厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)足丝蛋白mcofp3和mcofp6的cDNA克隆及序列分析

通过设计特异性引物,采用PCR扩增的方法对厚壳贻贝足腺细胞cDNA文库进行筛选,共克隆得到14条厚壳贻贝mcofp3的cDNA序列和8条mcofp6的cDNA序列,并对其基因序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行了序列比对和变异位点初步分析。结果表明,14条mcofp3cDNA序列分属于厚壳贻贝mcofp3家族的两个亚家族,其成熟肽序列变异相对活跃;而8条mcofp6 cDNA序列并无明显的亚家族划分,序列相对保守。本次实验所获得的mcofp cDNA序列初步显示了厚壳贻贝足丝蛋白家族基因的分子多样性,为将来深入了解厚壳贻贝足丝蛋白的分子多样性机制以及在此基础上开发相关的新型生物黏附剂奠定了基础。     

同种罗非鱼(Tilapia)不同地区选育群体的遗传多样性分析

采用微卫星标记分析技术,选用36对微卫星引物对罗非鱼原始群体和引种群体进行遗传多样性分析,原始群体为中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心保种的奥利亚罗非鱼("夏奥1号",ZA)、埃及尼罗罗非鱼("99品系",ZN),引种群体为广西水产研究所从淡水渔业研究中心引进培育的奥利亚罗非鱼群体(GA)和埃及尼罗罗非鱼群体(GN)。结果显示19对引物具备多态性,比率为52.8%,ZA与GA两个群体的平均观测杂合度、平均期望杂合度、平均多态信息含量分别为0.10、0.15、0.12,遗传相似性系数为0.9867,平均近交系数(FST)与基因流(Nm)分别为0.0379、6.3408;而ZN与GN两个群体平均观测杂合度、平均期望杂合度、平均多态信息含量分别为0.37、0.49、0.43,遗传相似性系数为0.7696,平均近交系数(FST)与基因流(Nm)分别为0.1146、1.9309。分析结果表明:(1)两个奥利亚群体中ZA与GA遗传多样性小,群体间遗传距离小,相似度较高,选育出的奥利亚群体遗传结构相对稳定;(2)两个尼罗群体中ZN与GN遗传多样性适中,群体间存在一定的遗传距离,相似度低,ZN与GN两个埃及尼罗群体具备进一步选育出新品系的潜力;(3)基因座UNH896、UNH995、UNH999可应用为鉴别奥利亚群体与埃及尼罗群体的特异性标记。     

鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)脂肪酸去饱和酶和延长酶基因全长cDNA序列的克隆与分析

利用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆得到鳜鱼肝脏中控制高不饱和脂肪酸合成的脂肪酸去饱和酶(fatty acid desaturase,FAD)和脂肪酸延长酶(fatty acid elongase,ELO)基因的全长cDNA序列。FAD基因的全长cDNA序列1882bp,编码445个氨基酸,该蛋白序列含有FAD全部的特征结构区,包括3个组氨酸簇、2个跨膜区和1个细胞色素b5结构域,与其它鱼类FAD氨基酸序列的同源性为66.5%-90.1%,系统树分析显示其与欧洲鲈鱼和金头鲷等海水鱼类的亲缘关系最近。获得的ELO基因全长cDNA序列1401bp,编码294个氨基酸,该蛋白序列含有单一的氧化还原中心组氨酸簇、内质网停留信号和多个跨膜区等ELO特征结构,与其它几种鱼类ELO氨基酸序列的同源性为71.8%-86.7%,系统进化分析显示其与南方蓝鳍金枪鱼和金头鲷的亲缘关系较近。鳜鱼FAD和ELO基因全长cDNA序列的获得可为进一步研究其HUFA合成能力及调控机理奠定基础。     

深圳海域弧菌种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系研究

研究了深圳海域2008年4月、9月的水体弧菌数量、种类组成及其分布,探讨了弧菌总数及各优势类群的数量分布与环境因子间的相关关系。结果表明:弧菌总数分布具有季节性,东部海域春季(4月)的弧菌数量高于秋季(9月)的,其均值分别为1.50×104,8.89×102CFU/cm3;在西部海域秋季的略高于春季的,其均值分别为5.09×102,2.66×102CFU/cm3;弧菌数量最高值出现在大亚湾(4.40×104CFU/cm3)。弧菌的优势类群具有季节性分布特征:春季特有的优势类群有Vibrio gigantis类似种和V.splendidus类似种,秋季特有的优势类群有V.natriegens类似种;V.alginolyticus类似种是两个季节共有的优势类群,其数量春季高于秋季的。弧菌种类、数量与海水温度、盐度及细菌总数、Chl-a等环境因子有一定的相关性,其中盐度为弧菌种类及数量分布的主要影响因子。     

The concept of ecological succession applied to phytoplankton over four consecutive years in five ponds featuring a salinity gradient

The distribution of phytoplankton abundance, biomass and species composition coupled with environmental factors and metazooplankton was studied relatively intensively and over a period of four consecutive years in five ponds featuring a gradient of increasing salinity from near to that of sea water to a nine-fold concentration from 2000 to 2003. The results indicate that the physical characteristics of the water (temperature and salinity) were quite similar over the years. Nutrients, which were concentrated in pond A1, decreased with increases in salt concentration. The composition of the phytoplankton community showed strong seasonality. Diatoms dominated in the first ponds A1, A16 and C2-1, followed by dinoflagellates. Chlorophyceae dominated the phytoplankton community in the hypersaline ponds M2 and TS. Cyanobacteriae were relatively abundant in ponds M2 and TS. The highest phytoplankton density and biomass were found in the ponds with the highest salinity due to the proliferation of Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta: Volvocales). The inter-annual study of phytoplankton succession in the Sfax solar salterns showed slight differences among the years of study due to the stability of the environmental conditions. Phytoplankton communities were permanently primitive, stage 1 – structured as they failed to build complexity because of salt stress which operates for longer and above any other variables. This reduced frequency of disturbance to the existing course of regulation, allowed the community to “mature” from its “primitive” state, rather than experience frequent structural setbacks.     

Challenging spatial and seasonal distribution of fish landings—The experiences from rural community quotas in Norway

In most fisheries catch per unit effort shows significant seasonal and spatial variation. Traditionally, i.e. when vessels are free to choose their harvesting strategy, 80% of the Norwegian cod is landed during the winter in a limited geographical area. To alter the seasonal and spatial supply of cod to the fish processing industry, rural community quotas were introduced. In this paper, we develop a model to predict how different vessels will adapt to the quotas introduced. The hypotheses developed are mostly confirmed in an empirical study. Theoretical, methodological, and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.     

胶州湾中部海域秋、冬季大型无脊椎动物群落结构及多样性研究

根据2008年9月~2009年2月在胶州湾中部海域进行的逐月定点底拖网调查,对该海域秋、冬季大型无脊椎动物群落结构及多样性变化进行了初步研究.结果表明,胶州湾秋、冬季共捕获大型无脊椎动物60种,其中甲壳动物和软体动物是主要的无脊椎动物类群;优势种组成具有较明显的月间变化,主要为口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria、短蛸Octopus ocellatus、脊腹褐虾Crangon affinis等湾内定居性种类及洄游性较小的种类.Margalef种类丰富度指数范围为1.998~4.669,自9月起逐月递减,11月达到最低值,随后又逐月升高,2月达到最高值;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数范围分别为1.325~2.500和0.422~0.693,逐月变化趋势与物种丰富度指数基本一致.多样性指数与海域温度、盐度和深度等环境因子均无显著性相关.多元统计分析表明,胶州湾中部海域秋、冬季大型无脊椎动物群落可划分为2个时间组群;组群间群落种类组成结构差异不显著.     

Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal

This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.     

人工育珠对三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)遗传基因影响的初步研究

采用酚-氯仿和试剂盒两种提取法对三角帆蚌怀珠群与非怀珠群各6个个体进行基因组DNA的提取,然后在优化RAPD(随机扩增多态性DNA)检测条件基础上,从80个随机引物中筛选出12个扩增较好且多态性强的引物进行RAPD扩增,产物通过水平板琼脂糖凝胶电泳和垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳两种方法进行检验并对DNA的多态性进行分析。结果显示在怀珠群和非怀珠群检测到的位点数、多态位点比例、平均Shannon多态性信息指数、平均Nei's基因多样性指数、群体内个体间平均遗传相似率和平均遗传距离分别为100、33%、0.1927、0.1324、0.904、0.096,95、47.37%、0.2711、0.1879、0.861、0.139,群体间的平均遗传距离为0.821,非怀珠群的变异性大于怀珠群;本研究还获得了两群体各自的特异扩增谱带及两群体间表达差异较大谱带,这些位点很可能是由人工育珠所引起。根据MEGA4.0软件的UPGMA和NJ程序构建的分子系统树可直观地将两群体分开。