基本层序界面类型及其在岩石地层单位划分中的应用

基本层序在垂向上的重大转化面即为基本层序界面,由高到低可划分为旋回性基本层序/不显旋回性基本层序间界面(Ⅰ级界面)、旋回性基本层序/韵律性基本层序间界面(Ⅱ级界面)和向上变细粒序/向上变粗粒序间界面(Ⅲ级界面)。这些界面广泛发育于碎屑沉积岩中,因而是细分地质填图单位的重要选择界面。这一方案是对传统沉积序列分层及地质填图单位界面选择的重要补充,对指导中国造山带巨厚碎屑岩建造的地质填图单位划分、沉积相分析和区域地质研究具有重要意义。     

青海南祁连巴龙贡噶尔组变火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

广泛分布于南祁连的巴龙贡噶尔组一直缺少精确的化石和同位素测年依据,其地质时代备受关注。1∶5万区域地质调查在青海省天峻县织合玛乡南部的该套地层中新发现了英安质火山熔岩。采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,获得1件英安岩样品的锆石U-Pb年龄为457.6±2.4Ma,表明该套火山岩形成于晚奥陶世。这是首次获得的有关巴龙贡噶尔组的高精度测年数据,为该组的解体及其时代归属提供了可靠的同位素年代学依据。这一新发现和成果对于研究南祁连的早古生代地层层序及构造演化具有重要意义。     

从原岩建造角度探讨辽河群的形成环境

文章通过对辽河群上百条实测剖面中岩石类型进行了加权平均统计,得出了辽河群中各种岩石类型的百分含量;对辽河群中已有的上千组岩石化学数据进行了筛选,选取具有代表性的94组数据,用以对辽河群原岩建造恢复和形成构造环境的讨论。认为辽河群的原岩建造为巨厚的陆源沉积碎屑岩—内源沉积碳酸盐岩(夹少量火山岩)建造,具有典型的大陆架沉积特征;这在威尔逊旋回中属于成年期洋盆(大西洋)阶段所独具的沉积特征,这个洋盆暂且称之为辽吉古元古洋。     

Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Eocene source rocks in the Huilu area,northern Pearl River Mouth basin,South China Sea: Implications for tight oil potential

In recent years, new oil reservoirs have been discovered in the Eocene tight sandstone of the Huilu area, northern part of the Pearl River Mouth basin, South China Sea, indicating good prospects for tight oil exploration in the area. Exploration has shown that the Huilu area contains two main sets of source rocks: the Eocene Wenchang (E₂w) and Enping (E₂e) formations. To satisfy the requirements for further exploration in the Huilu area, particularly for tight oil in Eocene sand reservoirs, it is necessary to re-examine and analyze the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics. Based on mass balance, this study investigated the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics as well as the tight oil resource potential using geological and geochemical data and a modified conceptual model for generation and expulsion. The results show that the threshold and peak expulsion of the E₂w source rocks are at 0.6% vitrinite reflectance and 0.9% vitrinite reflectance, respectively. There were five hydrocarbon expulsion centers, located in the western, eastern, and northern Huizhou Sag and the southern and northern Lufeng Sag. The hydrocarbon yields attributed to E₂w source rocks are 2.4 × 10¹¹ tons and 1.6 × 10¹¹ tons, respectively, with an expulsion efficiency of 65%. The E₂e source rock threshold and peak expulsion are at 0.65% vitrinite reflectance and 0.93% vitrinite reflectance, respectively, with hydrocarbon expulsion centers located in the centers of the Huizhou and Lufeng sags. The yields attributed to E₂e source rocks are 1.1 × 10¹¹ tons and 0.2 × 10¹¹ tons, respectively, with an expulsion efficiency of 20%. Using an accumulation coefficient of 7%–13%, the Eocene tight reservoirs could contain approximately 1.3 × 10¹⁰ tons to 2.3 × 10¹⁰ tons, with an average of 1.8 × 10¹⁰ tons, of in-place tight oil resources (highest recoverable coefficient can reach 17–18%), indicating that there is significant tight oil potential in the Eocene strata of the Huilu area.     

新疆甜水海地块种羊场石炭纪火山岩年代学和地球化学:岩石成因和地质意义

甜水海地块西段的种羊场地区发育一套互层状产出的玄武岩-玄武安山岩-流纹岩,本文对其进行了岩石学、同位素年代学和地球化学研究。结果表明,流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得三组年龄:343.5±4.1Ma表明火山岩的形成时代为早石炭纪,2439±26Ma和1988±36Ma说明甜水海地块存在前寒武纪结晶基底。其中玄武质岩石岩性从拉斑系列、钙碱性系列向碱性系列过渡,呈现出E-MORB(OIB)、大陆板内拉张和岛弧的混合特征,与典型弧后盆地Okinawa玄武岩有一定的差异,表明其可能是异常陆缘弧后盆地拉张裂解的产物。玄武质岩石和流纹岩的主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素比值对的差异表明它们不是同源岩浆演化的产物,玄武质岩石的源区为类似E-MORB(OIB)的岩石圈地幔,且发生了部分熔融,原始岩浆上升过程中经历了矿物分离结晶和地壳混染作用。流纹岩属于高硅高碱的钙碱性火山岩,是上地壳部分熔融的产物。种羊场早石炭纪火山岩可能代表了古特提洋西端早期扩张的记录,为西昆仑-喀喇昆仑地区晚古生代多岛洋格局提供了新的证据。     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里断裂以南幔源底侵体、“钉合花岗岩体”的发现及其地质意义

新疆富蕴县滴水泉-畜牧办侵入体出露于卡拉麦里断裂以南,呈北西西向带状分布,以碱长花岗岩体为主,也可见规模较小的角闪辉长岩体。碱长花岗岩体的岩石组合为碱长花岗斑岩+碱长花岗岩,高硅(SiO_2=71.07%~76.71%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.41%~9.07%)、K_2ONa_2O(平均为1.10),显示出A型花岗岩的特点。角闪辉长岩体涌动侵入于碱长花岗岩体之中,二者接触带附近发育浆混性质的石英闪长岩。辉长岩+花岗岩的双峰式岩石组合、构造判别图解R2-R1及区域地质背景指示滴水泉侵入体形成于陆内伸展环境,且花岗岩体具有"钉合岩体"的作用,穿插了卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带。结合岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄(碱长花岗岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为321±2Ma,角闪辉长岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为319±3Ma)可知,卡拉麦里洋盆在晚石炭世早期(321Ma)之前已经闭合。同位素及微量元素特征显示,碱长花岗岩为年轻地壳部分熔合融的产物,而角闪辉长岩则来源于亏损的软流圈地幔及俯冲交代的地幔楔物质,代表了同期花岗岩的底侵岩浆演化的产物。辉长岩与花岗岩相似的εNd(t)值及明显的岩浆混合作用表明该区的花岗岩体并非来源于底侵岩浆的高度分异或底侵体的部分熔融,而最可能为底侵体之上的年轻地壳的部分熔融,这一结论与最近一些学者研究的断裂以北的花岗岩体成因机制相同。晚石炭世早期幔源底侵体的发现,为卡拉麦里地区后碰撞花岗岩类的幔源底侵作用提供了可靠的地质依据。     

青龙-建昌地区中生代火山岩地球化学特征及岩石成因

青龙-建昌地区的中生代火山岩地层主要有髫髻山组(兰旗组)和义县组。髫髻山组粗安岩富碱高钠、低镁含量;稀土元素总量不高[∑REE=(110.93~169.79)×10~(-6)],轻重稀土分馏明显[(La_N/Yb_N)=13.52~24.46],具有弱的负铕异常或正异常(δEu=0.96~1.15);富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti;高Sr含量[(682~1065)×10~(-6)]和Sr/Y值(49~74),低Y[(9.1~17.9)×10~(-6)]和Yb含量[(0.79~1.74)×10~(-6)],显示为埃达克岩的地球化学特征。义县组粗安玢岩与髫髻山组粗安岩具有相似的稀土和微量元素特征,但低Sr、高Y和Yb含量,为非埃达克质岩石。义县组酸性火山岩高硅富碱、低钙铁镁含量;强烈亏损Sr、P、Eu,为斜长石和磷灰石结晶分异的结果。通过与邻区(沽源-红山子)张家口组产铀火山岩的岩石组合、地球化学等特征进行对比分析,认为研究区具有良好的铀成矿前景。     

华北克拉通北部迁安紫苏花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学及地质意义

紫苏花岗岩是太古宙高级变质地体的主要物质组成,对其开展岩石成因与年代学研究,可深入理解早期大陆生长及其机制。本文以迁安紫苏花岗岩为窗口,探讨其成因与机制,通过精确的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得其成岩年龄为2544±22Ma,指示了新太古代晚期的一次岩浆活动。岩石变质年龄为2475±87Ma,证明随后的高级变质作用年龄范围为2439~2501Ma。岩石地球化学研究表明:迁安紫苏花岗岩SiO_2=59.14%~66.97%,MgO=1.62%~3.12%,富Ba(574×10-6~1572×10-6),LREE((La/Yb)N=22.3~79.0),亏损HFSE,不存在Eu负异常(δEu=1.76~3.43),其高Sr/Y值(85~179)与(La/Yb)N值指示了与TTG的相关性。结合样品地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄分析,并与本区域大地构造背景相结合,迁安紫苏花岗岩可能是角闪岩相条件下偏中性含水玄武质原岩高温部分熔融的产物,应当形成于地幔柱背景。     

The spatial-Temporal distributions and migrations of mesozoic magmaism in South China and subduction process of the paleo-pacific plate北大核心CSCD

The spatial-Temporal distributions and migrations of Mesozoic magmatism suggest that Mesozoic igneous rocks in South China can be divided into "two regions and four belts" , which are thought to be the products of convergence of multiple blocks as well as multi-stages and multi-directional compressional-extensional orogeny. However, it is impossible that the single subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate to form multi-direction and wide( > I (KK) km) tectonic deformation and mag- matic rock belt. In this paper. We evaluated the model of the paleo-Pacific Plate subduction, which widely circulated on late Mesozoic magmatism in Cathaysian Block at present, to address the its main contribution and shortage. We put forward that approximately middle-Jurassic( 175±5 Ma) , the South China entered the paleo-Pacific tectonic system, roughly from south to north oblique subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate. After 120 Ma, the subduction direction of paleo-Pacific Plate has changed to westward forward subduction dramatically. At the end of Mesozoic, the South China continent has become a passive margin so that there are the different tectonic setting roughly contemporary in southeastern China coast and east- em Taiwan. The former is the within-continent tectonic environment of the extensional-break up setting, where as and the latter is the arc tectonic environment with collision-compresive stress.     

Genesis of lower strain S-L-type tectonites in Daqingshan area,Inner Mongolia

Usual ductile shear zone has relatively high strain magnitude.However,for high-grade metamorphic rocks in Daqingshan area,the related strain is very low with weakly developed lineation.Significantly,the fi-nite strain type with a K-value slightly lower than 1 and is characterized by compressional strain.Because the special tectonic environment with high temperature,the percentage of melt is relatively higher,which leads to a series of microscopic phenomenon such as multi-grain quartz bands,feldspar three edges equilibrium-like tex-ture,granular flow,etc.As a consequence,the tectonites in the studied area illustrate a unique character:ob-vious rheological meso-deformation structure but with very weak intracrystalline micro-deformation.