药剂真空预压排水方法处理废弃泥浆的试验研究

针对温州永嘉世界贸易中心工程钻孔桩的废弃泥浆,通过添加相同的化学药剂结合真空预压采用不同的排水方法进行了模型桶试验,从排水速率、排水总量和含水率等方面对比研究。试验发现：改进排水方法后,废弃泥浆含水率在短时间内（80 h内）从处理前的180%～190%,降低到处理后的60%～80%。研究表明,药剂真空预压改进排水方法后处理废弃泥浆的效果十分显著。     

石膏尾矿墙体材料的研究

通过实验确定了生产石膏尾矿墙体材料的配合比及CaO、复合外加剂的最佳掺量，利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜以水化产物的种类及结构形态进行了分析研究，并对其物理力学性能做了测试与分析。     

土壤强固剂加固红土的力学特性

红土样中加入土壤强固剂可以显著改善土体性能，提高强度，减小变形，其加固机理可用等效压力等效剪应变的概念来解释，加固实质就是增强了土颗粒之间的连接力和摩擦力，加固效果相当于提高了作用于试样的垂直压力和破坏剪应力，减少了破坏剪应变，可以用加固效果系数来衡量，各应力－应变特性参数随着垂直压力的增大而增大，但增大的程度逐渐减小，强度加固效果系数和同水平剪应变加固效果系数与垂直压力呈反比，破坏剪应加固效果系数与垂直压力呈正比。     

天气雷达接收功率标定的检验方法探讨

通过把测试信号输入功率换算到雷达天线喷口处接收功率的计算，由雷达气象方程可计算出其雷达反射率z值，和经雷达接收功率定标后，此测试输入功率在雷达正常观测模式显示的雷达反射率z值相比较，以检验天气雷达接收功率标定的误差是否满足技术要求。     

高纯无硒电解金属锰混合添加剂的研制

采用新型无硒混合添加剂制取高纯无硒电解金属锰，可以使电解金属锰中硒含量控制在O．001％以内，锰含量达到“三九”锰标准，具有显著的经济价值。     

Criteria to Compare Estimation Methods of Regionalized Compositions

The additive logratio (alr) transformation has been used in several case studies to predict regionalized compositions using standard geostatistical estimation methods such as ordinary kriging and ordinary cokriging. It is a simple method that allows application to transformed data all the body of knowledge available for geostatistical analysis of coregionalizations without a constant sum constraint. To compare the performance of methods, it is customary to use a univariate crossvalidation approach based on the leaving-one-out technique to evaluate the performance for each attribute separately. For multivariate observations this approach is difficult to interpret in terms of overall performance. Therefore, we propose using appropriate distances in real space and in the simplex, to improve the crossvalidation approach and, going a step forward, to adapt the concept of stress from multidimensional scaling to obtain a global measure of performance for each method. The Lyons West oil field of Kansas is used to illustrate the impactof using different distances in the performance of ordinary kriging versus ordinary cokriging.     

Productivity, management and development problems in the arid rangelands of the central Mendoza plains (Argentina)

The central Mendoza plains (56,000 km²), located in the eastern foothills of the Andes, belong to the vast phytogeographic province of ‘Monte’ (c.500,000 km²) in Argentina. This area is a typical warm arid zone and vegetation is typically a shrubland. Perennial grasses are predominantly C₄species. Land-use is for livestock grazing; the average stocking rate is 28 ha per large stock unit (LSU), year-long. Ecological and range research have been actively pursued in the region by IADIZA over the past 25 years. Two experiment stations were established 25 and 10 years ago, respectively: The Ñacuñán Biosphere Reserve and the El Divisadero Cattle and Range Station. Primary production and its relationship to climatic and edaphic parameters were analysed and compared in the two stations. Rain-use efficiency (RUE, kg DM ha⁻¹year⁻¹mm⁻¹) and useful rains efficiency (URE, P −0·1 PETp) were similar in both cases (RUE = 1·7 and 2·0; URE = 3·0 and 2·9, respectively), when herbs are concerned. However, the variability of annual production was much higher on the silty soils of Ñacuñán than on the coarse sands of El Divisadero; PRVR (Production to Rain Variability Ratio) was 2·5 and 0·53, respectively. Utilization of such experimental figures allows for the prediction of primary production and carrying capacity for a given year, based on rainfall probabilities and, therefore, to determine stocking rates in a rational manner. Basing stocking rates on annual dependable rains (f 0·8) and on useful rains probability (P − 0·1 PETp) proved to be a sound and realistic assessment, validated by long-term experiments and experience. The results of the studies on brush control, cattle diet composition, animal productivity and feed value of forage species were analysed. Current and future research programmes in IADIZA for the Mendoza plains are mentioned. Although research on resource inventory and basic ecological processes in the Mendoza plains should carry on, the emphasis and therefore the resources should henceforth be devoted to the consequences of resource management alternatives on overall arid land productivity, i.e. research for development. A better integration of applied ecology for management and investigations on basic arid land ecological processes should appear in IADIZA programmes.     

全站仪精密距离放样的作业准备

本文从理论上分析了全站仪距离放样前应设置的各项作业参数,特别是对关系到从高斯平面距离化算为实地平距的坐标格网因子的计算提供了实用公式,对精密工程放样有实际指导意义。     

Diatoms from the genus Achnanthidium in flowing waters of the Appalachian Mountains (North America): Ecology, distribution and taxonomic notes

Diatoms from the genus Achnanthidium are abundant in rivers, streams, and springs of the Appalachian Mountains. They inhabit clean and polluted waters, including those affected by acid mine drainage. The identification of Achnanthidium taxa is difficult due to their small cell size and insufficient information in the diatom floras. We studied the taxonomy and ecology of Achnanthidium in Appalachian rivers by analyzing a data set of benthic diatom samples and corresponding water chemistry data collected during several water-quality surveys from 181 sampling sites. Ten species were identified using scanning electron and light microscopy: A. alpestre (Lowe & Kociolek) Lowe & Kociolek, A. atomus (Hustedt) Monnier, Lange-Bertalot, & Ector, A. deflexum (Reimer) Kingston, A. duthii (Sreenivasa) Edlund, A. eutrophilum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot, A. cf. gracillimum (Meister) Lange-Bertalot, A. cf. latecephalum Kobayasi, A. minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki (sensu lato), A. reimeri (Camburn) comb. nov., and A. rivulare Potapova & Ponader. The distribution of common taxa in relation to water chemistry was studied by fitting non-parametric regression models (generalized additive models, GAM, and non-parametric multiplicative regression models, NPMR) to species relative abundances. Studied Achnanthidium species differed considerably in their responses to water chemistry. These results suggest that species-level identifications will lead to more accurate bioassessments.     

利用GAM模型分析表温和时空因子对西北太平洋海域柔鱼资源状况的影响

根据1996～2001年6～11月西北太平洋海城柔鱼生产统计及其表温数据,利用GAM模型分析了表温、月份、经玮度等因子对柔鱼资源状况的影响。分析结果认为,经纬度、月份和表温对CPUE都有较大的影响。160°E以西海域CPUE高,而165°E以东海域CPUE低,并主要集中在40°N～43°N海域。一般在8～10月的CPUE最大。柔鱼分布的各海域其表温不相同,150°E以西海域表温为13～18℃;150°E～165°E海域为14～18℃,165°E-180°E海域为11～14℃。