厦门港三叶坚固水母的寄生生活史研究

本地厦门港寄生于半球美螅水母宿主上的三叶坚固水母的生活史进行了研究。描述了该种寄生水母各期纪体的形态特征、发育过程、附着方式和营养来源等,并讨论了生在不同宿主上的发育方式、寄生同种宿主上不同种类各期幼体特征。阐明了筐水母与其它水母的亲缘关系。     

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)高温胁迫应答基因应激表达特性的分析

采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对刺参高温胁迫抑制性消减cDNA文库中2个上调表达差异基因hsp70和l(2)efl,2个下调表达差异基因pcsk9和myp,在不同温度、不同胁迫时间以及不同组织中的应激表达特性进行了分析.在15-30℃范围内,温度越高hsp70和l(2)efl基因相对表达量越多;而pcsk9、myp基因随着温度升高其表达量下降.在30℃高温胁迫0-3h时间内,hsp70表达量的变化最为显著,表现为先升后降再升;l(2)efl在1h后开始明显的上调表达,在2.5h之后呈下降趋势;pcsk9和myp基因表现为表达下调,表达量最小值分别在3h和2h.常温下hsp70、l(2)efl和pcsk9均在体壁中的表达量最高,在呼吸树中表达量最少,myp在消化道中表达量最高,在纵肌中表达量最少;高温胁迫后hsp70、l(2)efl均在呼吸树中上调表达量变化最显著;pcsk9和myP分别在呼吸树和纵肌中下调表达量变化最显著.这4种基因通过表达产物量的变化或作为功能蛋白直接参与代谢调节,或作为调节蛋白调控胁迫功能蛋白的表达及活性来提高刺参对高温胁迫的耐受能力.     

Generation and Application of A Standardized Load-Time History to Tubular T-joints in Offshore Platforms

Marine structures are mostly made of metals and always experience complex random loading during their service periods. The fatigue crack growth behaviors of metal materials have been proved from laboratory tests to be sensitive to the loading sequence encountered. In order to take account of the loading sequence effect, fatigue life prediction should be based on fatigue crack propagation (FCP) theory rather than the currently used cumulative fatigue damage (CFD) theory. A unified fatigue life prediction (UFLP) method for marine structures has been proposed by the authors’ group. In order to apply the UFLP method for newly designed structures, authorities such as the classification societies should provide a standardized load-time history (SLH) such as the TWIST and FALSTAFF sequences for transport and fighter aircraft. This paper mainly aims at proposing a procedure to generate the SLHs for marine structures based on a short-term loading sample and to provide an illustration on how to use the presented SLH to a typical tubular T-joint in an offshore platform based on the UFLP method.     

海捕大管鞭虾(Solenocera melantho)调理食品在常温保藏中的货架期预测及产品质量分析

本文测定了海捕大管鞭虾(Solenocera melantho)(又称红虾)调理食品在不同温度保藏中的细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、pH值及感官评价等参数。通过对虾肉色泽、组织质构、风味和外形四个方面的检测,综合各项指标决定将TVB-N作为该产品质量变化和推测货架期时长的关键指标。将各温度下测定的TVB-N值代入线性方程组计算出反应活化能E_a为55.21 k J/mol,指前因子k_0为1.08×10~9。利用Arrhenius方程外推法计算得出在20°C和25°C温度下TVB-N值变化速率常数分别为k_(20°C)=0.1405和k_(25°C)=0.2386,从而进一步确定该条件下保藏的理论货架期分别为153.6d和92.1d。经质构仪分析红虾虾仁的硬度与弹性变化,综合感官评定结果和其它测定值,确定海捕红虾产品在常温贮藏中的货架期为3个月。本研究为常温下红虾调理食品的保藏提供了理论依据。     

Subalpine koura,Paranephrops planifrons (Decapoda), in Tongariro National Park: Zoogeographic implications

Koura, Paranephrops planifrons, were found up to 1260 m a.s.l. in a subalpine area of Tonga‐riro National Park in May and July 1978. Their habitat is described briefly, and possible factors limiting the distribution and abundance of high altitude populations of freshwater crayfish are listed. It is suggested that all mountains may not necessarily form absolute zoogeographic barriers to koura; the kind of mountain and the ecological milieu may be more important.     

Diel changes in the abundance and size composition of invertebrate drift in five rivers in South Island,New Zealand

Drift was collected over 24‐h periods in five rivers in South Island, New Zealand, to determine whether diel periodicity was consistent across a range of river types, and whether the pattern was similar for different life stages/sizes of selected taxa. Total drift density (numbers per 100 m³ ) of aquatic invertebrates was greater at night than during the day in all rivers; peak abundance occurred shortly after sunset in clear water rivers and shortly before sunrise in a turbid, glacier‐fed river. Densities of drifting Deleatidium spp., Nesameletus spp. (both Ephemeroptera), Aoteapsyche spp., and Hydrobiosidae (both Trichoptera), were generally greater at night than during the day. However, the timing of peak abundance in the drift for other common taxa varied between rivers. Larger Deleatidium spp. larvae (> 1.00 mm head width) were more common in the drift at night than during the day in all rivers. However, this was not apparent for Aoteapsyche spp. and Hydrobiosidae, for which diel differences in the size of drifting animals were not consistent even within the same river. The propensity for some aquatic invertebrates to drift at night may influence fish feeding behaviour, particularly with respect to the timing of feeding and the species or life history stages of their prey.     

半潜平台疲劳热点应力长期分布参数研究

明确热点应力长期Weibull分布的参数是船舶与海洋工程结构应用疲劳简化分析方法的关键之一。以某深水半潜式平台为研究对象,通过整体结构有限元计算得到热点应力传递函数,结合波浪散布图计算热点应力长期分布概率函数,采用最小二乘法对热点应力长期Weibull分布进行参数估计。研究结果可为疲劳简化分析方法在半潜平台上的应用提供参考。     

Variation in population structure and life-history parameters of steentjies Spondyliosoma emarginatum: effects of exploitation and biogeography

The size and age structures, sex ratio, size- and age-at-sex-change, growth and mortality rate of the protogynous hermaphrodite, steentjie Spondyliosoma emarginatum, were compared to determine the effects on population structure and life-history parameters of exploitation (comparing an unexploited reserve and an exploited area in Langebaan Lagoon) and biogeography (comparing Langebaan Lagoon and Struisbaai on the south-west coast of South Africa). There were few large fish and a sex ratio skewed towards relatively more females in the exploited area compared with the reserve in Langebaan. The age structure of female steentjies was truncated in the exploited area but the male age structure was unaffected, possibly because of the poor relationship between size and age of males caused by accelerated growth-at-sex-change. There were no differences in the size- and age-at-sex-change between the reserve and the exploited area, suggesting that steentjies have not shown a physiological response to exploitation in Langebaan and are unable to compensate for a skewed sex ratio. The comparison between Struisbaai and Langebaan showed that the growth rate of steentjies in Struisbaai was slower and the size-at-sex-change smaller than those at Langebaan. Linefish stock assessments may have to account for regional differences in physiological parameters.     

小陇山国家级自然保护区油松种群更新及生存

以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,以林木径级结构代表年龄结构,采用分段匀滑技术,编制小陇山自然保护区油松种群特定时间生命表,绘制死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、存活曲线、生存函数曲线,分析种群数量动态特征,并对其年龄跟胸径进行线性回归。结果表明:1.油松种群年龄结构表现为稳定型。2.油松种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型。4个生存函数曲线表明,油松种群具有前期稳定、中后期锐减和末期衰退的特点。3.油松年龄与其胸径线性相关。