饱水粘性土主固结理论

对饱水软粘土的预压排水主固结研究应从其排水的本质出发, 即从软土在预压过程的含水量变化上研究主固结量的变化规律, 利用土的基本性质指标导出主固结比基本公式及主固结量(沉降量)、绝对主固结量、绝对固结度等理论计算方法.与传统的算法不一样的地方是这些算法与预压荷载(即固结应力) 无关系, 直接计算出主固结的效果及评价预压排水固结地基处理卸载的可行性.利用上述基本公式亦可导出剩余主固结量、主固结速率等计算式.通过实例的分析, 证明上述理论方法与观测的数据基本相符.      

中国旱涝巨灾长期预报方法的研究

文中从影响旱涝巨灾物理机制入手,对巨灾研究采用“立体的、动态的、全方位”的思路和做法,选用1951年～2003年全国受旱涝面积七大流域主要水文站最大洪峰流量同相应的天文、海温、环流特征量等通过微机计算,从2000多万数据中选出6％相关系数大于0．4的数据建立模型图,经分析验证可知：造成我国巨灾旱涝首位是海温,其次是环流特征量;而年月太阳黑子数,日月食是做好超长期预撒因子最理想指标;近日点、远日点、立春日期三者三年滑动平均指针是计算预测巨灾早涝定量值最佳指标。     

广西木论两种珍稀濒危植物的元素背景值比较

着重分析了木论喀斯特林区珍稀濒危植物单性木兰和翠柏两种植物中13种元素的背景值,同时分析了这两种植物内的元素迁移。单性木兰和翠柏体内的元素含量顺序较相似,并且同一元素在两种植物体内的含量也较相似,但单性木兰的Si含量要比翠柏的高,而Cu的含量比翠柏的低。单性木兰和翠柏对大多数元素有较强的吸收能力,两种植物对N,P,Ca ,Cu的归还系数相似,单性木兰K,Al的归还系数比翠柏的高,但Mg,Si,Fe,Zn的归还系数比翠柏的低。单性木兰和翠柏的归还系数与吸收系数相似,说明这两种植物具有相似的地球化学特征,元素的吸收和归还处于动态的平衡之中。      

加卸载响应比理论在华南地区中强震的应用

用加卸载响应比理论对华南地区12例中强以上地震进行研究, 结果表明有8例在震前响应比值有明显的高值( Y≥ 2. 0)异常显示, 通过对响应比值随时间变化特征的分析表明, 响应比对5级左右地震有较好的中短期预测效果, 因此响应比理论可作为华南地区地震预测方法。     

Resource Partitioning Among Planktivorous Fish Larvae and Fry in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon

Resource partioning among the planktivorous stages of eight fish species occurring in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon was studied. Five species were migratory mullets that spawned in the sea (Liza ramada, L. aurata, L. saliens, Chelon labrosusandMugil cephalus), while the other three species were resident and spawned in the lagoon (Atherina boyeri, Cyprinus carpioandGambusia holbrooki).Mullet fry exhibited similar diets, based on the consumption of zooplanktonic Crustacea such as copepods and cladocerans, although adult chironomids were also important.Gambusia holbrookiandA. boyerifed on small prey such as copepod nauplii, copepodites and rotifers, whileC. carpioconsumed larger prey preferentially (cladocerans and copepods).According to the trophic overlap and niche width results, seven species pairs could be competing in the estuary, although further experimental evidence is still required.     

唐山活动断层的浅层地震精细探测

利用高分辨率浅层地震方法对唐山断层进行精细探测，得到了300m以上尤其是近地表结构的清晰图像，证明NW倾向的唐山断层在活动时，南段是一个高角度的正断层，向上错断了全新统(Q4)；北段则表现出逆断层的性质。     

光色对豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼摄食、生长和存活的影响

为探究光色对鱼类摄食、生长和存活的影响,作者在模块化小型循环水养殖系统中,以豹纹鳃棘鲈(Plectropomus leopardus)幼鱼(体长21.2 cm±1.22 cm,体质量112.46 g±2.632 g)为对象,设置5种光色环境(红、黄、绿、白和黑暗),进行了4个月的循环水养殖实验。结果表明:绿光下豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼摄食率高、饵料转化率高、饵料系数低,但不同光色下豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼的摄食不存在显著性差异(P0.05);幼鱼的体长增长,绿光组和红光组大,且与其余3组间差异显著(P0.05);幼鱼的体质量增长,绿光组最大,红光组和黑暗组次之,白光组和黄光组最小,且三者间差异显著(P0.05);各组幼鱼的肥满度并没有显著性差异(P0.05);除白光组幼鱼存活率(只有50%)最低外,其余各组幼鱼存活率均在80%以上,其中绿光组最高,为88.33%。可见,在循环水养殖生产中,绿光环境有利于豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼的摄食、生长和存活。     

Diel feeding of the transparent goby Aphia minuta (Pisces,Gobiidae) in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea in spring time

The present study provides the first estimate of the daily ration for a goby species in the Mediterranean Sea, using a new approach to determine the mass of fish stomach contents through the sum of individual prey dry mass derived indirectly from prey size. Diel feeding activity and daily ration of the pelagic goby Aphia minuta were studied under natural conditions in the coastal waters off Comacchio (Northwestern Adriatic Sea) during the spring season. A total of 318 individuals of A. minuta, collected by 14 trawls carried out on 4 consecutive days, was examined for gut contents. The diel pattern of the vacuity index and the stomach fullness index indicated that A. minuta has nocturnal feeding behaviour. The daily ration, computed over a period of 16 h, was equivalent to 2.23% wet body mass.     

Atlantic humpback dolphins Sousa teuszii in the Saloum Delta (Senegal): distribution,relative abundance and photo-identification

During October and November 2015, the first systematic survey of Sousa teuszii was carried out in the Saloum Delta (Senegal, West Africa), comprising 1 617.5 km of boat-based survey coverage. Thirty sightings were recorded in the Saloum and Diomboss rivers, and along the southern coastline. Dolphins were also observed entering the Bandiala and Djinack channels, and travelling across the border into Gambia. The initial sighting locations were 0.043–1.192 km from shore, and tracked dolphins did not move more than 2.082 km from shore. Groups comprised 1–29 animals (mean 9.3 animals), and at least three neonate calves were observed during November. The overall relative abundance was 0.018 sight. km^?1 and 0.175 ind. km^?1. Sightings were concentrated in the Diomboss where relative abundance reached 0.037 sight. km^?1 and 0.331 ind. km^?1. Non-intensive photo-identification produced a minimum population size of 103 animals, the highest recorded for S. teuszii anywhere in its range. Photo-identification also confirmed a movement of individuals between different parts of the Saloum Delta. Combined travel–forage dominated the behaviour. Dolphins were photographed capturing mullet (Mugil sp.) on three occasions. The distribution, population size and movements of S. teuszii are discussed in relation to management.