秋冬季节转换与次年汛期旱涝的关系

利用日平均气温资料，将秋冬季节转换的过程划分为４种基本类型，讨论了不同类型与次年夏季旱涝的关系，同时应用该关系制作夏季旱涝的长期趋势预测。     

金川含铂硫化铜镍矿床成矿模式

金川矿床产出于过渡区,位于中朝地块西南部阿拉善边缘隆起上,含矿岩体是多期上侵贯入形成的,时代为1508±31Ma。 导源于地幔深部富硫的铁质超基性岩浆,沿超壳深断裂上侵到达地壳岩浆房。注入岩浆房的岩浆发生熔离作用和岩浆分异作用,按重力效应在岩浆房中自下而上先后形成了矿浆、富矿岩浆、含矿岩浆和岩浆分层格局。随着温度下降,在构造应力脉动式驱动下,岩浆房中自上而下按岩浆、含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆和矿浆的顺序,先后分别沿相同通道上侵、贯入于现存空间成岩成矿、每次上侵、贯入的浆体都沿着前次浆体的下侧部和根部定位。 整个成矿过程由岩浆房中的深部熔离、岩浆分异和重力分层作用→第一期次岩浆上侵→第二期次含矿岩浆上侵→第三期次富矿岩浆贯入→晚期矿浆贯入→接触交代成矿→热液叠加成矿,构成一个完整的硫化铜、镍矿床的成矿模式和时空分布系列。     

中蒙边界中生代推覆-伸展递进转换及地壳尺度的切向剪切

中蒙边界一带发育中生代大型推覆和伸展构造。亚干伸展变质核杂岩从开始形成到最终(早白垩世)成型是一个长期递进发育过程,早期深层次透入性韧性伸展剪切主要发生于170～135Ma,有迹象显示在228～170Ma已经开始。这与中生代推覆事件在时代上重合,且运动指向相同,即上盘均向南东,显示推覆与伸展同时、同向的递进转换。提出地壳尺度切向剪切构造模式:在上地壳近水平简单剪切和水平挤压叠加构成一般剪切而形成推覆;而在中下地壳近水平简单剪切和上下挤压(重力作用)叠加构成一般剪切而发育同向伸展拆离剪切带(C'),随着上地壳的增厚和下地壳的减薄,该伸展剪切带向上扩展形成变质核杂岩。     

安徽巢湖地区石炭纪炉渣状灰岩的成因研究

安徽巢湖地区炉渣状灰岩的成因主要有三种假说,即风化作用、生物扰动、地震作用等三种假说从沉积过程的不同阶段做出相异解释,恰好说明了炉渣状灰岩的成因是多因素、多阶段的。在地质勘察的基础上,结合"地质—生物—环境"三者之间的相互影响探讨炉渣状灰岩的综合成因。     

伸展域构造变换带内部构造类型研究

分别从传递带和调节带两个方面论述了构造变换带内的构造类型，将传递带内的构造类型分为传递断层等四种类型，将调节带内的构造类型划分为背斜等四种类型。分析了传递带与调节带内各构造类型的发育条件、几何形态特征以及它们之间的相互关系。研究认为，传递带和调节带内的构造类型主要取决于其发育位置处的构造背景及边界控制条件。     

台风变性加强过程的数值模拟和试验分析

1997年登陆的Winnie台风经历了变性重新加强的过程,利用中尺度数值模式MM5对该过程进行了数值模拟和分析.等熵位涡分析显示重新加强过程经历了2个阶段:(1)高层扰动加强期,北上的变性气旋在其高层维持了小的位涡区,使上游东移的位涡槽加强;(2)气旋斜压发展期,低层气旋上的斜压带与高层加强的扰动耦合,气旋获得斜压发展.该过程伴随着高层风速的加强并发展为急流,这是动力平衡和低层斜压动能输送的结果.高层扰动和急流演变过程说明了变性气旋自身对其发展的重要性.通过热带气旋分离的方法,利用数值试验对变性气旋以及与气旋相关的物理因子的作用进行分析.结果显示,低层变性的气旋Winnie首先通过潜热过程加强了高层的扰动,然后在其北移过程中和高层的扰动位相锁定而得到斜压发展,演变过程说明了登陆台风自身的重要性.在这个过程中,初始气旋的涡旋环流足最主要的,其次是水汽,而斜压性影响最少.斜压性影响最少是由于在气旋环流和高湿度的环境下,斜压带得到重建,使气旋仍然可以和高层的扰动相互作用而得到斜压发展.所以,斜压性仍是变性气旋再度发展的直接原因.综观台风Winnie的变性以及重新加强过程,气旋中斜压性的产生以及维持都和与降水相关的潜热过程密切相关.     

非绝热加热对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用

用诊断方法和数值试验两种方法,研究了非绝热加热对中高纬大气低频振荡的调频作用,首先应用１９７９～１９８９年欧洲中心资料进行功率谱分析,得到：（１）夏季与冬季相比,波动的主周期有有缩短的趋势,（２）ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件和ＬａＮｉｎａ事件期间,冬夏两季的波动主要周期分别有缩短和变长的趋势,然后,应用强迫耗散准地转正压涡度方程的全球谱模式,考虑三个行星波准共振,积分９０ｄ,得到：（１）三个行星波之间存在的很     

A Climatology of Extratropical Cyclones over East Asia During 1958–2001

A climatology of extratropical cyclones (ECs) over East Asia (20 -75 N, 60 -160 E) is analyzed by applying an improved objective detection and tracking algorithm to the 4-time daily sea level pressure fields from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data. A total of 12914 EC processes for the period of 1958-2001 are identified, with an EC database integrated and EC activities reanalyzed using the objective algorithm. The results reveal that there are three major cyclogenesis regions: West Siberian Plain, Mongolia (to the south of Lake Baikal), and the coastal region of East China; whereas significant cyclolysis regions are observed in Siberia north of 60 N, Northeast China, and Okhotsk Sea-Northwest Pacific. It is found that the EC lifetime is largely 1-7 days while winter ECs have the shortest lifespan. The ECs are the weakest in summer among the four seasons. Strong ECs often appear in West Siberia, Northeast China, and Okhotsk Sea-Northwest Pacific. Statistical analysis based on k-means clustering has identified 6 dominating trajectories in the area south of 55 N and east of 80 E, among which 4 tracks have important impacts on weather/climate in China. ECs occurring in spring (summer) tend to travel the longest (shortest). They move the fastest in winter, and the slowest in summer. In winter, cyclones move fast in Northeast China, some areas of the Yangtze-Huaihe River region, and the south of Japan, with speed greater than 15 m s 1 . Explosively-deepening cyclones are found to occur frequently along the east coast of China, Japan, and Northwest Pacific, but very few storms occur over the inland area. Bombs prefer to occur in winter, spring, and autumn. Their annual number and intensity in 1990 and 1992 in East Asia (EA) are smaller and weaker than their counterparts in North America.     

Transition from the southern mode of the mei-yu front cloud system to other leading modes

Based on normalized six-hourly black body temperature （TBB） data of three geostationary meteorological satellites,the leading modes of the mei-yu cloud system between 1998 and 2008 were extracted by the Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） method,and the transition processes from the first typical leading mode to other leading modes were discussed and compared.The analysis shows that,when the southern mode （EOF1） transforms to the northeastern mode （EOF3）,in the mid-troposphere,a low trough develops and moves southeastward over central and eastern China.The circulation pattern is characterized by two highs and one low in the lower troposphere.A belt of low pressure is sandwiched between the weak high over central and western China and the strong western North Pacific subtropical high （WNPSH）.Cold air moves southward along the northerly flow behind the low,and meets the warm and moist air between the WNPSH and the forepart of the low trough,which leads to continuous convection.At the same time,the central extent of the WNPSH increases while its ridge extends westward.In addition,transitions from the southern mode to the dual centers mode and the tropical-low-influenced mode were found to be atypical,and so no common points could be concluded.Furthermore,the choice of threshold value can affect the number of samples discussed.     

Cyclone Phase Space Characteristics of the Extratropical Transitioning Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

The cyclone phase space (CPS) method has been utilized to evaluate the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones (TCs) in many recent publications. However, these studies mainly focused over the North Atlantic basin. In this paper, the CPS characteristics of all the cyclones over the western North Pacific are investigated and discussed, with three parameters calculated from the best-track data of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Tokyo and the Japanese 25-yr reanalysis data. It is concluded that most TCs over the western North Pacific possess the non-frontal and warm-core structure, while a larger number of cyclones that have undergone ET hold the frontal and cold-core structure. The spatial pattern of the CPS parameters indicates that the areas of tropical and extratropical cyclone activities could be demarcated by 30°N. The composite and individual series of three parameters of the CPS indicate that the transformation of −V _T^U from positive to negative leads to the start of ET, and could be considered as a potential predictor in operationally forecasting an ET event.