Simulation of Flat-Bottom Structure Slamming

1.Introduction Inthepastdecades,theproblemofwaterentryhasbeenstudiedextensively(VonKarman,1929;AraiandMiyauchi,1998;ZhaoandFaltinsen,1993;Chuang,1966,1967;Takagiand Dobashi,2003).ThepioneerworkcanbetracedtoWagner’smomentumimpacttheory.Hecalculat edthevelocitypotentialaroundthefallingbodyandeducedaformulaofpressureactingonthefalling bodyvaryingwithtimeandspace.Butinhistheory,manyassumptionsweremadeandtheroleofair wasignoredsothatsomeerrorsoccurwhenhisformulaisusedtopredictthepressureofimp…     

软弱厚煤层沿空留巷变形破坏特征及控制研究

针对软弱厚煤层综放开采沿空留巷动压显现明显,顶板易出现不均匀切顶下沉等问题。通过现场调研、理论分析和数值模拟,阐明了软弱厚煤层综放开采沿空留巷动压显现特征和变形机制,提出了软弱厚煤层沿煤层顶板布置沿空留巷变形协同支护体系。研究结果表明：综放开采采出厚度大,沿煤层底板留巷时沿空留巷煤层顶板承载能力差,“底板−巷旁支护体−顶板”支护体系载能力不协调,是造成软弱厚煤层沿空留巷产生大变形的主要原因;沿煤层顶板留巷变形协同支护体系的提出提高了沿空留巷帮部、顶底板及巷旁支护体的协同承载能力,可有效地保证软弱厚煤层沿空留巷的围岩稳定。研究成果在古城煤矿的成功应用,证明了该支护体系在软弱厚煤层综放沿空留巷中的可行性。     

竖向应力及干密度对砾石土土-水特征曲线的影响研究

利用SWC-150 Fredlund土-水特征曲线压力仪,对不同干密度的砾石土进行不同竖向应力作用下的土-水特征试验,探讨了干密度和竖向应力对土-水特征曲线(SWCC)的影响。采用Fredlund & Xing三参数模型对试验所得的土-水特征曲线进行最小二乘法拟合,获得了土-水特征曲线的模型参数,并探讨了其变化规律。随着竖向应力及干密度的增大,模型参数n增大,m减小。除吸湿阶段拟合参数a随干密度略微减小外,其余情况a随竖向应力和干密度密度的增大而增大。结合土-水特征曲线拟合函数,分析研究了竖向应力和干密度对土-水特征曲线的进气值或进水值以及斜率的影响规律,提出了土-水特征曲线的进气值或进水值以及过渡段斜率与竖向应力和干密度的定量关系。结果表明：进气值或进水值与竖向应力和干密度呈线性关系,但吸湿阶段的进水值随干密度变化不明显;土-水特征曲线的斜率与竖向应力呈双曲线关系,与干密度呈直线关系。     

Precious coral fisheries management in Taiwan—Past,present & future

Taiwan used to have the biggest precious coral fisheries industry in the world. However, due to changes in the fishery, including increased fishing restrictions and the replacement of obsolete vessels, the scale of the industry had been gradually reduced since 1979. Unfortunately, the initiative proved to be poorly managed and resulted in an increase in illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) coral fishing. This forced the government to review and amend the precious coral fisheries management regulations, which had been in place for decades. The Taiwanese government introduced stringent monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) management methods, already used in deep water fisheries, as a precautionary approach. At the same time, an investigation and evaluation of existing resources was carried out. Together, these initiatives were introduced in order to encourage the domestic industry to adopt the concept of ecosystem-based fishery management.     

楔形物体在静水与波浪中自由入水砰击试验研究

通过自由落体的入水方式,分别在静水和规则波中开展了两种不同横剖面的曲面楔形体入水砰击问题试验研究。使用高速摄像系统记录楔形体入水过程流场演变和运动特性,采用加速度传感器和压力传感器进行数据的动态采集。试验结果表明,在静水中入水时,外凸剖面楔形体入水砰击后模型两侧的射流飞溅比反曲剖面更剧烈,而在楔形体前端的水面以下部分形成的气腔更小;在规则波中入水时,对于相同模型,在波峰和上跨零点相位下模型入水砰击后两侧的射流飞溅比在波谷相位更剧烈。相同工况时,反曲剖面模型所受砰击的加速度峰值和压力峰值更小;在相同的入水速度下,对于相同模型,波浪载荷和砰击载荷的共同作用会使模型所受砰击压力显著增大。     

Water entry of a finite width wedge near a floating body

The problem of a two-dimensional finite-width wedge entering water near a freely floating body is considered through the velocity potential theory for the incompressible liquid with the fully nonlinear boundary conditions on the free surface. The problem is solved by using the boundary element method in the time domain. The numerical process is divided into two phases based on whether the interaction between the wedge and floating body is significant. In the first phase, when the single wedge enters water at initial stage, only a small part near its tip is in the fluid, the problem is studied in a stretched coordinate system and the presence of the floating body has no major effect. In the second phase, the disturbance by water entry of the wedge has reached the floating body, and both are considered together in the physical system. The auxiliary function method is adopted to decouple the nonlinear mutual dependence between the motions of the wedge and floating body, both in three degrees of freedom, and the fluid flow, as well as the interaction effects between them. Case studies are undertaken for a wedge entering water in forced or free fall motion, vertically or obliquely. Results are provided for the accelerations, velocities, pressure distribution and free surface deformation, and the interaction effects are discussed.     

中国海外港口投资格局的空间演化及其机理

伴随着2000年“走出去”写入国家战略和2013年“一带一路”合作倡议提出,中国正在不断加快海外港口投资的步伐。论文构建了中国企业海外港口投资案例的数据库,分析了1978年至今中国海外港口投资格局在全球范围的空间演化过程,并从地域结构、参与主体、股权变化等多个方面阐明了中国企业进入海外港口的特征与路径,总结了企业进入海外港口的主要模式,进一步探索了进入模式之间的内在关系,最后基于为什么“走出去”、为什么在这里布局、为什么选择这种模式3个递进的过程探讨了中国海外港口投资的发展机理。研究表明：中国海外港口投资的空间格局经历了零星分布、就近布局、全球扩散、局部集聚和总体稳定5个发展阶段,总体上集中布局于西北欧和地中海航区,投资主体包括大型航运企业、码头运营商和基建企业,海外港口投资的目标从参股转为控股。海外港口进入模式包括基础设施项目承建、港口经营权转让、港口股权收购和码头管理输出4种,进入模式具有交错演化的特点。中国企业进入海外港口的内在动因可以总结为国家经济发展环境、重大对外开放战略、全球航运格局和地理替代性和企业自身发展需求。     

水平定向穿越大口径管道起吊仿真分析

水平定向穿越管道起吊过程中,管道的吊点位置决定管道入土角度,如果入土角度偏大或者偏小,都可能导致管道在入土时发生卡管或瘪管事故。通过对管道起吊过程中入土角度、吊点位置对管道应力的影响进行仿真分析,得到：吊点2与管道前端相距10 m,入土角为10°时,两吊点的许用间距为22～28 m;入土角为12°时,两吊点的许用间距为28～36 m;入土角为14°时,两吊点的许用间距为30～36 m,此时管道起吊过程中,管道处于安全状态。当入土角度超过16°时,管道应力超出了管道的屈服应力,因此管道入土角度不宜超过16°。     

典型留巷顶板条件下巷旁充填体支护阻力分析

将工程实践中接触到的留巷顶板分为厚层直接顶、薄层直接顶和无直接顶3种类型,利用叠加连续层板模型,考虑巷帮煤体承载作用和导致顶板垮落诱因,得出了3种顶板条件下的巷旁支护阻力计算公式。研究表明,巷帮煤体、充填区域顶板承载性能的提高有助于降低巷旁充填体支护阻力。随直接顶厚度的减小,充填体支护阻力反而增大。基本顶层位不同,顶板垮落诱因不同。厚层直接顶时,顶板垮落为自重引起;薄层直接顶时,顶板垮落为基本顶上位岩层作用所致     

沿空留巷上覆岩层关键块稳定性力学分析及巷旁充填体宽度确定

由于沿空留巷服务时间较长,巷道围岩变形较大,合理地计算巷旁充填体宽度至关重要。根据沿空留巷上覆岩层的活动规律,建立了关键块和直接顶的力学模型,分析了关键块与沿空留巷围岩相互作用机制,推导出巷旁支护阻力的计算公式,并引入了关键块稳定性系数K1、K2及其稳定性影响因素的敏感度。研究结果表明,当K1>1时,关键块发生挤压变形失稳;当K2>1时,关键块发生滑落失稳。以淮南谢一矿512（5）工作面为工程背景,确定了合理的巷旁充填体宽度,计算出关键块稳定性系数,获得了各影响因素对关键块稳定性的敏感度。实例分析表明,采高对关键块的稳定性影响较大,在大采高工作面中进行沿空留巷较为困难。