A new species of eucypris (ostracoda) from wellington

Eucypris pratensis sp. nov. is described from Wellington. It is considered conspecific with the one previous record of the genus from North Island, New Zealand.     

两种铜(Ⅱ)-司帕沙星配合物与DNA作用及生物毒性比较

选择铜(Ⅱ)-司帕沙星-邻菲啰啉Cu(sf)phenCl(sf代表司帕沙星负离子,phen代表邻菲啰啉)和铜(Ⅱ)-司帕沙星Cu(sf)22种配合物,通过电子吸收光谱法、荧光分析法及琼脂糖凝胶电泳法研究了其与DNA的作用,首次以斑马鱼胚胎为模式生物,研究了它们的生物毒性,并对2种配合物的研究结果进行了比较。光谱实验结果表明:Cu(sf)phenCl与DNA的作用强于Cu(sf)2;琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验结果显示:在抗坏血酸存在条件下,Cu(sf)phenCl对pBR322质粒DNA的切割作用更强;同时,斑马鱼胚胎毒性实验显示Cu(sf)phenCl对斑马鱼胚胎毒性也更大。     

山东省一次冰雹云过程的数值模拟

利用中国气象科学研究院的三维对流云模式,对发生在山东省的一次强降雹天气过程进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与雷达观测资料进行了检验.分析了风暴各发展阶段的流场结构和回波结构特征及微观物理量的分布及其演变.结果表明:雹胚源区出现在主上升气流前侧上升气流向辐散下沉气流的转向处,在垂直方向上位于最大上升速度上方;冰晶碰并过冷水形成霰和冰雹,冰雹粒子在气流循环处生长.研究结果对实际防雹业务有一定参考意义.     

贻贝发育早期酯酶和过氧化物酶活性

采用组织化学和分光光度技术对贻贝(Mytilus edulis)发育早期酯酶(Esterase,EST)和过氧化物酶(Per-oxidase,POD)活性进行了研究,以探讨贝类早期发育过程中的免疫防御机制。EST和POD均存在于贻贝的卵母细胞、胚胎和幼虫中,但在各个发育时期的分布和含量不同。组织化学定位结果表明,从卵母细胞到D型面盘幼虫各个发育时期的胚胎和幼虫均呈EST强阳性和POD阳性;卵母细胞核区较大且颜色较浅;桑椹期开始出现不同细胞阳性的强弱差异;原肠胚、担轮幼虫和D型面盘幼虫细胞间阳性强弱的差异逐步增大。分光光度测定结果表明,α-醋酸酯酶活力,卵母细胞最低,受精卵略有提高,卵裂期胚胎提高较大且达最高峰,囊胚、原肠胚和担轮幼虫又逐渐下降,D型面盘幼虫下降较大;α-丁酸酯酶活力,卵母细胞较高,受精卵略有提高且达到最高峰,卵裂期胚胎到D型面盘幼虫各个时期逐渐下降,D型面盘幼虫最低。不依赖卤素POD活力,卵母细胞最低,受精卵提高较大,囊胚达到最高峰,原肠胚、担轮幼虫和D型面盘幼虫逐渐降低。依赖卤素POD活力与不依赖卤素POD活力的变化规律相似,但受精卵提高较小,而卵裂期提高较大。EST和POD可能在贻贝的发育早期抵抗病原微生物侵染方面发挥重要作用。     

Effects of salinity on embryonic and larval development of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis(Decapoda: Brachyura) and salinity-induced physiological changes

To investigate the effects of salinity on early development of Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ), and the salinity tolerance mechanism of embryos, different developmental stages of embryos (gastrula, eyespot and pre-hatching stage), and hatched stage I zoea and megalopa, were exposed to a range of salinities (1, 5, 10, 15 (control), 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40). Hatching, survival and molting were monitored. Effects of 24-hour hypersaline (35) and hyposaline (1) stress on egg diameter, water content, Na +/K +-ATPase (NKA) activity, and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) gene mRNA expression in embryos and megalopa, are reported. Embryos are more tolerant of low (≤ 5) than high (≥25) salinities, with optimum ranges for gastrula and pre-hatching stage embryos being 5-20, and for eyespot embryo and stage I zoea, 10-20. Most megalopa can molt to the first juvenile instar by day 5 at salinities between 1 and 40, whereas molting of megalopa stages was delayed at 40. Hypersaline conditions resulted in a loss of moisture, reduction of egg volume, and a signifi cant increase in NKA activity and CHH mRNA expression at some developmental stages. Hyposaline conditions did not affect moisture content or egg volume, but resulted in decreased NKA activity and CHH mRNA expression in embryos. For megalopa stages, NKA activity was significantly upregulated following both hypo- and hypersaline stress. Our results suggest high salinity will inhibit development and hatching of E. sinensis embryos, and low salinity will affect the survival of their stage I zoea. Increased NKA activity in embryos and megalopa stages might indicate a hyporegulation response under hypersaline conditions. These findings provide useful information for spawning ground protection of indigenous E . sinensis and enrich the knowledge of embryonic tolerance mechanisms of hyperregulating crustaceans following osmotic stress.     

A field method for the concurrent measurement of fine sediment content and embryo survival in artificial salmonid redds

The infiltration cube method presented in this paper allows concurrent field measurement of fine sediment content and embryo survival in an incubating environment reproducing, as closely as possible, the morphology and grain size composition of a natural salmonid redd. An infiltration cube is made up of a rectangular (30 cm square and 20 cm high) steel frame with no walls, which has a folded plastic bag attached to its base. Each infiltration cube is buried in the substrate using a procedure aimed at reproducing, as closely as possible, the construction and morpho‐sedimentological structure of a natural salmonid redd. Using a tripod installed on the river bed or at the surface of the ice, the infiltration cube method provides a quick, easy and robust way to pull relatively large samples (approximately 65 kg) out of underwater substrate even during tough winter field conditions. The absence of walls on the cube also precludes bias in infiltration rates by both allowing lateral sediment transport within substrate and preventing loss of fine particles during retrieval from underwater. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

泥螺的繁殖生物学研究

研究了泥螺的繁殖方式，繁殖季节，繁殖力，受精卵的孵化，幼虫发育及变态和稚，幼螺的发育过程，泥螺在浙江沿海每年的繁殖期为3-11月，5-6月和9-10月为繁殖高峰。繁殖期内亲螺有一次交配多次产卵现象，平均每个亲螺产卵3-4次，每次产卵群1个，每个卵群平均含有受精卵6282个，个体繁殖力18848.4-25128.0粒，在水温28.5℃条件下，面盘幼虫孵化时间为72h，孵化率为93.8%，幼虫经过2-8d浮游生活后进入匍匐生活，28-30d后发育变态成为稚螺，50d后成为幼螺。     

鮸状黄姑鱼的早期发育研究

本文对状黄姑鱼的胚胎和仔、稚鱼各发育阶段的形态特征进行了描述。绝状黄姑鱼的受精卵为圆球形浮性卵,无色透明。在水温20～23℃,盐度26～30的条件下,经24h35min陆续孵出仔鱼。胚胎发育分为26期。初孵仔鱼至孵化后4日龄为仔鱼前期;孵化后5～22日龄为仔鱼后期;孵化后23～32日龄为雅鱼期;孵化后33日龄进入幼鱼早期。仔、稚鱼培育水温18～28C,盐度20～30。仔鱼2日龄稍开口,3～4日龄为混合营养阶段,是仔鱼的主要危险期。     

苜蓿组织培养体细胞胚发生的细胞学观察

苜蓿无菌苗下胚轴在含２ｍｇ／Ｌ２．４－Ｄ和０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ６ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基中诱导出愈伤组织，愈伤组织在含有３ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ和１．５ｍｇ／ＬＫＴ的ＳＨ培养基中形成胚性愈伤组织，并伴随有体细胞胚的发生。显微观察表明：体细胞胚起源于单个的胚性细胞，它既能在愈伤组织内部发生，又可在其表面发生。体细胞胚经过球形、心形、鱼雷形及子叶胚各阶段可形成再生植株，这为在细胞水平上对苜蓿进行遗传操作及苜蓿品种的改良成为可能。     

波纹龙虾胚胎对五种生态因子的适应性

【目的】研究波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)胚胎对生态因子的耐受能力,为龙虾繁殖提供数据。【方法】采用封闭静水实验方法和常规生物急性毒性实验法。在温度(30±0.5)℃,盐度30,pH(8.10±0.1)和溶解氧(DO)为(5.0±0.5)mg/L条件下,分别进行温度、盐度、pH的骤变和渐变对波纹龙虾胚胎存活影响研究;根据急性毒性预实验结果设置等对数间距浓度值,进行氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎的急性毒性实验。【结果与结论】波纹龙虾胚胎发育的温度、盐度和pH耐受范围分别为7~36℃、15~45和5.8~9.4;波纹龙虾胚胎适宜温度为15~30℃,适宜盐度为30~35,适宜pH为7.0~8.5;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮毒性效应与浓度和暴露时间呈正相关。氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮暴露24~96 h,波纹龙虾胚胎存活率组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。氨氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC₅₀)分别是180.46、61.11、41.87、26.58 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为2.66 mg/L;亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的LC₅₀分别是839.50、423.75、214.48、135.41 mg/L,SC为13.54 mg/L。