Hydrogeochemical processes of thallium in a rural area of Southwest Guizhou, China

The water system in a rural area of Lanmuchang in Southwest Guizhou is facing a risk of thallium (Tl) contamination due to Tl mineralization around the area. The major trace elements and Tl in the water system are studied to understand the hydrogeochemical processes of Tl constrained by Tl mineralization. The results showed that the dispersion pattern of Tl follows a descending order in concentration from mine groundwater (deep groundwater) →stream water→shallow groundwater→background water, reflecting the impact of Tl mineralization on the hydrogeochemical composition. Tl concentrations in stream water in both regimes are remarkably higher (2-30 fold) downstream than up- and mid-streams, probably caused by the unidentified discharge of deep groundwater. Low Tl levels are detected in the current drinking water, however, the highly elevated Tl in stream water and ground water may pose a potential environmental risk through daily washing and agricultural irrigation. This study suggests that human activities, such as agricultural irrigation, could intensify the environmental risk of Tl.     

An 8.1Ma calcite record of Asian summer monsoon evolution on the Chinese central Loess Plateau

Carbonates in loess-red clay sequences consist mainly of calcite and dolomite. The EDTA analysis of carbonates in different size fractions and magnetic susceptibility reveal that calcite is a sensitive index of summer monsoon. The chemical analysis of carbonates and calcite from an 8.1 Ma loess-red clay sequence at Chaona on the Chinese central Loess Plateau shows that the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon experienced four stages, namely 8.1―5.5 Ma, 5.5―2.8 Ma, 2.8―1.5 Ma and 1.5―0 Ma, with increasing intensification and fluctuation, suggesting a possible combining impacts of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and global changes on the Asian summer monsoon.     

Importance of advective zone in longitudinal mixing experiments

One-dimensional Fickian dispersion models such as the advection diffusion equation (ADE) are commonly used to analyse and predict concentration distributions downstream of contamination events in watercourses. Such models are only valid once the tracer had entered the equilibrium zone. This paper compares previous theoretical, experimental and numerical estimates of the distance to reach the equilibrium zone with new experimental values, obtained by examining the change of skewness in a tracer profile, downstream of a cross-sectionally well mixed source. Closer agreement was found with Fischers’ theoretical estimate than prior experimental and numerical studies.     

唐古拉山地区三叠纪层序地层分析及构造演化

三叠纪充填的一套碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩地层,被划分为两个超层序和5个层序单元。超层序Ⅰ以复理石建造为特征,是金沙江缝合带初始碰撞作用的产物,是唐古拉山地区三叠纪前陆盆地早期挠曲沉降构造活动的沉积响应,标志着晚三叠世诺利期前陆盆地业已形成;超层序Ⅱ以磨拉石与酸性火山岩建造为特征,是前陆盆地晚期冲断抬升构造演化的沉积响应,表明晚三叠世瑞替期来自造山带的沉积物开始越过前陆隆起向隆后盆地迁移。     

西藏改则西北部喀湖错把拉湖区13kaBP以来的湖泊沉积与环境演化

通过对藏北喀湖错把拉湖区湖积剖面的研究,建立了该区13kaBP以来的沉积序列,并将13kaBP以来的气候划分为2个干冷期和2个湿润期。其中2个湿润期和第二旋回的干冷期可分别与北半球第一、二新高温期和第二新冰期大致对比,基本反映了末次冰消期以来全球气候变化的一般规律,青藏高原腹地对于全球气候变化的响应是比较敏锐的。     

浙江土壤地球化学基准值与环境背景值

以浙江省农业地质环境调查取得的区域地球化学资料(2002—2004年)为依据,遵循地球化学背景值的基本概念,根据成土母质类型将土壤地球化学基准值划分成13个统计单元,土壤环境背景值以浙北杭嘉湖与宁绍平原、浙东沿海温黄与温瑞平原、浙中金衢盆地区统计单元,在反复剔除异常数据后,获得了52种元素(氧化物)的平均值、标准离差和变异系数,为区域土壤环境质量标准的制订、土壤污染评价和治理修复提供了重要的地球化学依据。     

福建沿海经济带生态地球化学调查与评价

介绍了福建省沿海经济带生态地球化学调查的主要成果。总体上该区地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类土壤占全区总面积的98.44%,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤占全区总面积的1.56%,主要分布在中心城市内,主要污染元素为Hg、Cd、Cu;质量好、适合海水养殖的第一类沉积物样品占92.36%,质量较差的第二类沉积物样品占6.84%;地表水和浅层地下水样中大部分元素处于自然低背景含量状态,部分水样Mn、Fe超标。该区存在的生态地球化学问题有:①山地土壤pH值低,Ca、Mg缺乏;②岛屿、半岛及台地土地贫瘠;③河口平原土壤、海湾沉积物重金属元素含量高。较高的自然背景含量、强酸性的表生环境和工业污染的共同作用,造成部分农产品有害元素含量超标。     

汉江水利工程与环境水文及测验方法研究

汉江干支流上多座水利枢纽工程的修建,使汉江众多水文站由天然水文进入受水利工程影响的环境水文,其水文情势完全受人工调节,水文要素之间关系复杂多变,这给水文测验和成果计算带来了很大的难度。为此,我们研究出了适合受汉江水利工程影响的环境水文测验方法,提出了水库下游测站输沙模数采用当年入库输沙量加区间来沙计算公式。其测验方法可供同类测站参考。     

金江滑坡成因离散元模拟

在对金江巨型滑坡的工程环境条件及现今坡体物质组成、自身结构及变形破坏特征等方面调查研究的基础上,宏观判断滑坡为整体式滑移-弯曲破坏模式。为直观反映滑坡变形破坏的过程,根据对滑坡区基岩结构特征的分析,采用离散元软件2D_Block对滑坡成因机制进行模拟。根据滑坡普遍发育的地形地貌特征,恢复滑坡区原始斜坡地形,根据岩体结构划分模型计算单元,将地震效应考虑进2D_Block模型参数中。通过计算,展现了滑坡的发展演化过程,并将其分为三个阶段,即轻微隆起阶段、强烈隆起阶段、滑面贯通剪出阶段。     

连续降雨作用下非饱和土边坡的稳定性分析

在边坡稳定性研究中,吸力的影响经常被忽略。基于非饱和土的渗流理论,利用数值分析方法研究了一个由于连续降雨导致的非饱和土边坡失稳的工程实例。研究结果表明:非饱和土的吸力对于维持边坡稳定具有重要影响,而吸力与降雨频率、降雨量、降雨时间、蒸发量等密切相关。对于工程实践而言,吸力的监测对于维持土坡稳定具有重要意义。