Research on Fatigue invalidation of A Submarine Pipeline Span Subjected to Waves and Currents

1 .IntroductionRecently, more and more importance is attached to the development of offshore oil and gas alloverthe world and many submarine pipelines have been laid.Submarine pipelines are the lifeline ofthe transportation of offshore oil and gas .Submar…     

布纹藤壶(Balanus amphitrite communis Darwin) 生活史的研究

藤壶属节肢动物门甲壳纲蔓足目,种类很多,分布亦广。布纹藤壶(Balanus amphitrite communis Darwin) 是附生于船底的一种。它是青岛附近海区船底附着生物中最多而又最顽强的种类之一,为害甚大。防止它的附着或生长是航运和军事部门的共同要求,了解它的生活史为防除工作提供必要的资料,便成为目前急需进行的课题。     

贻贝(Mytilus edulis Linné) 生活史的研究

贻贝是我国北部沿海常见的经济贝类。俗称“海红”又称"淡菜"。它是世界两半球温带及寒带各海沿岸广泛分布的海产双壳类。其肉味甘美,营养丰富,故为海产养殖的对象。常附着于工业冷却水管壁上、舰船底部和海上设施的仪器上;致使管道堵塞而大大降低冷却效率、减低船只航行速度和仪器失灵,为害甚大。 基于上述原因,许多国家的学者曾作了不少的研究。在生殖,胚胎发育以及生活史方面也积累了许多资料。Wilson E. B. (1886), Matthews A. (1913), Field I. A.(1922)等对胎贝(Mytilus edulis)的胚胎发育及主要器官形成分别作了一些研究;宫畸一老(1935)对厚壳胎贝(Mytilus crassitesta)的发生也曾进行过研究;Chipperfield(1953),Lubet (1953),杉浦靖夫(1959 )等曾报导过胎贝的繁殖、附着及生殖腺周年变化和性变现象;郭继绪(1959)还进行过紫胎贝室内人工育苗试验;厦门大学生物系海洋生物教研组(1960)对翡翠胎贝(Mytilus smaragdinus Chemnitz)生殖季节变化及性变现象进行了初步观察。虽然过去对胎贝作了这些研究,但作为防除试验和养殖工作的基本资料、对其生活史仍有作比较系统地观察的必要。因此,我们选择了经济价值较大的胎贝(Mytilus edulis Linné)作为研究的对象。     

Patterns of growth in cold-seep vestimenferans including Seepiophila jonesi: a second species of long-lived tubeworm

Seepiophila jonesi is a vestimentiferan tubeworm (Siboglinidae: Polychaeta) inhabiting the cold seeps of the upper slope of the Gulf of Mexico. It commonly co‐occurs with Lamellibrachia luymesi, which is among the most long‐lived non‐clonal animals known. The growth pattern of S. jonesi is best described by a model including a size‐specific probability of growth and an average growth rate that does not vary with individual size. This model, based on growth data from in situ staining and collection approximately 1 year later, predicts that S. jonesi is very slow growing and may attain ages comparable with L. luymesi. The efficacy of this model in describing L. luymesi growth rate was assessed, but the previously employed model of declining growth rate with individual size provided the better fit to the empirical data. Comparisons of both S. jonesi and L. luymesi growth rates among sites and among aggregations within a site indicate that there is some degree of habitat variability contributing to differences in growth rates. However, position of the anterior end of the worm within an aggregation did not have a significant effect on growth rate in comparisons among groups of L. luymesi from different distances from the center of an aggregation. The evolution of longevity in these species of vestimentiferans was favored by the relative stability of the seep habitat and sulfide sources, in contrast to the hydrothermal vent environment inhabited by relatively short‐lived and fast‐growing vestimentiferan species.     

Effects of Internal Flow on Vortex-Induced Vibration and Fatigue Life of Submarine Pipelines

- With the rapid development of the offshore oil industries, submarine oil / gas pipelines have been widely used. Under the complicated submarine environmental conditions, the dynamic characteristics of pipelines show some new features due to the existence of both internal and external flows. The paper is intended to investigate the vortex-induced vibration of the suspended pipeline span exposed to submarine steady flow. Especially, the effects of the flow inside the pipeline are taken into account. Its influences on the amplitude of pipeline response, and then on the fatigue life, are given in terms of the velocity of the internal flow.