Application of food waste based diets in polyculture of low trophic level fish: Effects on fish growth,water quality and plankton density

Food waste was collected from local hotels and fish feed pellets were produced for a 6 months long field feeding trial. Three types of fish feed pellets (control diet: Jinfeng® 613 formulated feed, contains mainly fish meal, plant product and fish oil; Diet A: food waste based diet without meat and 53% cereal; Diet B: food waste based diet with 25% meat and 28% cereal) were used in polyculture fish ponds to investigate the growth of fish (grass carp, bighead and mud carp), changes in water quality and plankton density. No significant differences in the levels of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds of water body were observed between 3 fish ponds after the half-year feeding trial, while pond receiving Diet A had the highest density of plankton. The food waste combination of Diet B seems to be a better formulation in terms of the overall performance on fish growth.     

奶牛饲料使用天然矿物添加剂的研究

作者利用金华的麦饭石、沸石、膨润土、白云石等天然矿物原料按比例配成添加剂，对144头奶牛进行了对比试验，研究结果其产奶量，牛粪残留物、鲜奶化学成份、血液红细胞等检测表明：增加产奶量为15．04％（差异极显著P＜0．01），增加红细胞数为5．8％，提高粗蛋白消化率为18．8％，粗脂肪消化率为13．0％，粗纤维消化率为11．7％，调节机体对矿物元素的吸收，提高机体素质，为矿物开发利用提供理论依据。     

RELATION BETWEEN WATER TEMPERATURE, WATER EXCHANGE AMOUNT, FEED AND PRAWN DISEASE

ImooUrnONTheedycarsePiddricofprawndiscaseintheprawnculturecoastalarmsofChi-naandsoutheastAsiaresultedinnoproduCtinnoutputfromrnostprawnpondsandheaVyerenoAnclosscyumbull,l994).Upt0now,devemeasimtopreventandtreatthediseasehavenotbopresental,althoughwaterenvironmentdeteriorationisconunn-lyknowntobethekcyfactorcausingthisdhase(Jiang,l994).ThispreliIninrystudyonthereati0nsbetweenprawndiseaseandfactorsthatseriouslyaffodwatetenvirDimtalquality(WaterteInPeratllre,waterexchangeamount,andarnountSa…     

光合细菌在水产养殖中应用的研究(3)——光合细菌作为仔鱼开口饵料的价值

本文所报导的是用光合细菌作为仔鱼开口饵料的效果。实验结果表明,单纯使用光合细菌,鱼(?)成活率较高,但因营养成份不全面,仔鱼生长速度较慢;如将光合细菌和其它饵料混合使用,则仔鱼在体长、体重和成活率方面均有显著提高。     

Concentrations and distribution of elements in milled-coal, power plant ashes and stack-emitted materials in a Western Canadian coal-fired power plant

The focus of this study is to determine the concentrations and the distributions of elements of prime environmental concern （As, Cd, Cr, Cu Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and V） and other elements of environmental interest （B, Ba, Be, Co, Mn, U） in milled coals, power plant ashes, and stack-emitted materials from a Western Canadian power plant using bituminous coal. The concentrations of elements were determined using neutron activation analysis （NAA）, Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy （ICPES）, and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass spectroscopy （ICP-MS） for most elements, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption （GFAA） for Pb, and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption （CVAA） for Hg. The result of the study shows that the total rate of input is 423.5 kg/d for elements of prime environmental concern and 280 kg/d for elements of environmental interest. The concentrations of most elements in milled coal are low as compared to world coals and other Canadian milled coals. The total output of these two groups of elements is 2.9 kg/d and 110.4 kg/d, respectively. This indicates that only a small amount of the total input elements from the milled coal is emitted. Most of it is captured by the bottom and ESP ashes with the exception of the highly volatile As Hg, F, Br, and Cl. The element with highest rate of emission for elements of prime environmental concern is Se （0.73 kg/d） and B （95 kg/d） for the elements of some environmental interest.     

太平洋鳕(Gadus macrocephalus)精液超低温冷冻方法的建立及精子超微结构分析

采用分步降温法冷冻保存太平洋鳕(Gadus macrocephalus)精液,并用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术研究了精子的超微结构损伤。分析了添加剂(蛋黄)及五种抗冻剂(PG(丙二醇)、DMSO(二甲基亚砜)、EG(乙二醇)、GLY(甘油)、MeOH(甲醇))不同浓度(8%、10%、12%、14%、16%、18%)对太平洋鳕精子冷冻保存效果的影响。实验结果表明,蛋黄能够显著提高太平洋鳕冷冻保存效果(P0.05);12%PG中添加10%蛋黄保存的冻融精子运动率最高(85.87%±1.6%),显著高于其他冻存组(P0.05)。添加蛋黄的12%浓度的DMSO组解冻后精子运动速率较高,平均直线速度、平均曲线速度、平均路径速度分别达到了(120.39±20.78)μm/s、(120.39±20.78)μm/s、(155.64±12.02)μm/s,与其他各实验组差异显著(P0.05)。通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察新鲜和冻融后的鳕鱼精子发现,鲜精中75.5%精子形态结构正常、24.5%精子形态结构异常;运动率最高的冻精中67%精子形态结构正常、33%精子形态结构异常。超低温保存对太平洋鳕精子结构产生了显著影响,细胞膜破裂、线粒体肿胀变形,鞭毛脱落、断裂。     

长江口及邻近海域浮游植物现存量的上下行控制分析

利用2010—2011年度3个季节的调查资料以及广义相加模型(GAM)分析,研究了长江口及邻近海域浮游植物现存量(以叶绿素a浓度表征)的上下行控制作用。调查结果显示,在叶绿素高值区,三航次营养盐含量均比整个海区平均值偏低,且春季呈现三季节最低的磷酸盐(PO4-P)和硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)浓度(平均值分别为0.48和8.96μmol/L)以及最高的氮磷比(DIN/P为43.3),为该海域春季甲藻赤潮频发提供了有利条件。夏季叶绿素高值区的硅氮比(Si/DIN)相对整个调查区较高,而春季和秋季却相近,这与夏季藻华种类主要是硅藻相一致。春、夏两季叶绿素高值区的悬浮物浓度(TSS)在时空比较上均显著低值。浮游动物高值区分布与叶绿素高值区分布虽不完全重合,但有交叉或两者相邻。GAM模型分析结果显示,各环境因子变化对长江口及邻近海域叶绿素变化的贡献可达70%以上,且主要影响因子为盐度和营养盐,而与TSS、浮游动物生物量和温度三因子的直接相关性不显著(p0.05)。受长江冲淡水的影响,盐度与DIN、PO4-P、SiO3-Si、TSS等因子间存在显著的相关关系(p0.001),说明盐度对叶绿素变化的影响可能体现了营养盐和光照条件等因子的作用。上述研究结果表明,在长江口及邻近海域,营养盐的上行效应是浮游植物现存量的主要控制作用,而光照条件和浮游动物生物量与浮游植物现存量虽然在时空分布上存在一定的联系,但非决定性控制因素。     

Feasibility of partial replacement of fishmeal with proteins from different sources in diets of Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted in an indoor recirculation seawater system to investigate the effects of partial replacement of dietary fishmeal with proteins from five sources on the growth performance and feed utilization of Sebastes schlegeli. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated using fishmeal (FM, the control) as sole protein source, or proteins from five sources including poultry by-product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and canola meal (CNM). Fifteen percent of the crude protein provided by fish meal was replaced, respectively. The results showed that the differences in specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR) among fish fed PBM, MBM, SBM, CSM and whole FM diets were not significant. However, SGR and SR of fish fed CNM diet was significantly lower than that of other treatments. Feeding rate, feed conversion, nutrient retention showed similar patterns to that of growth. Fish fed CSM and CNM showed significantly lower apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter and gross energy than those fed others while fish fed CNM showed lower ADC of crude protein than those fed others (P<0.05). These results suggested that it was feasible to substitute 15% dietary protein provided by fishmeal with PBM, MBM, SBM and CSM, respectively, but not with CNM as the replacement with CNM reduced fish growth and feed utilization.     

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)不同生长阶段体质量的遗传变化

采用条件数量性状加性-显性遗传模型(AD),分析凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)仔虾(S1)、幼虾(S2)、成虾(S3)、亲虾(S4)阶段体质量性状的动态遗传效应。结果显示:仔虾阶段和幼虾阶段体质量非条件加性方差几乎为0,成虾阶段和亲虾阶段分别8.856和24.114,条件遗传方差分别为0.075676±0.0101、0.270944±0.0342、14.013±0.4847、25.68467±1.3631且均达到极显著水平(P0.01),非条件加性方差占表型方差的比例分别为8.062%、0.9765%、11.308%和24.636%,条件加性方差所占比例为8.132%、1.203%、36.122%和29.581%;仔虾、幼虾、成虾阶段控制凡纳滨对虾体质量性状的累加基因效应中显性效应分别占88.666%、98.664%、85.050%,亲虾阶段控制凡纳滨对虾体质量性状的累加基因效应中加性效应占遗传方差总量的60.438%;0|S1和S2|S1期间控制体质量表现的基因效应是以净显性效应为主,分别为其遗传方差总量88.666%和98.156%;S2|S3和S3|S4期间以净加性效应为主,分别为其遗传方差总量的70.386%和88.565%。结果表明,随着凡纳滨对虾生长发育进行控制体质量性状的加性效应表达呈增加趋势;在凡纳滨对虾养成阶段体质量性状主要以显性效应为主,暗示选择性杂交能有效改良其体质量性状。     

秦皇岛市气温与近地面臭氧浓度的关系分析

利用2013年1月至2014年12月和2017年1月至2019年6月秦皇岛市近地面臭氧（O₃）浓度数据和气象资料,采用广义相加模型（GAM）,运用回归分析方法和基于R语言的统计分析软件,控制气压、相对湿度、日照时数、总云量等要素的混杂效应及时间变化趋势,分析春季、夏季、秋季、冬季气温与O₃浓度的关系。结果表明：秦皇岛市O₃浓度夏季最高、春季次之,冬季最低,与气温变化趋势基本一致,呈现明显的季节变化。各季气温与O₃浓度呈非线性相关关系,拟合曲线存在拐点,拐点两侧相关效应存在明显差异,主要表现为春季日平均气温高于15.0℃时,气温每升高1℃,O₃浓度增加7.6 μg·m^-3,增长速率是气温低于15.0℃时的4.0倍;夏季日平均气温高于27.2℃时,气温每升高1℃,O₃浓度增加13.9 μg·m^-3,增长速率是气温低于27.2℃时的11.6倍;秋季日平均气温高于21.4℃时,气温每升高1℃,O₃浓度增加47.5 μg·m^-3,增长速率是气温低于21.4℃时的19.1倍;冬季O₃浓度偏低且变化较为平稳,气温对O₃浓度的变化影响不大。由于春夏两季O₃浓度基础值偏高,因此,夏季和春季气温偏高时O₃浓度快速增加现象应引起高度重视。