非绝热加热对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用

用诊断方法和数值试验两种方法,研究了非绝热加热对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用,首先应用１９７９～１９８９年欧洲中心资料进行功率谱分析,得到：（１）夏季与冬季相比,波动的主周期有有缩短的趋势,（２）ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件和ＬａＮｉｎａ事件期间,冬夏两季的波动主要周期分别有缩短和变长的趋势,然后,应用强迫耗散准地转正压涡度方程的全球谱模式,考虑三个行星波准共振,积分９０ｄ,得到：（１）三个行星波之间存在的很     

A Climatology of Extratropical Cyclones over East Asia During 1958–2001

A climatology of extratropical cyclones (ECs) over East Asia (20 -75 N, 60 -160 E) is analyzed by applying an improved objective detection and tracking algorithm to the 4-time daily sea level pressure fields from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data. A total of 12914 EC processes for the period of 1958-2001 are identified, with an EC database integrated and EC activities reanalyzed using the objective algorithm. The results reveal that there are three major cyclogenesis regions: West Siberian Plain, Mongolia (to the south of Lake Baikal), and the coastal region of East China; whereas significant cyclolysis regions are observed in Siberia north of 60 N, Northeast China, and Okhotsk Sea-Northwest Pacific. It is found that the EC lifetime is largely 1-7 days while winter ECs have the shortest lifespan. The ECs are the weakest in summer among the four seasons. Strong ECs often appear in West Siberia, Northeast China, and Okhotsk Sea-Northwest Pacific. Statistical analysis based on k-means clustering has identified 6 dominating trajectories in the area south of 55 N and east of 80 E, among which 4 tracks have important impacts on weather/climate in China. ECs occurring in spring (summer) tend to travel the longest (shortest). They move the fastest in winter, and the slowest in summer. In winter, cyclones move fast in Northeast China, some areas of the Yangtze-Huaihe River region, and the south of Japan, with speed greater than 15 m s 1 . Explosively-deepening cyclones are found to occur frequently along the east coast of China, Japan, and Northwest Pacific, but very few storms occur over the inland area. Bombs prefer to occur in winter, spring, and autumn. Their annual number and intensity in 1990 and 1992 in East Asia (EA) are smaller and weaker than their counterparts in North America.     

The Morning Transition of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer

Six years of observations from a surface instrument site have been analysed to determine timings and factors influencing developmental changes in the near-surface wind and turbulent heat fluxes during the morning heating of the atmospheric boundary layer. A simple relationship has been found between near-surface wind speed and screen temperature, together with a predictive equation for the morning transition air temperature. Profile measurements from a probe mounted on a tethered balloon have beenused to supplement the surface data and study the processes underlying these surface relationships. The results have confirmed earlier work and have shown that both before and immediately after morning transition, almost all heating in the surface layer is due to turbulent diffusion from above. In order to explain the mechanisms involved in the relationships, a simple finite difference model has been run and validated against the profile data. The model predictions are compared with observations during both the morning and evening and the differences related to the different temperature profiles. Numerical forecasting rules for the surface wind speed and transition temperature are derived from the results.     

白垩纪：中国及邻区板块构造演化的一个重要变换期

中国及邻区是一系列不同起源的微大陆（克拉通）和地块经多期增生和碰撞而形成的复合大陆,海西-印支旋回和新特提斯旋回在其形成中起了决定性的作用。侏罗纪末白垩纪初部分新特提斯洋（有人称中特提斯）闭合,亚洲大陆的雏形出现,白垩纪末新特提斯洋全面消减,亚洲大陆形成,因而白垩纪是中国及邻区板块构造演化的一个重要变换期。笔者从地球动力学系统的变换、构造格局的变换、北东向新生构造的出现和造山作用类型的多样化等方面论述了这一变换。这一变换集中表现在中国及邻区的构造演化由原来的南、北分异在白垩纪转变为东、西两部发生分异,西部以构造的继承性为特色,东部则新生构造起了主要作用。反映在地形一地貌上,早白垩世该区东高西低,白垩纪末开始出现今日的西高东低面貌。盆地发育和“盆”“山”系统也在白垩纪开始发生重要变换,说明东亚大陆边缘因向太平洋的蠕散而不断解体,大陆内部构造则日趋复杂。中国及邻区的这一实例再次说明必须坚持活动论构造观,以动态演化的思路来重塑区域大地构造演化。     

江西冷水坑火山-侵入杂岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

江西冷水坑矿田是武夷山地区重要的银铅锌矿集中区之一,以斑岩型矿床和火山沉积-热液改造型矿床为特色,前人对冷水坑矿床的成岩成矿作用、控矿构造、成矿模式等开展了大量的研究,但对不同地质体与成矿的先后关系、岩浆活动期次与成矿作用的关系研究相对薄弱。本文对打鼓顶组火山岩和含矿花岗斑岩进行了激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明打鼓顶组底板、顶板晶屑凝灰岩形成时代分别为161.3±1.3 Ma、160.75±0.96 Ma,含矿花岗斑岩形成时代为168.09±0.80 Ma,结合以往研究资料,将冷水坑矿田火山-侵入岩岩浆活动划分为3个期次:第Ⅰ期火山-侵入岩浆活动形成于164~170 Ma;第Ⅱ期火山-侵入岩浆活动发生于157~161 Ma,为火山沉积-热液改造型矿床和斑岩型矿体的主要成矿时代,岩浆活动和成矿时代基本一致;第Ⅲ期火山-侵入岩浆活动时限为140~146 Ma。也暗示华南冷水坑等地晚侏罗世火山岩形成于华南中生代构造体制转换的关键时期,为华南晚中生代构造背景的研究提供了重要地质依据。     

伸展域构造变换带内部构造类型研究

分别从传递带和调节带两个方面论述了构造变换带内的构造类型，将传递带内的构造类型分为传递断层等四种类型，将调节带内的构造类型划分为背斜等四种类型。分析了传递带与调节带内各构造类型的发育条件、几何形态特征以及它们之间的相互关系。研究认为，传递带和调节带内的构造类型主要取决于其发育位置处的构造背景及边界控制条件。     

CPS法对影响江苏台风的适用性研究

利用NCEP FNL 1°×1°再分析资料、江苏省地面自动站资料以及长三角地区新一代天气雷达资料,使用气旋相空间法(CPS)对2000—2015年影响江苏台风的相空间参数进行统计分析。经过和台风年鉴比对,CPS法能较为客观准确地描述各类路径影响江苏台风的变性过程,而结果表明:影响江苏的台风发生变性的多为登陆北上、变性前强度较强的台风。进一步分析台风"海葵"和"麦德姆"两个CPS轨迹不同的台风相空间参数,发现其参数轨迹能较好地反映台风变性过程中的热力结构和环流特征演变,与台风降水的落区和强度有一定关联,CPS参数变化明显的"海葵",台风降水范围和强度变化较大,参数变化较小的"麦德姆",降水基本位于台风本体周边。     

一种基于位涡反演的变性台风初始化方案

针对变性台风的结构特征和Bogus 方案的局限性,提出了一种新的基于位涡反演技术的台风初始化方案。实际应用效果表明,该变性台风初始化方案既能使初始场中的台风中心位置和强度与观测相吻合,又能维持变性台风的结构特征(斜压性和不对称性),同时能保证初始场中各要素场之间的协调一致性。数值试验结果表明,采用该方案后,在数值模拟的前24 小时对台风中心强度和移动路径的模拟效果有较明显改进。      

含NaCl和Na2SO4双组分盐渍土的水盐相变温度研究

盐渍土相变温度是判断土体中水分冻结与融化、盐分结晶与溶解的重要参数.不同盐分含量相变温度的差异,给盐渍土在降温过程中的水盐迁移过程及变形规律的模拟带来极大的不确定性.通过降温试验,研究了降温过程中氯盐和硫酸盐综合作用盐渍土中水盐相变温度的变化情况.结果表明:全盐量相同时,盐结晶温度随NaCl和Na2SO4比例的不同而不...     

金川含铂硫化铜镍矿床成矿模式

金川矿床产出于过渡区,位于中朝地块西南部阿拉善边缘隆起上,含矿岩体是多期上侵贯入形成的,时代为1508±31Ma。 导源于地幔深部富硫的铁质超基性岩浆,沿超壳深断裂上侵到达地壳岩浆房。注入岩浆房的岩浆发生熔离作用和岩浆分异作用,按重力效应在岩浆房中自下而上先后形成了矿浆、富矿岩浆、含矿岩浆和岩浆分层格局。随着温度下降,在构造应力脉动式驱动下,岩浆房中自上而下按岩浆、含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆和矿浆的顺序,先后分别沿相同通道上侵、贯入于现存空间成岩成矿、每次上侵、贯入的浆体都沿着前次浆体的下侧部和根部定位。 整个成矿过程由岩浆房中的深部熔离、岩浆分异和重力分层作用→第一期次岩浆上侵→第二期次含矿岩浆上侵→第三期次富矿岩浆贯入→晚期矿浆贯入→接触交代成矿→热液叠加成矿,构成一个完整的硫化铜、镍矿床的成矿模式和时空分布系列。