生态与生命的建设主题

解放军309医院在建设生态型医院规划过程中,秉承中国古代＂天人合一＂的理念,将＂生态与生命＂作为生态医院建设主题。通过生态廊道、水系、台地园、生态斑块、滞洪湿地等空间的构建,达到显山露水、自然亲和、资源优化、良性循环、景意交融。     

Astrobiological molecularly imprinted polymer sensors

The purpose of the Astrobiological MIP Sensor (AMS) Project is to develop reliable, low-cost, low-mass, low-power consumption detection technologies for in situ analysis of biochemical markers, and other indicators of astrobiological importance. To this end, we are investigating the potential role that molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) could serve in the recognition of pre-biotic and biotic compounds in planetary, astrobiological and geochemical mission profiles. While MIPs are effective molecular recognition tools, a signal transduction method must be developed so that the recognition of analytes can be realized. In the course of this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) will be the detection method of the MIP recognition event. In addition, MIP-coated SPR substrates were subjected to vibration, temperature and radiation testing to demonstrate that they could withstand the rigors of space travel. The methods developed in this study require capture of the biomarkers onto the SPR sensor chip, followed by addition of a MIP. It is the binding of the MIP to the SPR bound analyte that amplifies the SPR signal associated with binding of the low molecular weight analyte. The MIPs, developed in this study are water-soluble processable star polymers while the SPR device used was SensíQ™ by Nomatics. Proof-of-principal experiments were first demonstrated using amino biotin.     

Simple lattice model of macroevolution

In future astrobiology, like in modern astrophysics, the numerical simulations can be a very important tool for proving theories. In this paper, I propose a simple lattice model of a multi-species ecosystem suitable for the study of emergent properties of macroevolution. Unlike the majority of ecological models, the number of species is not fixed—they emerge by “mutation” of existing species, then survive or go extinct depending on the balance between local ecological interactions. The Monte-Carlo numerical simulations show that this model is able to qualitatively reproduce phenomena that have been empirically observed, like the dependence between size of the isolated area and the number of species inhabiting there, primary production and species-diversity. The model allows also studying the causes of mass extinctions and more generally, repeatability, and the role of pure chance in macroevolution.     

关于我国城市统计区重建的地理学研究

本文从我国现行的城市统计区的地域特征分析入手,通过对国内外有关城市统计区建立的理论与方法的比较研究,指出了我国现行城市统计区划中存在的问题及其重新建立的必要性,从实质性和可比性的角度,提出基于“日常生活圈”的我国城市统计区重建的理念,并对基于“日常生活圈”的我国城市统计区的基本构造、建立方法和可行性进行了讨论。     

中国古地理学研究进展与关键科学问题

古地理学着重于研究和重建地史时期地球表面自然地理状况。国际古地理学主要是在板块构造理论指导下,依托古地磁、古生物和地球化学等手段,重建地史时期的大陆位置、板块边界、海陆分布,侧重于板块尺度的板块构造古地理。中国古地理学主要侧重于以矿产资源勘探服务为导向的不同尺度的盆内岩相古地理研究及编图。当前中国古地理研究对前寒武纪板块构造体制之前的古地理研究仍处于探讨和假说阶段,对显生宙重大古地理变迁的构造机制、地表过程、生命效应是最具挑战的科学问题,诸如古生代与生物大灭绝事件相伴生的古地理变化,中三叠世末扬子板块与华北板块拼合后的古地理效应,白垩纪以来中国地势由东高西低转变为西高东低的过程和机制等。未来中国古地理学研究不仅要继续加强服务于页岩气等新矿产资源勘探的应用岩相古地理研究,还应建设对接国际的多学科融合的中国古地理数据库,系统重建中国小陆块群聚散的多重古地理演变过程,深入认识全球古地理演变的中国地质记录及其地球生命环境意义。     

基于Ansys Workbench通地1井的绳索取心钻杆接头疲劳分析

通过分析通化盆地地质调查井工程钻探施工工况、钻杆折断事故及折断部位,基于钻杆和钻进工艺参数对井内钻杆接头螺纹受力进行理论计算,采用SolidWorks对钻杆接头螺纹连接处进行建模然后将模型导入Ansys Workbench中进行应力和疲劳仿真分析,预测钻杆接头的疲劳寿命。通过分析仿真结果,再结合地质岩心编录和测井资料,探讨涌水伴随大量气体钻探施工的钻杆折断原因,优化钻进工艺参数,从而减少孔内钻杆折断事故的发生。     

Progress and Prospect in Deep Biosphere Investigation

The discovery of living microorganisms deep in the marine sediments and even in the oceanic crust (the marine “deep biosphere”), is one of the most significant and exciting discoveries since the ocean drilling program began almost a half-century ago. Investigation of the deep biosphere has become the most thrilling research frontier for both geological and biological sciences. The “biosphere frontiers” has been listed as one of the four themes in the 10-year plan of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP 2012-2023), including deep life, biodiversity and environmental forcing of ecosystems. Here, we introduced the deep biosphere and its environmental features, several completed Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expeditions, which targeted the subseafloor deep biosphere within the crust and sediments, and highlighted the main progress we have made in deep biosphere and deep life research, especially the contribution of Chinese scientists. Finally, we will give a perspective on the future of deep biosphere research according to the challenge we are facing and the key questions need to be answered.     

针对复杂地层金刚石钻头的改进与应用

复杂地层的钻进与取样问题一直是钻探行业的一个技术难题。由于地层结构的杂乱无规律、软硬互夹层多、换层频繁以及破碎层硬、脆、碎的特性,使得在钻探施工过程中钻头寿命低下,频繁提下钻导致坍孔、掉块、缩径、漏失、涌水等事故经常发生,钻探效率难以提高。针对以上问题,根据目前钻探施工普遍采用的金刚石绳索取心钻探工艺,通过试验对金刚石钻头进行设计与改进,提高钻头的钻进效率与使用寿命,可大幅提高钻探效率并减少事故发生率,从而取得良好的经济效益。     

基于岩石长期稳定性的工程寿命预估研究

为了从岩石蠕变特性的角度对岩石工程的时效作用进行理论研究,通过对改进的西原蠕变模型进行理论分析,模拟微分方程数值曲线,从而得出与时间相关的蠕变加速度失稳判据;结合蠕变模型第三阶段的非线性特性,采用趋近系数对蠕变稳定阶段进行预测,对于非衰减蠕变破坏,通过破坏倾斜角进行预估。揭示了岩石第三阶段蠕变失稳的机理和规律,为预测岩石工程的失稳破坏及其寿命预估提供新的理论依据。     

新元古代地球气候研究进展

新元古代曾发生过强烈的全球性冰川作用,本文回顾了新元古代晚期全球性冰川作用存在的证据及其特点,论述了新元古代冰期产生的原因,综述了一些代表性的“雪球地球”模型并探讨了“雪球地球”对早期生物演化的影响,最后对未来“雪球地球”研究趋势进行了展望.