广西百色盆地湖相有机质中单环烷烃分布特征及其地化意义浅析

笔者运用GC—MS方法,在广西百色盆地湖相暗色泥岩和原油的UNA组分中普遍检测到单环烷烃。经初步研究认为,此类化合物碳数组成与分布和典型海相有机质明显有别。同一样品中烷基环己烷、正构烷烃和一元正脂肪酸的碳数组成、分布的相似性为烷基环己烷源于脂肪酸提供了证据,因而此类化合物亦属生物标志化合物,是生源物输入和油源对比的潜在良好标志。     

机房干扰源的分析

从理论上分析了机房中干扰产生的原因,提出了压低干扰的措施。     

Lateral heterogeneities in the upper and mid-mantle conductivity in Argentina

Regional studies of Sq variations measured at five permanent observatories in Argentina were performed to estimate the distribution of the electrical conductivity of the upper and mid-mantle, reaching a depth of approximately 800 km. After separating the total field into its parts of external and internal origin, the in duced field was modeled, applying two-dimensional techniques. Additionally, induction arrows and an equivalent apparent resistivity curve were calculated A north-south heterogeneity was detected, showing an increase of the conductivity of the shallower layers north of the profile, which may be related to the presence of high volcanic activity in the area.Also at CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas).     

The role of wind direction in eolian transport on a narrow sandy beach

Comparison of eolian transport during five high-velocity wind events over a 29 day period on a narrow estuarine beach in Delaware Bay, New Jersey, USA, reveals the temporal variability of transport, due to changes in direction of wind approach. Mean wind speed measured 6 m above the dune crest for the five events ranged from 8·5 to 15·9 ms^?1. Mean wind direction was oblique to the shoreline (63° from shore-normal) during one event but was within 14° of shore-normal during the other events. Eolian transport is greatest during low tide and rising tide, when the beach source area is widest and when drying of surface sediments occurs. The quantity of sediment caught in a vertical trap for the five events varied from a total of 0·07 to 113·73 kgm^?1. Differences in temperature, relative humidity and moisture and salt content of surficial sediments were slight. Mean grain sizes ranged from 0·33 to 0·58 mm, causing slight differences in threshold shear velocity, but shear velocities exceeded the threshold required for transport during all events. Beach width, measured normal to the shoreline, varied from 15·5 to 18·0 m; beach slope differed by 0·5°. The oblique wind during one event created a source width nearly double the width during other days. Beach slope, measured in the direction of the wind, was less than half as steep as the slope measured normal to the shoreline. The amount of sand trapped during the oblique wind was over 20 times greater than any other event, even those with higher shear velocities. The ability of the beach surface to supply grains to the air stream is limited on narrow beaches, but increased source width, due to oblique wind approach, can partially overcome limitations of surface conditions on the beach.     

Applications of seismic moment tensor inversion in fast response to earthquakes

IntroductionAfteramoderateorstronger(Ms25.0)earthquake,themosturgentworkofthedivisionforearthquakemonitoringandpredictionistodetermineitstimeoforigin,hypocentrallocation(longitude,latitudeanddepth)andmagnitudeandtojudgethetrendofseismicregimedevelopmentassoonaspossible.Ingeneralcases,whenanearthquakewithMS25.0insideChinaoraonewithMS26.0inneighboringareasofChinahasoccurred,theEarthquakeBulletinofChineseSeismologicalNetworkcanprovidedeterminationoftheorigintime,hypocentrallocation(longitude,…     

Tempo-spatial rupture process of the 1997 Mani, Xizang (Tibet), China earthquake of MS=7.9

IntroductionAnearthquakeofMs=7.9occurredinMaul,Xizang(Tibet),Chinaat10:02f55.4(UTC),No')ember8.1997.TheepicenterdeterminedbyChinaNationalSeismographNetwork(CNSN)is87.33"E.3>.26'N,thefocaldepthis40km,andthemagnitudeisMs=7.4.Accordingtothedeterllllnati...     

变质作用矿床概述

近代矿床学研究已初步摆脱经典和相对立的内生及外生作用矿床的研究范围,走向一个以整体地质环境为背景,以各种地质作用相互联系为基础的动力学研究方向,并从矿床的源区和源岩出发,在不同的地质作用下特别是与挥发组分的参与相结合,追溯其矿床的形成过程。变质作用矿床是一类中间型的矿床,属于近源迁移型。在原有地壳中含矿建造和矿源层的基础上,经历了变质作用和它的后期混合岩作用过程,并通过变质作用传导体制的不同阶段中出现的流体的参与,形成一系列由前变质矿床直至混合岩化期后矿床。文中对影响变质作用矿床的控制因素及其地位作了扼要的叙述,进行了变质作用分类的探讨,并从其传导体制中出现的热流及其形成环境上,与岩浆型花岗岩期后热液型进行对比和讨论。     

Mapping runoff generating areas using AGNPS-VSA model

ABSTRACT

In humid regions, surface runoff is often generated by saturation-excess runoff mechanisms from relatively small variable source areas (VSAs). However, the majority of the current hydrologic models are based on infiltration-excess mechanisms. In this study, the AGricultural Non-Point Source Pollution (AGNPS) model was used to integrate the VSA concept using topographic wetness index (TWI). Both the original and AGNPS-VSA models were evaluated for a small agricultural field in Ontario, Canada. The results indicate that the AGNPS-VSA model performed better than original model. The AGNPS-VSA model predicted that only the saturated portion of the field with higher TWI values produced runoff, whereas the original AGNPS model showed uniform hydrologic response from the entire field. The results of this study are important for accurately mapping the locations of VSAs. This new model could be a powerful tool in identifying critical source areas for applying targeted best management practices to minimize pollutant loads to receiving waters.     

Predicting DNAPL entrapment and recovery: the influence of hydraulic property correlation

The influence of aquifer property correlation on multiphase fluid migration, entrapment and recovery was explored by incorporating correlated and uncorrelated porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure-saturation (P_c-Sat) parameter fields in a cross-sectional numerical multiphase flow model. Comparison of two-dimensional entrapped organic saturation distributions for a simulated tetrachloroethylene (PCE) spill in ensembles of aquifer realizations suggests that the degree of spatial correlation in P_c-Sat parameters exerts a controlling influence on dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) spreading and redistribution in saturated aquifers. The predicted evolution of DNAPL source zones and resultant remediation efficiency under surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) also appear to be strongly influenced by the spatial correlation of aquifer parameters and multiphase flow constitutive relationships. Results for a limited number of realizations selected from each ensemble showed that removal of 60% to 99% of entrapped PCE could reduce dissolved contaminant concentration and mass flux by approximately two orders of magnitude under natural gradient conditions. Aqueous phase contaminant mass flux did not vary uniformly as a function of % DNAPL removed, however, and notable differences in behavior were observed for models incorporating correlated versus uncorrelated P_c-Sat and permeability fields. Although these results must be confirmed through analysis of additional realizations, it is likely that similar or larger differences between correlated and uncorrelated system behavior will be observed in aquifers with greater spatially variability than that of the nonuniform, homogeneous sand aquifer studied here. Funding for this research was provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic Center for Hazardous Substance Research under Grant No. R-825540, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under Contract No. Y80011, and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program under Project No. CU-1293. The content of this publication does not necessarily represent the views of these agencies and has not been subject to agency review.     

海洋沉积物动力学的示踪物方法

本文的论题是示踪物方法在海洋物源追踪和沉积物输运率计算中的应用 ,以及示踪物方法的普适性理论框架。定量的物源追踪需要适当的示踪标记和物质混合模型 ,有必要根据沉积动力过程的研究来确定示踪标记的变换函数 ,从而将改进的示踪标记用于混合模型分析。人工示踪物实验的现有方法以空间积分法最为常用 ,其关键是示踪物质心运动和沉积物活动层的界定。天然示踪物的质心位置是无法定义的 ,因此不能借用传统人工示踪物方法来估算物质输运率 ;在某些特殊情形下 ,可以利用天然示踪物的质量守衡原理来获得物质输运信息。今后 ,以示踪物质的连续方程为基础 ,有可能建立一种同时适用于人工和天然示踪物的普适理论框架。其中需解决的问题包括示踪物与现场物质的差异、沉积速率和活动层厚度的时间尺度、沉积物扩散过程等。