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801.
极地冰盖/冰川底部微生物的生命形态特征及其适应机制研究是当前最前沿的方向之一。越来越多的研究表明: 极地冰盖/冰川底部存在液态水和有机质, 可以为微生物生存提供生境。此外, 微生物参与冰盖/冰川底部地球化学风化过程, 对受气候变化驱使的环境变化尤为敏感。围绕着极地冰川底部微生物多样性及其对气候变化响应的研究主题, 重点介绍极地冰川底部微生物的生命形态特征、可能来源、所参与的地球化学反应机制以及与C、N循环的相互作用。旨在为未来关于冰川底部的研究提供参考。 相似文献
802.
803.
The impact environment of the Hadean Earth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Impact bombardment in the first billion years of solar system history determined in large part the initial physical and chemical states of the inner planets and their potential to host biospheres. The range of physical states and thermal consequences of the impact epoch, however, are not well quantified. Here, we assess these effects on the young Earth's crust as well as the likelihood that a record of such effects could be preserved in the oldest terrestrial minerals and rocks. We place special emphasis on modeling the thermal effects of the late heavy bombardment (LHB) – a putative spike in the number of impacts at about 3.9 Gyr ago – using several different numerical modeling and analytical techniques. A comprehensive array of impact-produced heat sources was evaluated which includes shock heating, impact melt generation, uplift, and ejecta heating. Results indicate that ∼1.5–2.5 vol.% of the upper 20 km of Earth's crust was melted in the LHB, with only ∼0.3–1.5 vol.% in a molten state at any given time. The model predicts that approximately 5–10% of the planet's surface area was covered by >1 km deep impact melt sheets. A global average of ∼600–800 m of ejecta and ∼800–1000 m of condensed rock vapor is predicted to have been deposited in the LHB, with most of the condensed rock vapor produced by the largest (>100-km) projectiles. To explore for a record of such catastrophic events, we created two- and three-dimensional models of post-impact cooling of ejecta and craters, coupled to diffusion models of radiogenic Pb*-loss in zircons. We used this to estimate what the cumulative effects of putative LHB-induced age resetting would be of Hadean zircons on a global scale. Zircons entrained in ejecta are projected to have the following average global distribution after the end of the LHB: ∼59% with no impact-induced Pb*-loss, ∼26% with partial Pb*-loss and ∼15% with complete Pb*-loss or destruction of the grain. In addition to the relatively high erodibility of ejecta, our results show that if discordant ca. 3.9 Gyr old zones in the Jack Hills zircons are a signature of the LHB, they were most likely sourced from impact ejecta. 相似文献
804.
805.
Margit Bloch-Petersen Jesper Brandt Martin Olsen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):61-74
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 106(2): 61–74, 2006 During the last 25 years a number of European countries have developed general landscape monitoring systems. In the agricultural landscapes of Denmark the Small Biotope Monitoring Program (SBMP). which focuses on the dynamics of small biotopes and their relation to changes in agricultural technology and structural characteristics, has been developed since 1981. Erom 2007, the SBMP will continue as part of the Danish nature monitoring program, NOVANA. In Europe, during the last 10 years, several national landscape surveys have cooperated to develop a European platform for consistent landscape related habitat monitoring. This has been through the BioHab Concerted Action Framework Programme of the EU (2002–2005), and the resulting publication of a handbook for recording and monitoring habitats (Bunce et al., 2005). The focus on environmentally conditioned habitat changes at a landscape level has led to the re-introduction of Raunkiaer's plant life form concept. This approach enables the indication of changes in biodiversity based on alterations in general habitat composition and quality. Although the objectives of the SBMP and the BioHab projects have been somewhat different, the methodologies have much in common. In this paper the background and perspectives of the two approaches are discussed, and a test of the BioHab field methodology in an area previously monitored by the SBMP is presented. It was found not to be difficult to integrate the BioHab field recording methodology with the existing SBMP methods, thus permitting the SBMP to deliver an additional European perspective, with relatively little additional effort. 相似文献
806.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):430-435
Book Reviewed in this article: Latin America: Case Studies. Richard G. Boehm and Sent Visser Locality and Rurality: Economy and Society in Rural Regions. Tony Bradley And Philip Lowe The City and the Grassroots. Manuel Castells Geopolitics and Conflict in South America. Quarrels among Neighbors. Jack Child Post-Industrial America: A Geographical Perspective. David Clark Coastal Research: UK Perspectives. Malcolm W. Clark A Rural Policy for the EEC? Hugh Clout Peasant Agriculture in Assam: A Structural Analysis. M. M. Das. Environmental Change and Tropical Geomorphology. I. Douglas and T. Spencer Advances in Abandoned Settlement Analysis: Application to Prehistoric Anthrosols in Colombia, South America. Robert C. Eidt Measuring Culture. Jonathan L. Gross and Steve Rayner North America: A Human Geography. Paul Guinness and Michael Bradshaw A Geographical Bibliography for American Libraries. Chauncy D. Harris et al. Geography and the Urban Environment: Progress in Research and Applications, Vol. VI. D. T. Herbert and R. J. Johnston Changes in Global Climate: A Study of the Effect of Radiation and Other Factors During the Present Century. K. Ya. Kondrat'ev. Rural Development and the State: Contradictions and Dilemmas in Developing Countries. David A. M. Lea and D. P. Chaudhri The Martial Metropolis: U.S. Cities in War and Peace. Roger W. Lotchin The Climate of the Earth. Paul E. Lydolph. Weather and Climate. Paul E. Lydolph. Spatial Divisions of Labor: Social Structures and the Geography of Production. Doreen Massey. Panorama of the Soviet Union. N. Mikhailov. Soviet Armenia. K. S. Demirchian. USSR: Geography of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period. K. Spidchenko. Planung und Verwirklichung der Wiener Ringstrassenzone (Planning and Materialization of the Ringstrasse-Zone of Vienna). Kurt Mollik, Hermann Reining, Rudolf Wurzer. The American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War Gerald D. Nash. An Overview of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Dawn Nelson, David McMillen, and Daniel Kasprzyk. Phenomenology, Science and Geography: Spatiality and the Human Sciences. John Pickles. Biological Diversification in the Tropics. Ghillean T. Prance Die Wanderviehwirtschaft im gebirgigen Westen der U.S.A. und ihre Auswirkungen im Naturraum. Gisbert Rinschede. Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal: Considerations for Institutional Management World-Wide Weather. K. Takahashi Coastal Geomorphology in Australia. B. G. Thom Settlement System in Rural India: A Case Study of the Lower Ganga-Yamuna Doab. Ram Chandra Tiwari. Computer Programming for Geographers. David J. Unwin and John A. Dawson. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky Ethics in Planning. Martin Wachs 相似文献
807.
The effect of temperature on the life history characteristics of amictic females (AF), unfertilized mictic females (UMF) and
fertilized mictic females (FMF) inBrachionus calyciflorus was studied with replicated individual cultures at 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, and with algaeScenedesmus obliquus for their food. There were highly significant effects of both temperature and female type, independently and interactively,
on the duration of juvenile and post-reproduction periods, and the number of eggs produced by the rotifer per life cycle.
Among all the temperature-female type combinations, all the juvenile periods of FMF, and the post-reproduction periods of
UMF and FMF at 20°C, were the longest, and the number of eggs produced by an UMF at 30°C was the highest. There were highly
significant effects of both temperature and female type on the duration of the reproduction period, but no clear correlation
was observed between temperature and female type. The reproduction period of AF was longer than that of UMF and FMF. Only
temperature influenced significantly the mean life-span of the three types of female. The duration of juvenile, reproduction
and post-reproduction periods as well as the life-span of the three types of females were all reduced very significantly with
rise of temperature, but the rates of reduction varied with female type. Among the three types of females, the number of eggs
produced per life cycle by an UMF was the highest, and that of a FMF was the lowest. A significant relationship between the
number of eggs produced per life cycle and temperature was observed only in the UMF.
Projects supported by NSFC (No. 39870158), Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 100330: No. 042416) and the Excellent
Youth Foundation (No. 04043050). 相似文献
808.
刘慧玲 《广东海洋大学学报》2003,23(6):8-11
对寄生在九孔鲍 (HaliotisdiversicoloraquatilisReeve)贝壳上的凿贝才女虫 (Polydoraciliata)进行了观察 ,将其发育过程分为卵、胚胎、幼虫和成虫 4个阶段 ,并对这 4个阶段的形态结构进行了描述和讨论。由于凿贝才女虫寄生 ,九孔鲍贝壳内侧形成弯曲的管道和隆起 ,其外套膜被破坏 ,严重影响了九孔鲍生长 ,甚至导致其死亡。 相似文献
809.
Residents'perception and attitude towards tourism are essential to the resort development. It has become the important fields of study in foreign tourism geography and tourism sociology, whose research has produced some satisfactory results (DOGAN, 1989; JOHN and JOHN, 1993; BRUNT etal., 1999; ELIZABETH and BILL, 2000; DAVID and LAURA, 2001). Recently, related research in China has been under way. The life cycle, as the basic evolving law of resort, has also at-tracted much at… 相似文献
810.
If life ever existed on Mars, a key question is the genetic relationship of that life to life on Earth. To determine if Martian life represents a separate, second genesis of life requires the analysis of organisms, not fossils. Ancient permafrost on Mars represents one potential source of intact, albeit probably dead by radiation, Martian organisms. Strong crustal magnetism in the ancient heavily cratered southern highlands between 60 and 80°S and at about 180°W indicates what may be the oldest, best preserved ice-rich permafrost on Mars. Drilling to depths of 1000 m would reach samples unaffected by possible warming due to cyclic changes in Mars’ obliquity. When drilling into the permafrost to retrieve ancient intact Martian organisms, it is necessary to take special precautions to avoid the possibility of contamination. Earth permafrost provides an analog for Martian permafrost and convenient sites for instrument development and field testing. 相似文献