基于桥梁抖振分析的自激力计算方法

抖振是桥梁在风荷载作用下的一种经常性的限幅振动。对于长大跨度桥梁在计算其抖振响应时不得不考虑自激力的影响，而自激力的计算方法不一，且其计算过程复杂，繁琐。本文根据抖振计算理论，研究一种自激力的实用计算方法，并对军山斜拉桥进行自激力计算。     

地震前兆数据的自动传输与入库

以数字观测地震前兆数据的传输，处理，入库和服务的流程为基础。研究实现了前兆台网中心对前兆数据的自动传输，入库和管理，减少了人为干预，有效地提高了前兆数据处理工作的效率。     

Cation ordering in omphacite and effect on deformation mechanism and lattice preferred orientation (LPO)

We present microstructural data and lattice preferred orientations (LPOs) of omphacites from a suite of eclogites, from the Adula/Cima Lunga nappe (Central Alps). Our work shows a surprisingly strong correlation between the measured LPO and the ordering state of cations in omphacite. Estimates of deformation temperature from metamorphic petrology, together with measured omphacite compositions and LPOs, determine the field (ordering state), on the omphacite phase diagram, into which each sample falls. LPOs dominated by L-type and S-type signatures are developed in samples that fall in the P2/n field (ordered structure) and C2/c field (disordered structure), respectively.Dislocations with b=1/2−110 or b=[001] are observed in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) in all samples. The former change from a perfect dislocation in the C2/c structure to a partial in P2/n. Any movement of a partial dislocation requires the formation or growth of a stacking fault. Furthermore, in order to pass an obstacle a partial dislocation has to constrict to a unit dislocation. The energy to form a constriction is high in omphacite due to the large separation width. Thus, the activity of the b=1/2−110 dislocation is hindered in the P2/n structure relative to the C2/c structure, which change the balance between the two and might give rise to the different LPOs.     

粉喷桩复合地基的数值计算分析

结合粉喷桩复合地基的特点，提出采用过渡层模拟桩接触面的思路，进行了轴对称Biot固结有限元计算分析。与实测资料对比表明，可较好地揭示粉喷桩复合地基的荷载传递规律和沉降变形特性。通过对加固区和下卧层的应力计算分析，揭示了粉喷桩复合地基的附加应力场的分布特性，说明所采用的计算方法是合理可行的。     

Diatoms as indicators of climatic and limnological change in Swedish Lapland: a 100-lake calibration set and its validation for paleoecological reconstructions

This study investigated the distribution of subfossil diatom assemblages in surficial sediments of 100 lakes along steep ecological and climatic gradients in northernmost Sweden (Abisko region, 67.07° N to 68.48° N latitude, 17.67° E to 23.52° E longitude) to develop and cross-validate transfer functions for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Of 19 environmental variables determined for each site, 15 were included in the statistical analysis. Lake-water pH (8.0%), sedimentary loss-on-ignition (LOI, 5.9% and estimated mean July air temperature (July T, 4.8%) explained the greatest amounts of variation in the distribution of diatom taxa among the 100 lakes. Temperature and pH optima and tolerances were calculated for abundant taxa. Transfer functions, based on WA-PLS (weighted averaging partial least squares), were developed for pH (r² = 0.77, root-mean-square-error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.19 pH units, maximum bias = 0.31, as assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation) based on 99 lakes and for July T (r² = 0.75, RMSEP = 0.96 °C, max. bias = 1.37 °C) based on the full 100 lake set. We subsequently assessed the ability of the diatom transfer functions to estimate lake-water pH and July T using a form of independent cross-validation. To do this, the 100-lake set was divided in two subsets. An 85-lake training-set (based on single limnological measurements) was used to develop transfer functions with similar performance as those based on the full 100 lakes, and a 15-lake test-set (with 2 years of monthly limnological measurements throughout the ice-free seasons) was used to test the transfer functions developed from the 85-lake training-set. Results from the intra-set cross-validation exercise demonstrated that lake-specific prediction errors (RMSEP) for the 15-lake test-set corresponded closely with the median measured values (pH) and the estimations based on spatial interpolations of data from weather stations (July T). The prediction errors associated with diatom inferences were usually within the range of seasonal and interannual variability. Overall, our results confirm that diatoms can provide reliable and robust estimates of lake-water pH and July T, that WA-PLS is a robust calibration method and that long-term environmental data are needed for further improvement of paleolimnological transfer functions.     

Chinese Industrial and Science Parks: Bridging the Gap

This article proposes the addition of a “bridge high technology” stage to Park's (1996) Asian development model, based upon field research and analysis of four “science and technology parks” in different regions of China: Shenzhen, Shanghai, Suzhou, and Xi’an. Initially established as learning districts to foster technology transfer from foreign to domestic enterprises, these specially configured spaces exhibit a variety of interactions indicating an increasing shift toward domestically generated technology for native companies. The mix and type of companies in parks at different locations within China reflect the locational comparative advantages of each place, whether as an outgrowth of local research or by government design.     

基于栅格累加法的塔里木盆地沙漠化分析

土地沙漠化是当今全球最严峻的环境问题之一,也是我国西北干旱区面临的主要生态环境问题。开展土地沙漠化动态研究有助于沙漠化灾害防治与国土资源空间开发。以2000-2018年MODIS-NDVI 1 km月数据为基础,运用栅格累加法与转移矩阵法对塔里木盆地土地沙漠化的变化速率、空间特征及其成因进行探索分析,结果表明:(1)土地沙漠化是一个具有年际波动和累积效应的动态变化过程;(2)栅格累加法具有较强的连续动态分析能力,能准确分析土地沙漠化变化速率、演变趋势、变化的空间特征,可以定量分析土地沙漠化原因;(3)塔里木盆地沙漠化退化主要是草地的退化,沙漠化改善则主要是林地和耕地的改善;(4)2000-2018年,塔里木盆地土地沙漠化整体呈极重度沙漠化逐级向非沙漠化变化的改善趋势,转移路径为:极重度沙漠化→重度沙漠化→中度沙漠化→轻度沙漠化→非沙漠化,改善区主要分布在绿洲区,恶化区主要在塔里木河中游与车尔臣河下游,土地沙漠化成因主要为人类活动。此文研究方法为土地沙漠化动态监测提供了一种新思路,其研究结果可为塔里木盆地国土资源开发和沙漠化治理提供理论依据。     

Significance of a combined approach for replacement stones in the heritage buildings’ conservation frame

Stone substitution is a conventional operation during heritage buildings’ restoration, but becomes problematic for architects and restorers when the quarry is mined out. The compatibility of the substitution stones with the original ones has been for long mainly based on the aesthetical aspect, this resulting too often in a patchwork of original and substitution stones with different patina after several years because of differences of properties. In this study, the objective is to show how substitution stones can be selected by combining aesthetic criteria and stones properties that are relevant for analyzing their compatibility. A couple of French limestones with their potential substitution stones were selected for the study. Our results showed that potential substitution stones selected on their aesthetic criteria require to be rejected because of their differences of physical properties. On the other hand, our results showed also the possibility to select substitution stones with satisfactory aesthetic aspect and properties that enable to expect a satisfactory compatibility with the original stone.     

两种区域电离层拟合模型比较研究

建立了单基准站和多基准站的三角级数模型和多项式模型,设计了利用邻近站数据进行两种模型内外符合精度检验的方法,分析了两种模型在精度方面的差异。     

应急输水工程对塔里木河下游生态环境时空变化影响的遥感监测与分析

采用现代化高新技术对流域生态环境进行动态监测,是流域规划和综合治理的重要依据。本文以塔里木河下游地区的三期遥感影像及基础背景数据为基础,基于遥感和GIS技术,通过分类体系划分、遥感解译、生态模型构建,实现了塔里木河下游地区多源、多类型监测数据的定性、定量分析。分析结果表明：应急输水工程实施后,随着累计输水量的逐渐增加,塔里木河下游地区的中、高植被覆盖度面积也逐渐增加,非沙漠化和轻度沙漠化面积扩大,而中度沙漠化面积缩小,生态环境趋于好转。