一种虚拟空间划分的室内指纹库定位方法

RSSI测量距离技术被广泛应用于距离定位的领域。针对传统的Zigbee指纹定位算法和复杂环境,文章提出了一种虚拟空间划分的Zigbee指纹库定位算法,其中包括虚拟空间划分最邻近定位算法、虚拟空间划分加权最邻近定位算法和虚拟空间划分贝叶斯定位算法。实验结果表明,在最优情况下,此方法能将定位误差抑制在1.50m。     

冬季大亚湾微表层浮游植物群落结构与DNA指纹的日变化

为了解海洋微表层浮游植物群落结构的日变化特征,于2013年12月3日清晨(6:00)、正午(12:00)、傍晚(18:00)采集了大亚湾海域3个站位微表层和次表层水样,利用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(PCR-DGGE)和显微镜观察对浮游植物DNA指纹及群落结构进行了分析比较。共分析鉴定出浮游植物79种,微表层和次表层浮分别为61种、68种,清晨、正午和傍晚观察的种类数分别为49种、61种、51种;清晨、正午和傍晚的平均细胞密度分别为1.2×106、1.6×106、1.6×106个/L,微表层和次表层平均细胞密度分别为1.72×106和1.22×106个/L。硅藻占有绝对优势,硅藻的数量百分比均在98%以上,主要优势硅藻为角毛藻(Chaetoceros spp.)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)等。微表层对总浮游植物、硅藻及优势硅藻具有明显富集作用,其中对中肋骨条藻和丹麦细柱藻的富集系数分别为4.20和5.47,富集率均为100%。浮游植物DNA指纹条带也较丰富,每个样品DNA指纹条带数为12~28条,其中傍晚指纹条带最为丰富。由于优势种类对非优势种的屏蔽作用,DNA指纹条带数低于浮游植物种类数,但在剔除数量上小于0.5%的非优势种后,DNA指纹条带数与浮游植物种类数相近,说明PCR-DGGE技术对浮游植物检测灵敏度为优势度0.5%左右。     

Geochemical Assessment and Lateral Reservoir Continuity of Asmari Reservoir Oils in the Cheshmeh-Khush Oilfield, SW Iran

A total of 6 oil samples were systematically selected from six Asmari Reservoir wells in the Cheshmeh-Khush Oilfield for geochemical evaluation of the hydrocarbon system, based on reservoir geochemistry and oil fingerprints. An investigation of the distribution patterns of normal alkanes and tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes along with characteristic biomarkers of the depositional environment and sedimentary facies, indicated that the source rock of the studied hydrocarbons was deposited in a reducing aquatic environment with a low input of terrigenous material and predominantly carbonate lithology derived from organic algal matter. The studied oil samples exhibited moderate maturity, as was further confirmed by the parameters extracted from the light hydrocarbons. Statistical clustering based on different biomarker parameters indicated the presence of two oil families. Additionally, the application of branched and cyclic compounds in the light hydrocarbons (C5–C11) to evaluate lateral continuity of the Asmari reservoir further supported the presence of the two oil families. Other evidence proved the presence of a NE–SW trending fault separating wells X5 and X6 from the other wells in the field. In other wells across the field, good lateral reservoir continuity was observed, despite the presence of faults on the northern and southern plunges of the structure.     

Identification of fuel samples from the Prestige wreckage by pattern recognition methods

A set of 34 worldwide crude oils, 12 distilled products (kerosene, gas oils, and fuel oils) and 45 oil samples taken from several Galician beaches (NW Spain) after the wreckage of the Prestige tanker off the Galician coast was studied. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was combined with chemometric multivariate pattern recognition methods (principal components analysis, cluster analysis and Kohonen neural networks) to differentiate and characterize the Prestige fuel oil. All multivariate studies differentiated between several groups of crude oils, fuel oils, distilled products, and samples belonging to the Prestige's wreck and samples from other illegal discharges. In addition, a reduced set of 13 n-alkanes out of 36, were statistically selected by Procrustes Rotation to cope with the main patterns in the datasets. These variables retained the most important characteristics of the data set and lead to a fast and cheap analytical screening methodology.     

海洋药用生物系列HPLC化学指纹图谱研究 Ⅱ.三斑海马HPLC化学指纹图谱研究

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法建立三斑海马的参考指纹图谱.运用DAD-Agilent 1100高效液相色谱仪,色谱条件:Agilent Zorbax XDB C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm;5.0 μm),乙腈-0.1%磷酸水流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长200 nm,参比波长360 nm,柱温30 ℃.结果显示建立的指纹图谱包含11个共有峰,方法的精密度、重现性和稳定性试验RSD值均小于5.0%.研究表明所建立的三斑海马的参考指纹图谱可用于药材的真伪鉴别.     

Molecular Fingerprints of Soil Organic Matter in a Typical Freshwater Wetland in Northeast China

Natural wetlands are known to store huge amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Despite the importance of this storage,uncertainties remain about the molecular characteristics of soil organic matter(SOM), a key factor governing the stability of soil organic carbon(SOC). In this study, the molecular fingerprints of SOM in a typical freshwater wetland in Northeast China were investigated using pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry technology(Py-GC/MS). Results indicated that the SOC, total nitrogen(TN),and total sulfur contents of the cores varied between 16.88% and 45.83%, 0.93% and 2.82%, and 1.09% and 3.79%, respectively. The bulk δ^13C and δ^15N varied over a range of 9.85‰, between –26.85‰ and –17.00‰, and between –0.126‰ and 1.002‰, respectively. A total of 134 different pyrolytic products were identified, and they were grouped into alkyl(including n-alkanes(C:0) and n-alkenes(C:1),aliphatics(Al), aromatics(Ar), lignin(Lg), nitrogen-containing compounds(Nc), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), phenols(Phs), polysaccharides(Ps), and sulfur-containing compounds(Sc). On average, Phs moieties accounted for roughly 24.11% peak areas of the total pyrolysis products, followed by Lg(19.27%), alkyl(18.96%), other aliphatics(12.39%), Nc compounds(8.08%), Ps(6.49%), aromatics(6.32%), Sc(3.26%), and PAHs(1.12%). Soil organic matter from wetlands had more Phs and Lg and less Nc moieties in pyrolytic products than soil organic matters from forests, lake sediments, pastures, and farmland.δ^13 C distribution patterns implied more C3 plant-derived soil organic matter, but the vegetation was in succession to C4 plant from C3 plant. Significant negative correlations between Lg or Ps proportions and C3 plant proportions were observed. Multiple linear analyses implied that the Ar and Al components had negative effects on SOC. Alkyl and Ar could facilitate ratios between SOC and total nitrogen(C/N), while Al plays the opposite role. Al was positively related to the ratio of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) to SOC. In summary, SOM of wetlands might characterize by more Phs and lignin and less Nc moieties in pyrolytic products. The use of Pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry(Py-GC/MS) technology provided detailed information on the molecular characteristics of SOM from a typical freshwater wetland.     

基于人工鱼群优化的BP神经网络WiFi指纹室内定位方法

针对传统的基于反向传播(BP)神经网络室内定位算法存在着低精度和慢收敛问题,且考虑到室内环境复杂,通常存在多径效应,无法使用信号强度衰减测距模型进行精确定位,提出一种改进的人工鱼群优化的BP神经网络WiFi指纹室内定位算法．利用人工鱼群觅食和寻优方式来提高全局寻优搜索的速度和能力,采用改进的人工鱼群算法(IAFSA)优化选取室内定位BP神经网络的权值和阈值,有效避免了传统BP神经网络的预测值易陷入局部最优的缺点,同时利用高斯滤波对信号进行去噪处理,建立采样点获取到的信号强度值(RSSI)与位置坐标的关系．实验结果证明所提方法与传统的BP神经网络方法相比,平均定位误差减少了0.75 m,平均定位精度提高32.2％,提高了定位可靠性,算法具有更好的稳定性.      

基于互补滤波融合WiFi和PDR的行人室内定位

提出了一种基于互补滤波融合Wi Fi和PDR的行人室内定位方法。首先改善Wi Fi位置指纹定位的KNN算法,通过阈值的设定,排除相似度高但实际上不可能的点,获取动态K值;然后通过行人航位推算(PDR)初始化算法,动态轨迹概率计算,确定PDR初始位置;最后在改进的Wi Fi和PDR的定位基础上,基于互补滤波原理,根据Wi Fi和PDR定位的不同特性,利用各自的定位优点,使用Wi Fi定位修正PDR的定位结果,通过相应权重参数的调整,输出最终融合定位结果。试验过程中,选取3种不同的室内环境区域,试验结果证明了该算法可大大提高室内定位的精度和稳定性。     

Ophiolites of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt:Geochemical and petrological characterization and tectonic settings

We present a compilation of published data(field,petrography,ages and geochemistry)from 73 ophiolitic complexes of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.The ophiolitic complexes,ranging in age from Neoproterozoic to Triassic.have been geochemically classified as subduction-related and subductionunrelated categories applying recent,well-established discrimination diagrams.The subductionunrelated category is further subdivided into Mid-Ocean Ridge type(MOR),a common rift-drift stage and Plume type,and the subduction-related category is subdivided into Backarc(BA),Forearc(FA).Backarc to Forearc(BA-FA)and Volcanic Arc(VA)types.The four subduction-related types define highly different geochemical features,with the BA and FA types defining end members showing subduction influence of 10%-100%and 90%-100%subduction influence,respectively,and the two other types(BAFA and VA)define values between the two end members.The subduction-related category comprises79%of the examined ophiolites,of which the BA type ophiolites is by far the dominant group,followed by the BA-FA type,and with FA and VA types as subordinate groups.The Neoproterozoic and Ordovician complexes exhibit the highest,whereas those of Silurian age exhibit the lowest subduction-influence.Of the remaining 21%subduction-unrelated ophiolites,the MOR type dominates.Both the subductionrelated and subduction-unrelated types,in particular the latter,are commonly associated with alkaline basalts taken to represent ocean island magmatism.Harzburgite,dunite,gabbro and basalt are the common lithologies in all ophiolite types,whereas the BA-FA,FA and VA types generally contain intermediate to felsic rocks,and in the FA type boninites occur.The subduction-related ophiolites types generally show low metamorphic grade,whereas greenschist.amphibolite and blueschist grades occur in the subduction-unrelated and BA types.The highly different subduction contribution(from 0 to 100%in the MOR and FA,respectively),attest to variable dips of the subducting slab,as well as variable flux of subduction-related elements into the mantle above subducting slabs,from where the ophiolite magmas got their geochemical fingerprints.As most MOR ophiolites get subducted to the deep mantle,the subduction-related ophiolites have become a dominant ophiolitic type on Earth’s surface through all times supporting the idea about the early start of Plate Tectonics.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油藏连通性特征研究——以定边-安边以南地区为例

油藏连通性评价是油田开发和管理方案中必不可少的研究内容,而原油色谱指纹技术可以发挥重要作用。鄂尔多斯盆地定边—安边以南地区中生界油藏的原油色谱指纹参数的研究结果显示,该地区铁边城、定边和姬塬井区之间相同层位原油的色谱指纹特征相差较大,表明了它们之间的油藏流体不具有连通性。同一井区范围内,上三叠统延长组相同层段油藏原油色谱指纹分布特征相似,相互间流体连通性较好,而下侏罗统延安组相同层段油藏之间的原油色谱指纹分布特征大部分差异明显,表明它们之间的连通性较差。研究地区中生界油藏原油色谱指纹特征存在差异主要与油气运移过程有关,而且与油藏所在储层的古地理位置分布关系密切。