全站仪测距常数检定新方法

现行的光电测距仪检定规程JJG 703-2003所规定的比较法要求野外测量工作量较大。在保证检定结果精度提高的前提下,说明了全站仪与因瓦尺比对法及简单解析法两种测定加常数的操作方法和计算公式,提出了使用加常数修正野外基线测量距离后单独计算测距乘常数的思想,分析了各种方法的测量精度,利用多台全站仪的实测数据进行了计算。结果说明,加乘常数分离检定法与目前普遍实行的联合检定法比较,具有可靠性更好、精度相当、外业工作量少50%等特点。     

大规格虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)收获期主要生长性状显性效应的遗传分析

以虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)优良品系选育第二世代群体作为试验群体,分别采用只含有加性效应和包括加性和显性效应的单性状动物模型估计了体质量、头长、体长、体宽、体厚等5个主要生长性状的加性遗传力和显性方差组分比率。只含有加性效应的模型结果显示,上述5个性状的遗传力在0.16—0.48之间,多为中等或较高遗传力;同时包括加性和显性效应的模型分析结果显示,上述5个性状的显性方差组分比率在0.24—0.67之间,均处于中等或较高水平。其中体长显性方差组分比率最低,为0.24,头长显性方差组分比率最高,为0.67。此外,与简单加性模型相比,同时包括加性和显性效应的模型估计的5个性状加性遗传力均有下降,在0.14—0.42之间,但是模型改变并没有影响到各性状加性遗传力大小数值的排序关系。本研究还发现,将显性效应纳入模型后,加性方差和随机残差都出现显著下降,提示只含有加性效应的混合模型中所期望的显性效应等非加性效应都可以简单地归入随机残差并不确切,如果将显性效应纳入育种规划,可以获得更大的遗传进展。     

Water Intake and Utilization in Mithun （Bosfrontalis）： Effect of Environmental Temperature,Rearing System and Concentrate Feed Supplement

Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun （Bosfrontalis） - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region （NEHR） of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns （B. frontalis） as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems （free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation）, and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation （1.o kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet） and in two different seasons （summer and winter）. It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption （per unit of body weight） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption （drinking as well as performed water） was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly （P〈0.01） increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33 - 46 % of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8 % of body weight. It could, there     

几种添加剂对合成硬硅钙石二次粒子形貌的影响

在利用高纯度钙质、硅质原料合成硬硅钙石过程中分别加入少量的Sr(NO3)2,Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O3种添加剂对硬硅钙石二次粒子形貌的影响。实验结果表明,单纯使用高纯度原料生成硬硅钙石结晶不好,纤维不明显;在原料中加入Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O添加剂后,对于生成的硬硅钙石晶体有一定的帮助,可以看到比较明显的硬硅钙石纤维;原料中加入Sr(NO3)2添加剂后有利于生成硬硅钙石晶体,硬硅钙石二次粒子球形明显,也可以看到明显的硬硅钙石纤维;加入适当少量ZrOCl2·8H2O的添加剂后进一步可以获得结构中空的大直径超轻硬硅钙石二次粒子及良好的硬硅钙石纤维。     

基于GAM和GLM模型的西北太平洋秋刀鱼CPUE标准化比较研究

秋刀鱼（Cololabis saira）是中国在西北太平洋海域的重要的捕捞对象之一,单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE） 标准化是开展其资源评估研究的重要内容,许多统计模型被运用到CPUE标准化研究中。本文根据2003-2017年中国大陆在西北太平洋海域的秋刀鱼生产统计资料,结合卫星遥感获得的海洋环境数据如：海表面温度、海表面高度以及海温梯度等,基于广义线性模型（general linear model,GLM） 和广义加性模型（generalized additive model,GAM） 对中国大陆西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业进行CPUE 标准化,并对两种模型的结果进行了对比分析研究。通过贝叶斯信息准则选择最佳GLM和GAM模型,使用解释偏差和5-fold交差验证来对比两个模型结果。GLM模型的最佳模型对CPUE偏差的解释率为21.57%,GAM的最佳模型对CPUE偏差的解释率为38.95%。通过5-fold交差验证分析发现,GAM模型标准化结果较优于GLM模型,因此,认为GAM模型更适合于西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业CPUE标准化。     

不同培养液添加物对尼罗罗非鱼精原干细胞生长增殖的影响

【目的】探讨不同血清和细胞因子等培养液添加物对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromisniloticus)精原干细胞(Spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)生长增殖的影响。【方法】无菌取发育第Ⅲ期的尼罗罗非鱼精巢组织,用酶消化法结合差速贴壁法获得尼罗罗非鱼SSCs,在有支持细胞饲养层条件下,L-15培养液中分别添加体积分数2%、5%、10%新生牛血清(New bovine serum,NBS),体积分数1%、2%、3%罗非鱼血清以及5、10、15 ng/mL白血病抑制因子(Leukemia inhibitor factor,LIF),比较不同添加物对尼罗罗非鱼SSCs生长增殖的影响。【结果】在支持细胞饲养层上,SSCs分裂指数明显高于无饲养层的SSCs,支持细胞饲养层明显促进精原干细胞分裂增殖(P <0.01);与2%、10%NBS组相比,添加体积分数5%NBS可显著促进精原干细胞增殖(P <0.01);添加体积分数1%、2%、3%尼罗罗非鱼血清对SSCs无显著的促增殖作用(P> 0.05);添加5、10 ng/mL LIF可促进SSCs增殖,添加10 ng/mL LIF效果更佳,添加15 ng/mL LIF则抑制SSCs增殖。【结论】使用尼罗罗非鱼精巢支持细胞作饲养层,用添加体积分数5%NBS及10 ng/mL LIF的L-15培养液培养,有助于促进尼罗罗非鱼精原干细胞生长增殖。     

GAM模型在蝗虫地理格局分布研究中的应用——以黑河上游3种天然草地蝗虫为例

将基于样本调查数据的群落—地形因子回归分析与地理信息系统支持下的昆虫属性空间格局预测结合,是昆虫-地形关系定量研究的新途径.通用可加性模型(GAM)的非参数属性使之具有对不同数据类型的广泛适应性,成为这种“回归分析+空间预测”途经的有效手段.不同程度上依赖于数字高程模型的环境空间数据集是实现空间预测的必要条件.我们利用广义可加模型方法,定量分析了3种不同生态种蝗虫与地形因素的相关关系.结果表明:(1)3种不同生态种的蝗虫具有不同的模型结构、模拟效果以及结果的稳定性,反映了所受地形因子影响的差异.(2)蝗虫的广布种与地形因子关系最弱,局部地形的变化仅对其密度变化有影响;常见种受地形因子的影响明显高于广布种,同时受大尺度的海拔与微地形的剖面曲率影响;稀有种分布格局对地形条件的选择性最强,同时受限于海拔、坡度和坡向.(3)模拟结果对常见种以及稀有种的模拟全部有效;对广布种的预测基本失败.(4)模型预测变量的有效性和全面性决定了模型对数据的解释能力,非线性关系体现了蝗虫密度-地形指标的不确定性,除模型解释的变化外,其他生物因子、非生物因子以及随机因素也影响模型的可靠性.     

Compensatory growth in hybrid tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis mossambicus ×O. niloticus</Emphasis>) reared in seawater,following restricted feeding

Hybrid tilapia weighing 7.71 g were reared in seawater at 24.0–29.0°C for 8 weeks. The controls were fed to satiation twice a day throughout the experiment, whereas treatment groups were fed at 0.5%, 1.5% or 3.0% body weight per day for 4 weeks, and then to satiation for the remainder of the experiment. During the first 4-week period, there was a curvilinear relationship between growth rate and ration size. Fish fed 0.5% and 1.5% rations displayed compensatory growth response of 2 weeks duration during realimentation. The weight-adjusted growth rate of fish fed at 3% ration was not significantly different from that of the controls by the end of the experiment, when none of the treatment groups had caught up in body weight with the controls. Hyperphagia was observed for the first 2 weeks of realimenatation in fish previously fed at 3% ration, but persisted for the whole realimentation period in groups previously fed at 0.5% and 1.5% rations. None of the feed restricted groups showed improved digestibility, feed efficiency, or protein and energy retention efficiency. Supported by the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China and Shanghai Fisheries University (Grant No. 200015).     

太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)精液的超低温保存研究

筛选了六种抗冻保护剂(GLY[甘油],DMSO[二甲基亚砜],PG[丙二醇],EG[乙二醇],DMA[二甲基乙酰胺],MeOH[甲醇])及其五种不同浓度(6%,8%,10%,12%,14%,V/V)、三种稀释液(HBSS溶液,人工海水[ASW],过滤海水[FSW])、四种稀释比例(1︰1,1︰2,1︰4,1︰6)、三种添加剂(蔗糖,葡萄糖,海藻糖)、三个分步降温程序(程序A,程序B,程序C)对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)精液冷冻保存的影响,成功建立了太平洋牡蛎精液超低温保存方法:以10%DMSO为抗冻保护剂,HBSS溶液为稀释液,1:4的稀释比例,添加海藻糖,采用分布降温法冷冻保存太平洋牡蛎的精液,37°C水浴解冻后精液运动率达到71.27%±3.24%,显著高于其它实验组(P0.05),受精率和孵化率分别达到95.04%±1.99%、93.33%±1.33%,与鲜精(88.89%±15.16%,94.90%±0.95%)、程序冷冻前精液(95.96%±2.15%,92.67%±14.83%)差异不显著(P0.05),证明该太平洋牡蛎精液超低温保存方法可以应用于生产实践和科学研究中。     

Synthesis of large diamond crystals containing high-nitrogen concentration at high pressure and high temperature using Ni-based solvent by temperature gradient method

This paper reprots that with Ni-based catalyst/solvent and with a dopant of NaN₃, large green single crystal diamonds with perfect shape are successfully synthesized by temperature gradient method under high pressure and high temperature in a China-type cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus (SPD-6×1200), and the highest nitrogen concentration reaches approximately 1214-1257 ppm calculated by infrared absorption spectra. The synthesis conditions are about 5.5 GPa and 1240-1300 ℃. The growth behaviour of diamond with high-nitrogen concentration is investigated in detail. The results show that, with increasing the content of NaN₃ added in synthesis system, the width of synthesis temperature region for growth high-quality diamonds becomes narrower, and the morphology of diamond crystal is changed from cube-octahedral to octahedral at same temperature and pressure, the crystal growth rate is slowed down, nevertheless, the nitrogen concentration doped in synthetic diamond increases.