投喂频率对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)生长、饲料利用及虾体组成影响的初步研究

本实验选用商品饲料饲养平均初体重为0．09g的南美白对虾，经过30d的生长实验，研究不同投喂频率对南美白对虾生长、成活以及饲料利用的影响。结果表明，随着投喂频率由3次／天增加到5次／天，南美白对虾的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著提高，而饲料系数则显著降低，但当投喂频率由5次／天增加到7次／天时，南美白对虾增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率并无显著提高。对对虾全虾体主要组成成分的分析表明南美白对虾体主要组成成分并不受投喂频率增加的影响。     

关于马尾藻代替部分粮食和矿物质饲喂肉鸡的探讨

用含有5％、10％和15％的马尾藻组成的饲料饲喂肉用仔鸡,发现10％以内对肉用仔鸡的生长速度没有不良影响,但10％与15％的马尾藻饲料对饲料利用效率降低。只有5％的马尾藻组与对照组相近,10％和15％的海藻组均比对照组低。用3％的马尾藻粉代替微量元素添加剂,发现其生长速度和饲料利用效率均高于对照组,生长速率提高4.7—7.7％,饲料利用效率比对照组高3.2％—6.0％。马尾藻饲料组对仔鸡的成活率没有影响     

Effect of some additives on synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

Hydrothermal conversion of fly ash into zeolites was conducted and the effects of the addition of sodium halide and waste solutions produced after zeolitization of fly ash, as well as the adjustment of the Si/Al ratio prior to synthesis process on the formation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of zeolite product were evaluated. Both the addition of NaCl and NaF ameliorated the crystallinity and CEC of synthesized zeolite, but NaF had a better improvement effect. Na⁺ was considered to enhance the crystallization of zeolite, while F⁻ favored the dissolution of fly ash. The type of zeolite formed depended on the Si/Al ratio of the starting material prior to the nucleation and crystallization of zeolite. The adjustment of the Si/Al ratio of fly ash by addition of Na₂SiO₄ and Al(OH)₃ changed the type and CEC of zeolite. Waste solutions contained large amount of Si and little Al due to the formation of a zeolite named NaP1 in zeolite terminology with the Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standard (JCPDS) code of 39-0219. The alkalinity decreased largely. As a result, the CEC value of zeolite products synthesized with waste solution as alkali source decreased. The supplementation of new alkali to adjust the alkalinity of waste solution could enhance the CEC of synthesized product. It was concluded that: (1) addition of sodium halide and adjustment of the Si/Al ratio prior to synthesis can improve the quality of zeolite; (2) waste solutions produced following the zeolitization of fly ash can be reused as an alkali source in the activation of fly ash; zero-emission of waste solution in the synthesis of zeolite from fly ash is possible.     

Studies on flow characteristics of coal–oil–water slurry system

Experiments were carried out to investigate the rheological properties of coal–oil–water suspension containing solids of different sizes. Two different coal samples with mean particle sizes of 120 mesh, 175 mesh and 220 mesh were used. The coal concentration was varied from 5% to 25% by weight. Sodium silicate has been used as an additive to study the behavior of the variation of average viscosity of the suspension. A generalized correlation has been developed to predict the average viscosity of suspension in terms of particle diameter of the coal, concentration of coal, viscosity of the suspending medium and the concentration of water. Experimental investigations revealed that coal–oil–water suspensions show an increase in the viscosity with decrease in coal size but with the addition of an additive, the average viscosity tends to decrease initially up to a certain optimum dosages and thereafter it increases with further addition of additives. Two empirical correlations are proposed for average viscosity of the coal–oil–water suspension, μ_sL in terms of physical properties of the solid and viscosity of the suspending medium with and without additives.     

添加剂对土体的加固作用及冻胀防治研究

将研制的高分子有机材料作为添加剂，加入到土体中，经过拌和夯实、干燥固结，能够起到稳定和提高土体的强度，并具有低渗透和低吸水等特性．冻胀试验表明：加入添加剂不仅能阻止土体冻胀的产生、外来水源的入侵及水分的迁移，还能隔断土体孔隙之间的联系，使水分在土体孔隙中不能运移，从而达到了防治冻胀的目的。     

Multiple statistical approaches for the discrimination of mangrove species of Rhizophoraceae using transformed field and laboratory hyperspectral data

This study aims at discriminating eight mangrove species of Rhizophoraceae family of Indian east coast using field and laboratory spectra in spectral range (350–2500 nm). Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were applied on spectral data in four spectral modes: (i) reflectance (ii) continuum removed, (iii) additive inverse and (iv) continuum removed additive inverse. We introduced continuum removal of inverse spectra to utilize the advantage of continuum removal in reflectance region. Non-parametric test gave better separability than parametric test. Principal component analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis were applied for feature reduction and to identify optimal wavelengths for species discrimination. To quantify the separability, Jeffries–Matusita distance measure was derived. Green (550 nm), red edge (680–720 nm) and water absorption region (1470 and 1850 nm) were found to be optimal wavelengths for species discrimination. The continuum removal of additive inverse spectra gave better separability than the continuum removed spectra.     

南沙群岛海域长腹剑水蚤(Oithona spp.)的种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系

中小型桡足类是海洋食物网中重要的中间环节,在碳循环里细菌碳和藻类碳向高营养级转化的过程中扮演重要角色。本文通过分析2013年3—4月、6—7月、9—10月和11—12月南沙群岛海域(111°30′E—112°30′E,4°30′N—11°30′N)的生态环境调查数据,对长腹剑水蚤属(Oithona)的种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明:(1)南沙群岛海域共出现长腹剑水蚤15种(包括1个未定种),其中线长腹水蚤(Oithona linearis)、粗长腹剑水蚤(O.robusta)和长刺长腹剑水蚤(O.longispina)为南沙群岛海域首次记录,长腹剑水蚤属种类组成沿水深变化的现象较为明显,该属虽然在南沙群岛海域广泛分布,但单种的出现频率较低,其种类出现的季节性较强;(2)南沙群岛海域的长腹剑水蚤可以划分为常见广布组群Ⅰ和低频组群Ⅱ;(3)长腹剑水蚤年均栖息密度为30ind./m3,季节变化呈单峰型,秋季最高、冬季最低,高数量区主要出现在受南沙西部沿岸流和东部沿岸流影响的近岸海域;(4)在0—750m水深范围内,长腹剑水蚤数量沿水深梯度的垂直变化明显,呈现由浅至深数量明显减少的趋势,长腹剑水蚤主要集中分布在0—75m的水层中,75—500m数量急剧降低至最低后,在500—750m基本维持不变;(5)GAM分析表明,纬度、海水温度、盐度和叶绿素a浓度对长腹剑水蚤数量均有影响,以纬度的影响最为显著,其中长腹剑水蚤属最适温度为28.6—29.2℃,最适盐度为32.6—33.2,最适叶绿素a浓度为5—10μg/L;(6)长腹剑水蚤属更适栖息于低温和低盐,且受沿岸流影响的环境中。因此,其数量分布的季节变化与季风驱动的沿岸流势力强弱密切相关。     

浙江省三疣梭子蟹产量波动及潜在影响因素分析

依据2000—2015年浙江省三疣梭子蟹(Portunustrituberculatus)渔获量的数据,以及影响渔获量的因素(管理类因素、环境类因素和营养关系类因素等共11个因子),使用广义加性模型(GAM)对各类因素对三疣梭子蟹渔获量的影响进行了分析。结果显示,赤潮面积、捕捞努力量和放流数量对三疣梭子蟹渔获量影响显著(P0.01)。3个因子的累积解释比率达98.3%,其中,赤潮的解释比率最大,达到47.2%,捕捞努力量的解释比率为37.8%,放流数量的解释比率为13.3%。三疣梭子蟹渔获量随着赤潮面积增加有所减少,随着捕捞努力量的加大有迅速增加的趋势,与放流尾数呈现正相关趋势。三疣梭子蟹渔获量的波动受诸多因素的影响。今后需开展更深入的研究,找到可能影响三疣梭子蟹渔获量的其他关键因素。     

全站仪内供电系统的保养

全站仪是由电子经纬仪与光电测距仪组合的仪器,是集自动测距、测角、计算、数据存储及数据传输于一体的自动化、数字化及智能化的三维坐标测量与定位系统,是一种当今广泛应用于大地测量、工程测量、数字化测图的电子测量仪器,是现代测绘行业最主要、最普通的测绘仪器,仪器的维护和供电系统的保养,已经成为测绘生产单位的一项工作。     

山东南部近海秋季长蛇鲻相对资源量的分布及其影响因素

为探究长蛇鲻(Saurida elongate)的生态习性和分布规律,并为长蛇鲻资源的合理利用与养护提供科学依据,本文根据2016年秋季在山东南部近海进行的渔业资源与环境调查数据,分析了该海域长蛇鲻的分布特征,研究长蛇鲻成体、幼体的分布差异,并利用广义可加模型(GAM)研究其分布与生物因子和环境因子的关系。结果表明,长蛇鲻成体与幼体的分布存在差异,成体分布范围广,幼体主要分布在30 m等深线及以浅水域。GAM模型的结果表明,饵料生物、底层水温、水深和底层盐度是影响长蛇鲻相对资源量分布的主要因子。成体、幼体的分布与影响因子的关系差异极显著(P<0.01)。长蛇鲻成体的相对资源量随饵料生物和底层水温的增加表现为先上升后下降的趋势,而幼体呈现一致上升趋势;成体和幼体的相对资源量随水深增加均呈下降趋势;幼体相对资源量随底层盐度增加有明显上升趋势,而盐度对成体的影响不显著。本研究认为山东南部近海是长蛇鲻的重要栖息地,水温和盐度是成体和幼体分布差异的可能原因。