民群众生命财产安全的突发性事故灾害时有发生 ,尽管各有关部门的抢救队伍在实施抢险救援中发挥了积极作用 ,但各抢险救援力量专业单一、分散行动 ,形成不了合力 ,难以及时有效处置重大或特大突发性、综合性、大面积的城市事故灾害 ,特别是像地震以及的美国的 9 1 1那样突发性事故。我们目前开展的震害预测与灾害快速评估系统只是针对地震的 ,而地震是小概率事件。因此要应对城市各种重大突发事件 ,城市有必要建立一种应急机制或综合的应急管理信息系统。根据“数字城市”的思想 ,通过一个通信系统与信息系统集成的平台 ,统一协调公安、消防、急救、交警、公共事业、民防、地震等政府部门 ,为市民提供快速、及时的各种救助和相应的服务。统一报警、统一指挥、快速反应、联合行动 ,从而有效地减少损失。     

第二松花江干流区地下水信息管理数据库系统开发与研制

介绍了第二松花江干流区地下水信息管理数据库系统的开发环境及总体设计。在分析与地下水有关的数据信息的基础上,提出了较为合理的地下水信息管理数据库系统的结构。将该系统按其功能分为5个子系统基础子系统、数据信息管理子系统、区域信息管理子系统、动态绘图子系统、水资源评价子系统,并对5个子系统的功能进行了详细阐述。     

Earthquake Disaster Management and Insurance

As one of the most powerful tools to reduce the earthquake loss, the Earthquake Disaster Management [EDM] and Insurance [EI] have been highlighted and have had a great progress in many countries in recent years. Earthquake disaster management includes a series of contents, such as earthquake hazard and risk analysis, vulnerability analysis of building and infrastructure, earthquake aware training, and building the emergency response system. EI, which has been included in EDM after this practice has been done for many years, include these contents: insurance model, financing. This paper presents the development of china in EDM and EI. The main contents include: (1) the statue and trend of earthquake disaster management and insurance in china; (2) the progresses and new methods about the seismic risk zonation and vulnerability analysis, and the future developing trend, the application of GIS in earthquake disaster assessment is introduced; (3) the way and illustration in building the earthquake disaster e     

谈现代企业制度下的内部审计

现代企业必须建立严密的、完善的控制系统，严格的、科学的管理制度，有效的、畅通的运行机制，才能保证经营目标的实现。内部审计可以及时发现经营管理中的薄弱环节和存在的漏洞，及时、准确提醒企业决策者采取措施加以改进，有利于企业不断发展壮大。     

21世纪中国地质灾害防治形势与减灾战略思考

文章论述了21世纪中国地质灾害减灾面临的形势是既存在许多有利条件又存在多方面困难而面临严重挑战。提出21世纪地质灾害减灾战略：1．建立地质灾害防治安全维护体系；2．优先安排西部地区地质灾害防治工程，实施地质灾害风险管理；3．建立矿山地质灾害防治监督管理体系；4．城市地质灾害防治与土地利用相结合；5．加强我国地质环境监测与网站建设；6．针对地质灾害区域分布规律，采取分区减灾对策；7．加大地质灾害防治投入力度。     

MapInfo在矿山生产勘探管理中应用的探讨

根据MapInfo在其它领域应用的原理，利用其包含图形信息对象的数据表是图形和数据之间有机结合的概念，从矿山生产勘探的管理特点出发，论述MapInfo在矿山生产勘探过程中对勘探资料图和储量计算表的对应管理，探讨了矿山生产勘探的管理过程数字化的一种新方法。     

库区塌岸空间信息管理系统构建

以ArcGIS为平台，扩展其专业功能，建立一套集库区塌岸预测与防治有关的基本信息采集、信息管理、预测评价，以及塌岸防治工程决策于一体的“库区塌岸信息管理系统及防治决策支持系统”。建立起库区各数据库和各库岸段的塌岸模式数据库，结合典型塌岸防治实例、专家经验、专家知识，建立塌岸防治决策支持系统，为库区塌岸防治工程的宏观决策提供技术支撑，同时也可对重大灾情进行及时预警预报提供数据支撑。     

A Numerical Study on Coastal Defence at Chennai and Related Management Strategies

Chennai coast, right from the inception of Madras harbourin the year 1876, has been experiencinghostile conditions such as (i) coastal erosion, (ii) sandbar formation at the entrance to inlets, (iii) sea water ingression and (iv) change insea bed elevation, etc. In addition, construction of a new satellite harbour, about18 km north of Madras harbour has produced a negative impact on the delicatecoastal features such as (i) Pulicat lake, (ii) Ennore shoals, etc. Construction ofthis satellite harbour has led to the accumulation of sand south of the southbreakwater of the harbour and its accelerated growth is of concern to an inletlocated 2.6~km south of the harbour. `Coastal erosion', a perennial problemassociated with north Chennai sea front for the past 100 years has been addressedin this paper. The paper discusses on a long term solution and details of themethodologies to be adopted for effective management of the coast. Thesolution presented in this paper is based on numerical model study consideringthe nearshore currents and wave induced sediment transports.     

太湖生态环境演化及其原因分析

太湖地处长江下游三角洲,水域面积为2338km²,平均水深1.9m,最大水深不足2.6m,为一典型的大型浅水湖泊。太湖流域地势平坦,河网密布,河湖水力关系复杂。其主要补给径流来自西南部的天目山区及西部的宜溧河流域。每年夏天,大部分入湖洪水通过位于东太湖的太浦河及东北部的望虞河分别排入黄浦江与长江,由于出入湖河道的特殊位置,使得太湖南部的换水周期较短而北部较长。近几十年来,太湖由于污染而逐步呈现富营养化特征,污染物主要来自北部的无锡市和常州市,通过河道排入太湖北部的五里湖与梅梁湾,因此上述两地的水质较南部差。在东太湖,水产养殖对水环境的影响很大,亦呈现出富营养化特征,并殃及该地区的供水,加之该地区为太湖主要的泄洪通道,因此泥沙淤积严重,而且水生植物生长旺盛,呈现出明显的沼泽化趋势;在太湖四周地区,由于湖泊围垦和水利工程建设,其污染净化能力将降低,从而加速水环境恶化的趋势。太湖所面临这些问题,有待于强化湖泊科学管理来解决。