Quality mapping of the Ryytimaa dolomite in western Finland

The Ryytimaa dolomite formation in western Finland is mined for fertilizing purposes in agriculture. Ordinary kriging, indicator kriging, and indicator principal components simulation were used to map the dolomite quality. The fertilizing properties depend on the relative amounts of MgO and neutralizing CaO in dolomite. Based on the chemical composition the dolomite is divided into six quality classes according to the Finnish legislation. This quality classification is only partially in accordance with the three populations inferred from the distributions of the MgO, CaO, and neutralizing CaO contents. These populations probably represent compositionally different dolomite layers, now forming complicated fold interference structures that are visible on the kriged maps. The mapping of the quality, and thus, selective mining of the dolomite deposit is possible using the quality classification based on the three populations. In contrast, selective mining of the dolomite based on the legislation is difficult—at least with techniques used in this study.     

Testing spatial heterogeneity in geographically weighted principal components analysis

We propose a method to evaluate the existence of spatial variability in the covariance structure in a geographically weighted principal components analysis (GWPCA). The method, that is extensive to locally weighted principal components analysis, is based on performing a statistical hypothesis test using the eigenvectors of the PCA scores covariance matrix. The application of the method to simulated data shows that it has a greater statistical power than the current statistical test that uses the eigenvalues of the raw data covariance matrix. Finally, the method was applied to a real problem whose objective is to find spatial distribution patterns in a set of soil pollutants. The results show the utility of GWPCA versus PCA.     

Magnetic interpretation of two-dimensional dikes using integration-nomograms

The magnetic anomaly caused by a buried dike is separated into its even and odd components, which have a simple symmetry with respect to the origin. These values are integrated up to the half-maximum abscissa for the even component, and the maximum abscissa for the odd component. The integration nomograms are generated using various values to the half-width and depth in the theoretical anomaly equations. These nomograms are used to determine the half-width and depth to the top of the dike for the field anomaly. The method also includes the determination of the index parameter (Q) and the amplitude coefficient (P). An example using theoretical data shows the effectiveness of the present method.     

Helmert型方差—协方差分量估计的通用公式

本文在概括函数模型和它的通用公式的基础上,导出了一个适用于所有平差方法的方差—协方差分量估计的通用公式,并由此给出方差分量估计的通用公式和简化的通用公式。     

THE CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF SLOPE NET RADIATION IN CHINA*

By using the climatological calculating method for each component of slope surface net radiation proposed by the authors,calculations and analyses are done of the distribution features of slope net radiation in China with emphasis on the discussion of variations of slope net radiation in typical stations and sites with slope direction,slope,latitude and season.The distribution features of net radiation on the north and south slopes are,for the first time,mapped and discussed,revealing the great difference on the national basis,and thus acquiringa new interesting result that the negative-value area of winter net radiation on the north slope(20°)can reach Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces and middle and upper reaches of the Changjiang River.     

Application of principal component analysis to understand variability of rainfall

The usefulness of principal component analysis for understanding the temporal variability of monsoon rainfall is studied. Monthly rainfall data of Karnataka, spread on 50 stations for a period of 82 years have been analysed for interseasonal and interannual variabilities. A subset of the above data comprising 10 stations from the coherent west zone of Karnataka has also been investigated to bring out statistically significant interannual signals in the southwest monsoon rainfall. Conditional probabilities are proposed for a few above normal/below normal transitions. A sample prediction exercise for June–July using such a transition probability has been found to be successful.     

硅酸盐固溶体矿物中组分的非韵律型空间分布及其形成过程的动力学机制

本文探讨了固溶体矿物中组分非韵律型空间分布的两种局域平衡结晶动力学模型: (1) 当固相中无扩散,而熔体中完全混合时,结晶作用满足如下模型: dx/ed=(x-f)/(1-e) (2) 当固相中无扩散,而熔体中仅有扩散时,结晶作用满足如下模型:提出了非韵律型组分空间分布的成因主要归因子岩浆的非平衡结晶和结晶过程中的动力学行为。     

基于AutoCAD的城市部件普查数据处理系统研究与应用

介绍了基于C#语言,用AutoCAD的.NET API进行插件开发的相关技术。并以城市部件普查项目为例,阐述了在AutoCAD二次开发中的AutoCAD数据库技术、交互界面技术、数据通信技术、自动成图技术、数据输入输出技术的实现方法。实践表明,用C#进行AutoCAD的二次开发,不仅方法容易掌握,实用性强,还可以根据实际需求,快速实现功能定制,极大地提高了工作效率。     

基于构图特点的嵌入式电子地图快速显示方法

对地图分区域构图特点进行了研究,结合嵌入式电子地图数据组织与图形特点,提出了一种集成行程长度与多段扫描转换算法的高效绘线方法,利用地图格网索引技术对算法进行了集成,验证了算法的效率。     

数字城管部件数据库艺术化表达技术研究

数字城管部件在城市管理应用中是一种专业性极强而又抽象的符号,对非专业人员来说很难辨别不同类型的部件符号,也给数字城市的管理带来许多不便。针对这种现状,本文提出了数字城管基础部件的艺术化表达技术研究,将对城市中的专业部件符号进行后期加工处理,采取特殊手段进行美化,使它看起来不仅形象美观,而且蕴藏着丰富的信息量,普通用户也可方便使用。这将在数字城管建设中发挥强大的作用,并且有力推动地理信息技术在智慧城市中的应用。