机载LiDAR点云获取与高精度DEM建设关键技术探讨

结合广东省机载LiDAR点云获取与高精度DEM建设项目,介绍了项目总体技术路线,针对项目难点,从设备选择、点云密度设计、植被覆盖密集山区数据获取方法、点云数据分类组合算法、空白区处理等5个方面的关键技术进行了探讨,并提出解决方案,为同类项目的设计与实施提供参考。     

Geo-scape,a granularity depended spatialization tool for visualizing multidimensional data sets

Recently,the expertise accumulated in the field of geovisualization has found application in the visualization of abstract multidimensional data,on the basis of methods called spatialization methods.Spatialization methods aim at visualizing multidimensional data into low-dimensional representational spaces by making use of spatial metaphors and applying dimension reduction techniques.Spatial metaphors are able to provide a metaphoric framework for the visualization of information at different levels of gran...     

利用GPS研究南极电离层TEC对太阳耀斑的异常响应

利用了南极地区IGS站和中山站GPS观测数据,计算了太阳耀斑期间的电离层TEC,分析了南极电离层TEC对太阳耀斑的异常响应。     

电离层TEC的预测模型

电离层总电子含量（TEC）的精确预报对提高GNSS导航精度,保障无线电空间远程通讯具有重要作用。分析了IGS发布的电离层格网点总电子含量（TEC）的时间序列特点,基于时间序列分析理论,以AR模型对格网点TEC随机时间序列平稳化后建模和预报。实例分析表明,研究的预报技术和方法是可行的。     

密度法与色度法描述印刷颜色之比较

文中作者着重从测量和计算两个方面,对密度法与色度法描述印刷颜色的优劣进行了分析和比较。     

利用地震面波和重力资料联合反演地壳—上地幔三维密度结构的方法探讨

本文探讨了利用地震面波和重力资料联合反演地壳－地幔三维密度结构的反演问题。首先建立了地震面波和重力资料的观测方程,然后应用广义线性反线理论给出了反演问题的解。模型试验结果表明,与单纯面波反演的结果相比,联合反演的解在分析率和方差两个方面都有改善,当加入扰动重力数据时,在０－３００ｋｍ深度范围内联合反演的结果明显好于单纯面波反演的结果。     

Retrieval of effective leaf area index (LAIe) and leaf area density (LAD) profile at individual tree level using high density multi-return airborne LiDAR

As an important canopy structure indicator, leaf area index (LAI) proved to be of considerable implications for forest ecosystem and ecological studies, and efficient techniques for accurate LAI acquisitions have long been highlighted. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), often termed as airborne laser scanning (ALS), once was extensively investigated for this task but showed limited performance due to its low sampling density. Now, ALS systems exhibit more competing capacities such as high density and multi-return sampling, and hence, people began to ask the questions like—“can ALS now work better on the task of LAI prediction?” As a re-examination, this study investigated the feasibility of LAI retrievals at the individual tree level based on high density and multi-return ALS, by directly considering the vertical distributions of laser points lying within each tree crown instead of by proposing feature variables such as quantiles involving laser point distribution modes at the plot level. The examination was operated in the case of four tree species (i.e. Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula and Quercus robur) in a mixed forest, with their LAI-related reference data collected by using static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). In light of the differences between ALS- and TLS-based LAI characterizations, the methods of voxelization of 3D scattered laser points, effective LAI (LAIe) that does not distinguish branches from canopies and unified cumulative LAI (ucLAI) that is often used to characterize the vertical profiles of crown leaf area densities (LADs) was used; then, the relationships between the ALS- and TLS-derived LAIes were determined, and so did ucLAIs. Tests indicated that the tree-level LAIes for the four tree species can be estimated based on the used airborne LiDAR (R² = 0.07, 0.26, 0.43 and 0.21, respectively) and their ucLAIs can also be derived. Overall, this study has validated the usage of the contemporary high density multi-return airborne LiDARs for LAIe and LAD profile retrievals at the individual tree level, and the contribution are of high potential for advancing forest ecosystem modeling and ecological understanding.     

基于规则格网的DEM插值实验

通过地形建模,将6个地形隶属函数按照101×101,112×112,126×126,144×144,168×168,201×201,257×257 7种格网密度生成6种局部地形单元的规则格网DEM;使用反距离加权(IDW)等7种插值算法,将前6种格网密度下的DEM插值成257×257规格;从原始257×257DEM中随机抽取检查点计算残差,并对残差中误差进行分析。通过分组插值实验,运用控制变量法、方差分析等方法研究地貌类型、采样密度和插值算法对DEM插值精度的影响。     

复杂地势下轻小型无人机LiDAR自主航线设计

针对现有的LiDAR航线设计软件绝大多数针对大中型无人机,主要依靠飞行人员根据实际经验敷设航线,少数采用传统摄影测量改变基线长度的方式实现复杂地势下LiDAR航线自动敷设,但高地势地区航线较密,飞行成本高,有局限性,目前能实现轻小型无人机载LiDAR航线自主敷设的软件很少等问题,参照轻小型机载LiDAR的特点,该文提出一种复杂地势下基于DEM改变航高的航线设计方法。以延庆某山区进行试验。结果表明:该方法适当放宽分区高差限制,综合考虑地形信息、飞机性能等要素,使得单条航带点云密度得到保证,提高航线规划效率,节约飞行时间。将考虑DEM与未考虑DEM两种方式对比,确保重叠度,满足工程点云密度,便于后期数据处理。     

论(N-ζ)公式的内涵及推求N的精度

介绍了大地水准面(N)与似大地水准面(ζ)之差公式的推导方法,揭示了其物理内涵,论述了其在精化大地水准面中的重要作用。当似大地水准面精度达到cm级时,大地水准面也将达到同样的精度。