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排序方式: 共有177条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
91.
92.
This research evaluates the economics of cost-sharing improved irrigation technologies to reduce agricultural, nonpoint-source
contamination. Irrigation and fertilization inefficiencies are modeled within a nonjoint production process to evaluate both
private and public costs of technology adoption and its effect on groundwater nitrate-contamination levels. A central Nebraska
application indicates that even without a current government subsidy, a farmer is economically better off switching from gravity-flow
to surge-flow irrigation rather than a center-pivot system. An annual government subsidy of $22.50 (US$) per hectare per year
is required over the life of a center-pivot system to make the farmer financially indifferent. However, cost-sharing center-pivot
adoption improves the groundwater contamination level, while other irrigation systems result in continued deterioration of
groundwater quality.
Received: 3 November 1998 · Accepted: 15 February 1999 相似文献
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95.
Jia-Zhong Zhang Christopher R. Kelble Charles J. Fischer Lloyd Moore 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
Water quality surveys conducted in Biscayne Bay, Florida, indicated enhanced nutrient input coupled with increased runoff as a result of precipitation associated with Hurricane Katrina. Nutrient concentrations before Katrina ranged from 0.06–24.2 μM (mean 3.3 μM) for nitrate and 0.01–0.18 μM (mean 0.1 μM) for soluble reactive phosphate. Five days after Katrina, nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.87–80.0 μM (mean 17.0 μM), with a bay-wide mean increase of 5.2-fold over pre-hurricane levels. Soluble reactive phosphate concentrations ranged from 0.07–0.62 μM (mean 0.2 μM), with a bay-wide mean increase of 2-fold over pre-hurricane levels. The maximum concentrations for both nitrate and soluble reactive phosphate were found at a water quality monitoring station near the mouth of Mowry Canal, which drains an agricultural area in the southern Biscayne Bay watershed near Homestead, Florida. At this station, nitrate and soluble reactive phosphate concentrations increased 7- and 10-fold, respectively. Storm-induced fertilizer runoff from this agricultural area caused a bay-wide increase in nutrient concentrations after Hurricane Katrina. Nutrient concentrations in the bay returned to pre-hurricane levels within three months after Hurricane Katrina, showing the resiliency of the Biscayne Bay ecosystem. 相似文献
96.
中国粮食生产潜力和化肥增产效率 的区域分异 总被引:47,自引:1,他引:47
根据我国各地区1990-1998年化肥施用量和作物产量,以粮食作物为主要研究对象,从不同年份单位播种面积的粮食产量和肥料施用量变化,求出相应的单位播种面积可能达到的粮食生产潜力,并以此为基础计算出该地区单位播种面积的粮食的增产潜力。研究表明:我国粮食单产大多在3500-5250kg/hm^2范围,粮食单产增产潜力一般在300-600kg/hm^2左右,增施化肥的增产效果一般在5-10kg/kg(粮食/化肥)范围,但是各地区的差异较大,对不同地区的比较研究表明:我国粮食单产(5372kg/hm^2)和生产潜力(7462kg/hm^2)均东部地区(高施肥水平)最高,中部地区(中等施肥水平)的粮食单产和生产潜力居中,分别为4940kg/hm^2和7216kg/hm^2,西部地区(低施肥水平)的粮食单产和生产潜力最低,分别为3844kg/hm^2和5470kg/hm^2,按播种面积计算,粮食单产的增产潜力以西部地区最高,平均达948kg/hm^2,东部地区局中,平均为754kg/hm^2,中部地区则相应较低,为714kg/hm^2,化肥增产效率(增施单位化肥的粮食增产量)以西部地区最高,达9.41kg/kg(粮食/化肥),中部地区居中,为7.17kg/kg(粮食/化肥);而东部地区最低,为-11.1kg/kg(粮食/化肥),从全国来看,东部地区虽然粮食生产潜力大,但是增产潜力很小,由于施肥量较大,增施化肥的增产效果不明显,因此,今后我国的化肥应该重点考虑投向中部和西部地区。 相似文献
97.
干旱沙漠地区春小麦的水分与氮肥利用效率研究 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
在沙坡头试验站养分循环池进行的水肥正交试验中, 研究了不同水肥条件对小麦生长和产量形成的影响及其水肥利用效率。试验结果表明, 在设计水肥条件下, 肥料因素对小麦生长和产量形成的影响大于水分因素; 中高水肥条件下, 水肥协调有利于小麦生长和获得高产。灌浆期植株上部有效叶面积的大小和维持时间与经济产量的形成有很显著的正线性相关。该地区小麦水分利用效率较高的适宜土壤水分范围在田间持水量的40%左右, 适宜的肥料(N肥)经济施用量为300kg·hm-2左右, 目标产量为7.0t·hm-2。 相似文献
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99.
Use of slow-release fertilizer and biopolymers for stimulating hydrocarbon biodegradation in oil-contaminated beach sediments 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Nutrient concentration and hydrocarbon bioavailability are key factors affecting biodegradation rates of oil in contaminated beach sediments. The effect of a slow-release fertilizer, Osmocote, as well as two biopolymers, chitin and chitosan, on the bioremediation of oil-spiked beach sediments was investigated using an open irrigation system over a 56-day period under laboratory conditions. Osmocote was effective in sustaining a high level of nutrients in leached sediments, as well as elevated levels of microbial activity and rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation. Chitin was more biodegradable than chitosan and gradually released nitrogen into the sediment. The addition of chitin or chitosan to the Osmocote amended sediments enhanced biodegradation rates of the alkanes relative to the presence of Osmocote alone, where chitosan was more effective than chitin due to its greater oil sorption capacity. Furthermore, chitosan significantly enhanced the biodegradation rates of all target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 相似文献
100.
电气石硼肥制作技术的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
硼元素是农作物生长所需的七种微量元素之一。目前给土壤补充硼元素的主要方式是施硼肥(来自硼砂矿),随着硼砂矿资源的日益减少,寻找硼替代资源日渐紧迫。笔者认为,电气石是可替代硼砂的主要矿物之一。利用电气石中硼的关键是将电气石中的硼变为可溶性硼。实验表明,高温焙烧法对电气石中硼的溶出非常有限,而用添加HF等助剂的化学法将电气石中的硼活化溶出的方法,效果较好。因此,可通过化学法先将电气石中的硼元素溶出,然后再加入部分电气石及辅料来制作电气石硼肥。 相似文献