全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3138篇 |
免费 | 264篇 |
国内免费 | 397篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 773篇 |
大气科学 | 452篇 |
地球物理 | 319篇 |
地质学 | 408篇 |
海洋学 | 486篇 |
天文学 | 25篇 |
综合类 | 322篇 |
自然地理 | 1014篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 43篇 |
2022年 | 127篇 |
2021年 | 177篇 |
2020年 | 143篇 |
2019年 | 165篇 |
2018年 | 103篇 |
2017年 | 155篇 |
2016年 | 177篇 |
2015年 | 188篇 |
2014年 | 223篇 |
2013年 | 173篇 |
2012年 | 232篇 |
2011年 | 238篇 |
2010年 | 179篇 |
2009年 | 186篇 |
2008年 | 153篇 |
2007年 | 167篇 |
2006年 | 190篇 |
2005年 | 160篇 |
2004年 | 102篇 |
2003年 | 103篇 |
2002年 | 74篇 |
2001年 | 65篇 |
2000年 | 69篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 32篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3799条查询结果,搜索用时 20 毫秒
171.
Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas. 相似文献
172.
The behavior of the Mediterranean ecosystem in response to realistic riverine inputs and dissolved matter exchange is investigated. The strategy is to evaluate the stability of the ecosystem subjected to various atmospheric inputs. 相似文献
173.
Constructed wetlands, especially mangroves, have been studied for their usefulness in sewage treatment but the effects of mangrove vegetation and a sewage load on mangrove macrofauna have been given little attention. Ocypodid crabs are important components of mangrove forests and constitute good bioindicators of the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. In constructed mangrove mesocosms, three vegetation treatments (bare substratum, and Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata seedlings) were subjected to 0, 20, 60 and 100% sewage loads from a nearby hotel. The physiological condition of introduced Uca annulipes and Uca inversa was evaluated in terms of their RNA/DNA ratio after one, five and twelve months, and used as an indicator of ecological function in the system. Crab condition in 0% sewage load was similar to that of wild crabs throughout, suggesting no significant effects of the mesocosms on their RNA/DNA ratio. Overall, both species coped well with the administered sewage loads, suggesting good ecological function in the system. Both species manifested similar patterns in RNA/DNA ratio, being more affected by seasonal fluctuations than by sewage load and vegetation presence and type. Higher RNA/DNA ratios were recorded in the long compared to the short rainy season. Sewage enhanced crab condition in the bare substratum and R. mucronata treatments, especially after one year, probably as a result of enhanced food availability. Uca inversa may be more sensitive to sewage pollution than U. annulipes. In A. marina, no difference in crab condition was observed between sewage loads, and this mangrove yielded the best reduction in sewage impacts. Our results support the usefulness of constructed mangrove areas in sewage treatment, especially if planted with A. marina and inhabited by physiologically healthy ocypodid crabs to enhance the system's performance. 相似文献
174.
Hurricane Isabel reached the Eastern seaboard of North America on 18 September 2003 causing estimated damage >3 billion US dollars and the death of ∼50 people. Isabel is considered to be one of the most significant tropical cyclones to affect Virginia, since the Chesapeake Potomac Hurricane of 1933 and Hurricane Hazel in 1954. A study of the temporal changes in the benthic fauna pre- and post-hurricane was conducted on an intertidal sandflat within the dynamic barrier island system near Wachapreague, Eastern Virginia. Replicate sediment cores were collected 3 weeks before Isabel made landfall and further samples were collected on 5 occasions over the following 20 months. An immediate effect of Isabel was a doubling in the number of species, a significant increase in invertebrate species diversity (H′) and a rise in opportunistic species and deposit feeders, but a non-significant increase in the total number of organisms. Changes in infauna occurred such that by the end of the study there were significantly increased numbers of species, faunal abundances and community diversity measures, as compared with pre-hurricane samples, suggesting a potentially positive medium-term effect of this hurricane perturbation. The most notable direct effects of the hurricane were on the relative abundances of feeding guilds with a reduction in interface feeders from 87% pre-hurricane to 64% post-hurricane, and an increase in surface deposit feeders from 7% pre-hurricane to 20% post-hurricane. The study highlights potential problems in interpreting post-perturbation data when insufficient pre-perturbation data exist. 相似文献
175.
The glacially carved central coast of Maine is incised by river systems with interconnecting channels, offshore-trending submarine ridges, and narrow passages between nearshore islands and headlands. The tidal range exceeds 3 m, leading to complex and vigorous circulation patterns with strong flows in narrow channels, near river mouths, and between islands. The spongiform coastal morphology allows enhanced exchange between offshore waters, estuaries and internecine bays, resulting in rapid dispersal of nutrients, larvae and contaminants throughout the region. A fine-grid numerical circulation model has been used to examine the influences of the tides, river flows and winds on the dispersion of lobster larvae and pollutants in the nearshore and riverine environment. This paper describes the model application, presents a few salient features of the circulation patterns, and examines some implications for the coastal environment. For example, under realistic tides and variable southwest summer winds, about 80% of neutral near-surface particles introduced near the offshore islands (a proxy for stage IV lobster larvae from offshore sources) remain within a few km of the islands over a two-week period. On the other hand, a persistent, periodic sea breeze can remove more than two-thirds of the particles from the domain over the same period. Tidal mixing disperses pollutants entering the upper Kennebec River to the offshore and through internecine passages in about one week. 相似文献
176.
海洋生态系统健康评价的底栖生物指数法研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
海洋大型底栖无脊椎动物能对自然和人为活动导致的水和沉积物质量变化做出可预测的响应,因此利用底栖生物作为海洋生态环境监测的生物指标和进行系统健康度量的生物指数已经得到了广泛的认可.本文比较分析了几种常用的和正在发展的海洋生态系统健康和生态环境质量状况评估的底栖生物指数,包括指示生物法、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、BI指数、AMBI指数和Bentix指数,总结了这几种生物指数的应用和特性,探讨了底栖生物指数在实际应用中可能存在的问题和解决的办法,以期为我国海洋生态系统健康评估工作提供参考. 相似文献
177.
Ecosystem health assessment of Honghu Lake Wetland of China using artificial neural network approach 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Minghao Mo Xuelei Wang Houjian Wu Shuming Cai Xiaoyang Zhang Huiliang Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(4):349-356
Honghu Lake, located in the southeast of Hubei Province, China, has suffered a severe disturbance during the past few decades.
To restore the ecosystem, the Honghu Lake Wetland Protection and Restoration Demonstration Project (HLWPRDP) has been implemented
since 2004. A back propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) approach was applied to evaluatinig the ecosystem health
of the Honghu Lake wetland. And the effectiveness of the HLWPRDP was also assessed by comparing the ecosystem health before
and after the project. Particularly, 12 ecosystem health indices were used as evaluation parameters to establish a set of
three-layer BP ANNs. The output is one layer of ecosystem health index. After training and testing the BP ANNs, an optimal
model of BP ANNs was selected to assess the ecosystem health of the Honghu Lake wetland. The result indicates that four stages
can be identified based on the change of the ecosystem health from 1990 to 2008 and the ecosystem health index ranges from
morbidity before the implementation of HLWPRDP (in 2002) to middle health after the implementation of the HLWPRDP (in 2005).
It demonstrates that the HLWPRDP is effective and the BP ANN could be used as a tool for the assessment of ecosystem health. 相似文献
178.
吴红娟 《成都信息工程学院学报》2009,24(1)
在网络服务中,一个用户服务请求可能同时匹配多个服务单元,如何高效可靠地组合原子服务成为亟待解决的问题.所设计的系统模型依照最新的TCP规范、通过将元服务搜索、服务自愈组合和服务验证模块相结合;能够实现服务中原子服务的准确搜索,原子服务问的最佳组合,以及最后对服务进行验证,形成快速方便的应用构架,解决电子政务、电子商务应用中巨量服务集成带来的非线性复杂问题和新的软件危机,促进服务社会合理的智能化转型. 相似文献
179.
180.