桂北四堡韧性剪切带的发现及其构造意义

通过野外观察、室内显微构造分析和磁组构测量方法,在桂北四堡地区浅变质地层中厘定出一条NE30°走向,南东倾,倾角约40°的大型左旋斜冲韧性剪切带——四堡韧性剪切带;该韧性剪切带内发育糜棱岩系列、糜棱面理、拉伸线理、A型褶皱、S-C组构、亚颗粒、显微分层及石英条带等宏观和微观构造特征;磁各向异性度测量结果显示四堡韧性剪切带由一宽约4 km的强应变带及边缘弱带组成,全带宽达10 km,长度超30 km;在对韧性剪切带运动学、构造年代学研究的基础上,结合区域地质资料,认为四堡韧性剪切带是华南加里东晚期华夏地块由南东向北西作低角度斜冲到扬子地块的产物。这一发现揭示了扬子地块与华夏地块碰撞拼合的方式,为深化华南构造演化提供了新资料。     

岩浆岩磁组构的实验模拟研究

岩浆岩的模拟实验,由于其实验条件的可控性,能够较好地研究岩浆岩的影响因素及其机理．本文实验表明,岩浆岩的磁组构除与成岩时的流动有关外,还受地磁场及重力场的影响,当流动较强时,岩浆岩的磁线理与流动方向有很好的一致性;当流动较弱时,地磁场方向的影响更大．另外,由于岩浆岩较弱的磁各向异性,以及成岩后期各种因素的影响,使其机理呈现复杂性,主轴方位具有分散性．     

应用磁组构方法研究构造变形与成矿作用的时序关系

根据磁组构要素受热动力学影响特点,首次运用岩石磁组构结合变形分析确定岩石变形与成矿作用的时序关系。通过含矿与不含矿构造岩的磁组构特征的对比表明,北京崎峰茶蚀变糜棱岩型金矿,其糜棱岩的构造变形相对较早,矿化蚀变较晚。研究认为,湖南枞树板大型脉状铅锌矿的成矿作用是热液蚀变的成果,成矿后构造变形很弱,其铅锌蚀变矿化作用要早于花岗斑岩的侵位,这一结论与由地质,地球化学及同位素年代学资料分析结果相吻合。     

基底先存构造对裂陷盆地断层形成和演化的控制作用规律

针对基底先存构造对裂陷盆地断层控制作用研究中存在的问题,应用脆性断裂新理论--“不协调性准则”来阐述、分析裂陷盆地基底先存构造控制断层形成和演化的力学机理,确定基底先存构造活动性的变化规律,探讨并初步确定基底先存构造对裂陷盆地断层形成和演化的控制作用具有如下规律: (1)先存构造(特别是先存断裂)优先活动,这是基底先存构造能控制沉积盆地断层形成和演化的根本原因。(2)先存构造对盆地断层控制作用的强度决定于其活动性,它由先存构造的产状、力学性质和应力状态决定,可以用先存构造活动性系数(fAS)来定量描述。(3)受基底先存断裂控制的断层发育的位置和延伸方向(走向)、形成次序、继承性特征,以及分布规模等都表现出显著的规律性。(4)与伸展方向垂直,且与σ1夹角为45°-(/2)的基底先存断裂对断层的控制作用最强;随着走向与伸展方向的夹角α逐渐变小,以及倾角偏离45°+(/2),对断层的控制作用就逐渐减小。(5)基底先存断裂的规模越大,对断层的控制作用就越强;受大规模基底先存断裂控制的断层往往构成裂陷盆地的构造格架。(6)随着薄弱带抗剪强度的减小,基底先存薄弱带发生破裂的可能性不断增大,对断层的控制作用不断增强;而相对基底先存断裂而言,其影响程度则相对偏弱。上述认识可以为裂陷盆地地震资料的构造解释提供理论模型,为裂陷盆地断裂系统的形成和演化的深入研究提供理论指导。     

穆家庄铜矿床矿物组构及成因浅析

穆家在铜矿床矿体呈层状,似层状沿构造破碎带产出,矿物组物显示了同生沉积和改造特征,流体包裹体为高盐度的热卤水,矿石及围岩氧,碳同位素具同一来源,矿床成因属变质和构造改造的热水喷流沉积类型。     

秦岭沙沟街韧性剪切带的岩石磁学、磁组构和运动学涡度分析

秦岭商丹构造带内发育的晚三叠世沙沟街韧性剪切带蕴含大量地质信息,很好地记录了秦岭印支期碰撞造山过程。为了探究该剪切带的运动学特征及其动力学背景,在野外观测、显微构造分析的基础上,对其中发育的糜棱岩进行了磁组构和运动学涡度研究。岩石磁学和磁组构分析结果显示:样品的平均磁化率Km值总体较高,载磁矿物主要为磁铁矿等铁磁性矿物;磁化率各向异性度PJ值较大,表明构造变形较为强烈;形态参数T值多大于0,反映磁化率椭球体以扁球体为主;磁线、面理优势产状与野外观测到的矿物线、面理较为一致。结合磁组构、边界断层以及C面理产状,认为沙沟街韧性剪切带具有左行走滑挤压的运动学特征。运动学涡度Wk值及其分布特征表明,沙沟街剪切带中纯剪切作用所占的比重总体大于简单剪切作用,并且剪切带的核部应位于北界断层附近。综合分析认为,沙沟街韧性剪切带的运动学特征反映了总体斜向汇聚背景下的局部走滑挤压,与商丹带西段发育的同期韧性剪切带具有完全反向的运动学指向,这可能与碰撞导致的侧向挤出构造有关     

大别山双河超高压硬玉石英岩显微组构特征及其流变学意义

硬玉石英岩是大别—苏鲁超高压(UHP) 变质带内重要超高压岩石类型之一, 其变形机制和动力学背景参数(应变、应力、应变速率) 对于全面了解超高压造山带的形成和演化有非常重要的意义.对大别山双河地区超高压硬玉石英岩3个样品中的主要组成矿物硬玉和石英进行显微组构和透射电镜(TEM) 的初步研究.晶格优选方位(LPO) 测量成果表明: 硬玉组构类型与绿辉石相近, 为L, LS型; 石英组构类型主要为单斜对称.TEM研究表明硬玉滑移系以(100) [001]、(110)[001]及(110)1/2[110]为主.石英中位错发育, 滑移系以(0001)[1120]底面滑移为主, 代表硬玉石英岩折返过程中经历的区域性剪切作用      

Crustal structure of the deepwater west Niger Delta passive margin from the interpretation of seismic reflection data

The interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic reflection data complemented with gravity data allows the crustal architecture of the deepwater west Niger Delta passive margin to be defined. The data show that the area is underlain by oceanic crust that is characterised by a thickness of 5–7 km and by internal reflectivity consisting of both dipping and sub-horizontal reflectors. Some of the dipping reflections can be traced up to the top of the basement where they offset it across a series of minor to major thrust faults. Other internal reflections are attributed to extensional shear zones and possibly due to intrusions in the lower crust. The Moho can be correlated as a discrete reflection over >70% of the study area. It is generally smooth, but localised relief of up to 1 km is observed. The southeastern part of the study area is dominated by a zone of SW–NE striking basement thrusts.     

Modelling the behaviour of an embankment on soft clay with different constitutive models

The paper investigates the effect of constitutive models on the predicted response of a simplified benchmark problem, an embankment on soft soil. The soft soil is assumed to have the properties of POKO clay from Finland and five different constitutive models are used to model the deposit. Two of the models are isotropic models, i.e. the Modified Cam Clay model and the Soft‐Soil model. The other models are recently proposed constitutive models that account for plastic anisotropy. The S‐CLAY1 and S‐CLAY1S models are embedded in a standard elasto‐plastic framework and account for anisotropy via a rotational hardening law. In addition, the S‐CLAY1S model accounts for bonding and destructuration. In contrast, the Multilaminate Model for Clay (MMC) accounts for plastic anisotropy by utilizing so‐called multilaminate framework. The results of numerical simulations show that accounting for anisotropy results in notable differences in the predicted settlements and horizontal movements compared to the predictions using the isotropic models. There are also significant differences in the K₀ predictions by the different constitutive models and this has a significant impact on the results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A micromechanical study of rolling and sliding contacts in assemblies of oval granules

The evolution of the microstructure of an assembly of cohesionless granular materials with associated pores, which carry the overall applied stresses through frictional contacts is a complex phenomenon. The macroscopic flow of such materials take place by the virtue of the relative rolling and sliding of the grains on the micro‐scale. A new discrete element method for biaxial compression simulations of random assemblies of oval particles with mixed sizes is introduced. During the course of deformation, the new positions of the grains are determined by employing the static equilibrium equations. A key aspect of the method is that, it is formulated for ellipse cross‐sectional particles, hence desirable inherent anisotropies are possible. A robust algorithm for the determination of the contact points between neighbouring grains is given. Employing the present methodology, many aspects of the behaviour of two‐dimensional assemblies of oval cross‐sectional rods have been successfully addressed. The effects of initial void ratio, interparticle friction angle, aspect ratio, and bedding angle on the rolling and sliding contacts are examined. The distribution of normals to the rolling and sliding contacts have different patterns and are concentrated along directions, which are approximately perpendicular to one another. On the other hand, the distribution of all contact normals (combined rolling and sliding) are close to that of rolling contacts, which confirm that rolling is the dominant mechanism. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced for higher intergranular friction angle. Characteristics of the rolling and sliding contacts are also discussed in the context of the force angle, which is the inclination of contact force with respect to the contact normal. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.