建筑物沉降监测专家分析系统设计与开发

建筑物沉降监测数据分析与处理是一项较复杂的系统工程,本文从自动化处理观点出发,介绍了设计沉降监测专家分析系统的咨询新理念和主体思想,探讨了开发选用的数学模型与开发过程,以期为相关变形监测与分析提供帮助和启示.     

Study on Recovering the Earth＇s Potential Field Based on GOCE Gradiometry

Given the second radial derivative Vrr（P） ｜δs of the Earth＇s gravitational potential V（P） on the surface δS corresponding to the satellite altitude, by using the fictitious compress recovery method, a fictitious regular harmonic field rrVrr（P）^＊ and a fictitious second radial gradient field V：（P） in the domain outside an inner sphere Ki can be determined, which coincides with the real field V（P） in the domain outside the Earth. Vrr^＊（P）could be further expressed as a uniformly convergent expansion series in the domain outside the inner sphere, because rrV（P）^＊ could be expressed as a uniformly convergent spherical harmonic expansion series due to its regularity and harmony in that domain. In another aspect, the fictitious field V^＊（P） defined in the domain outside the inner sphere, which coincides with the real field V（P） in the domain outside the Earth, could be also expressed as a spherical harmonic expansion series. Then, the harmonic coefficients contained in the series expressing V^＊（P） can be determined, and consequently the real field V（P） is recovered. Preliminary simulation calculations show that the second radial gradient field Vrr（P） could be recovered based only on the second radial derivative V（P）｜δs given on the satellite boundary. Concerning the final recovery of the potential field V（P） based only on the boundary value Vrr （P）｜δs, the simulation tests are still in process.     

地图模型的研究

讨论了地图模型的实质,对地图模型的直观性、一览性、抽象性、概括性、可量测性、几何精确性、合成性、几何相似性、地理一致性、单义性、连续性、艺术性等认识论特性和表现形式的多样性、存储量的巨大性、信息传输性、信息多维动态性等信息论特性进行了重点分析了,并阐述了地图模型对计算机制图和地图分析应用的研究意义。     

Remote sensing research issues of the National Land Use Change Program of China

In 1999, the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) of China launched the National Land Use Change Program especially to monitor the scale and distribution of urban expansion and the decrease in cultivated land through remote sensing technology. This Program has been carried out annually and continuously for seven years since then and played an important role in the policy-making of MLR about land management and planning. This paper gives an overview about this Program and discusses several research issues. First, the remote sensing data sources and other ancillary data used in this Program are presented. The approaches for image preprocessing, i.e. radiometric normalization, image geometric rectification and image fusion are then introduced with an emphasis on the algorithm development for image registration. Second, land use change detection technique is the most critical and complex aspect of the Program. The methodologies for change detection using either bi-temporal image pair or one existing land use map and one remotely sensed image are detailed. Third, since the data of land use changes derived from remote sensing will be operationally used for local and central government, field validation and accuracy assessment are crucial to ensure the reliability of change detection results. The strategy of field work and the resulting accuracy evaluations is presented. The land use and change information derived from remotely sensed data has wide applications for land management, including land use database updating, verification of land use planning and monitoring of national high-tech parks. Last, suggestions on how to make full use of the images and change detection result, to improve the consistency of land use classification and to develop change detection algorithms for diverse and complex remote sensing data are given.     

Best prediction in linear models with mixed integer/real unknowns: theory and application

In this contribution, we extend the existing theory of minimum mean squared error prediction (best prediction). This extention is motivated by the desire to be able to deal with models in which the parameter vectors have real-valued and/or integer-valued entries. New classes of predictors are introduced, based on the principle of equivariance. Equivariant prediction is developed for the real-parameter case, the integer-parameter case, and for the mixed integer/real case. The best predictors within these classes are identified, and they are shown to have a better performance than best linear (unbiased) prediction. This holds true for the mean squared error performance, as well as for the error variance performance. We show that, in the context of linear model prediction, best predictors and best estimators come in pairs. We take advantage of this property by also identifying the corresponding best estimators. All of the best equivariant estimators are shown to have a better precision than the best linear unbiased estimator. Although no restrictions are placed on the probability distributions of the random vectors, the Gaussian case is derived separately. The best predictors are also compared with least-squares predictors, in particular with the integer-based least-squares predictor introduced in Teunissen (J Geodesy, in press, 2006).     

Integrated Navigation System and Experiment of a Low-Cost and Low-Accuracy SINS/GPS

When SINS (strap-down inertial navigation system) is combined with GPS, the observability of the course angle is weak. Although the course angle error is improved to some extent through Kalman filtering, the course angle still assumes a divergent trend. This trend is aggravated further when using low-cost and low-accuracy SINS. In order to restrain this trend, a method that uses AHRS to substitute for SINS course angle information is put forward aimed at the hardware component characteristic of the low-cost and low-accuracy SINS including AHRS (attitude and heading reference system) and IMU (inertial measurement unit). Real static and dynamic experiments show that the method can restrain the divergent trend of the navigation system angle effectively, and the positioning accuracy is high.     

确定全球厘米级精度大地水准面的可能性和方法探讨

阐述确定厘米级精度大地水准面所面临的挑战,评述各种大地水准面的定义,提出一种确定1°×1°厘米级精度全球大地水准面的新思路和新方法:在已知相应厘米级精度全球重力位模型、地形密度分布模型以及平均海面高模型的前提下,利用虚拟压缩恢复法可实现全球1°×1°厘米级精度大地水准面的目标。初步论证实现此目标的可能性和条件,并简要介绍一个模拟实验结果。     

图根支导线测角中误差计算公式之讨论

本文结合实例讨论了小地区平面控制测量中多条图根支导线测角中误差m角平的三种计算方法,其中方法二全面考虑多条图根支导线的测量误差,其计算测角中误差m角平的公式也是最值得推广的。按照方法二可计算出各条图根支导线的测站点圆周角闭合差是否超过±40″,各条支导线的角度闭合差fβj是否超过40 n1″,测角中误差m角平是否超过21.2″,由此可以判断测角精度是否合格,在测量工作中具有一定的实用性。     

测绘工程专业教学改革实践

本文介绍山东省教学改革试点专业"测绘工程"的总体建设情况、改革的总体思路及具体实施方案。提出坚持以人为本的教育理念,按照加强基础、拓宽专业、突出特色、注重实践、培养能力的要求,培养基础扎实、视野开阔、专业面广、全面发展的复合型人才。确定了本专业改革的指导思想与主要研究内容。提出了专业培养目标、课程框架体系设置、师资队伍建设、教材建设、实验室建设、教学内容与教学手段等改革的方法。     

临海市基本农田信息化建设及具体应用

分析了基本农田信息化建设的现状,提出了临海市基本农田信息化建设的总体框架。阐述了基本农田信息系统的建设,以及基本农田信息系统的具体作用。对于各地的基本农田信息化建设具有一定的借鉴意义和价值。