各向异性在数据处理中的应用

主要探讨各向异性在地震资料处理中的应用,并给出各向异性处理与常规处理之间的关系;根据各向异性处理中的不同情况,给出不同的解决办法;以实际地震资料处理效果为依据,归纳出相关结论。     

先验概率分布及似然函数模型的选择对边坡可靠度评价影响的定量评估

受工程勘察成本及试验场地限制,可获得的试验数据通常有限,基于有限的试验数据难以准确估计岩土参数统计特征和边坡可靠度。贝叶斯方法可以融合有限的场地信息降低对岩土参数不确定性的估计进而提高边坡可靠度水平。但是,目前的贝叶斯更新研究大多假定参数先验概率分布为正态、对数正态和均匀分布,似然函数为多维正态分布,这种做法的合理性有待进一步验证。总结了岩土工程贝叶斯分析常用的参数先验概率分布及似然函数模型,以一个不排水黏土边坡为例,采用自适应贝叶斯更新方法系统探讨了参数先验概率分布和似然函数对空间变异边坡参数后验概率分布推断及可靠度更新的影响。计算结果表明：参数先验概率分布对空间变异边坡参数后验概率分布推断及可靠度更新均有一定的影响,选用对数正态和极值I型分布作为先验概率分布推断的参数后验概率分布离散性较小。选用Beta分布和极值I型分布获得的边坡可靠度计算结果分别偏于保守和危险,选用对数正态分布获得的边坡可靠度计算结果居中。相比之下,似然函数的影响更加显著。与其他类型似然函数相比,由多维联合正态分布构建的似然函数可在降低对岩土参数不确定性估计的同时,获得与场地信息更为吻合的计算结果。另外,构建似然函数时不同位置处测量误差之间的自相关性对边坡后验失效概率也具有一定的影响。     

Detection of changes in variance of oceanographic time-series using changepoint analysis

Changepoint analysis is used to detect changes in variability within GOMOS hindcast time-series for significant wave heights of storm peak events across the Gulf of Mexico for the period 1900-2005. To detect a change in variance, the two-step procedure consists of (1) validating model assumptions per geographic location, followed by (2) application of a penalized likelihood changepoint algorithm. Results suggest that the most important changes in time-series variance occur in 1916 and 1933 at small clusters of boundary locations at which, in general, the variance reduces. No post-war changepoints are detected. The changepoint procedure can be readily applied to other environmental time-series.     

关于工程测量规范中导线网和水准网结点长度的商榷

通过两个示例,论证了工程测量规范中关于导线网和水准网中结点间长度规定的不严密性,并提出了改进方法     

宝鸡市金渭两区土地利用信息遥感提取研究

通过宝鸡市金渭两区利用TM遥感图像,采用最大似然分类法,进行土地利用分类的实践,对图像类型与时相的选择、图像处理、监督分类和分类体系进行了研究,并对分类精度进行了评价。     

Evaluation of the effect of equal power spectrum filtering in image restoration

The effectiveness of equal power spectrum filtering in image restoration is analyzed via digital simulation. We start with a gray-scale map of concentric rings with different grey values. To obtain a dirty image, the original image is first transformed via a linear space-invariant system. Then, white noise is mixed into the image. The equal power spectrum filter is then used for the image restoration. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) and a defined steepness of the steps, together with the visual impression, are accepted to characterize the performance of the image restoration. It is concluded that a satisfactory restoration can be realized when the SNR > 15. When SNR < 5, the image is completely un-restorable. The effect of system's transfer function on image restoration is also discussed. The effectiveness of the presented model of equal power spectrum filter is confirmed by applying it to the restoration of an actual astronomical image. Finally, a typical application of the equal power spectrum filter is given.     

Origin of rapakivi granites by stochastic modeling: Vyborg and Salmi Massifs

Grain sequences of Precambrian rapakivi granites of the Vyborg and Salmi Massifs have been compared with the stochastic model for ideal granite. These sequences show that classical rapakivi granites correspond to metasomatically weakly altered granites with a simple loss of Markov transitions from quartz and plagioclase. Observed parameters of the model indirectly indicate rapakivi magma had small volatile content and large viscosity which is also characteristic of many other Precambrian granites.     

两类子样的估计

随机误差△是连续随机量，不可能严密地区分出正常误差和粗差，用抗差估计对粗差进行处理是不严密的，且对估计结果带来人为因素的影响。依随机误差所具有的连续性质进行估计的方法，克服了抗差估计方法的缺点，从而提高了估计质量，使估计结果既不纳伪、也不弃真。