基于栅格空间信息定量化的湖南西部地区生态环境综合评价

以湖南西部地区为研究区域,采用遥感影像作为主要数据源,针对区域主要生态问题,利用栅格数据结构为主的数字环境模型,建立了生态环境质量综合评价模型. 对区域生态环境质量的空间分异格局进行了研究,通过将评价结果与数字高程模型迭加分析,研究了生态环境质量的垂直地带性分布规律,探索适合以山高坡陡为主要地貌特征的山区生态评价方法,结果显示,湖南西部地区生态环境综合指数呈正态分布,大部分地区环境质量属一般. 总体环境状况东南部好于西北部,河谷盆地优于山地. 研究表明,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术进行区域生态环境评价,具有数据采集快速、客观,评价和制图自动化,评价结果空间定位精度高,直观性与实用性强等优点.     

西北五省(区)生态环境综合分区及其建设对策

本文以图像遥感解译为主 ,结合野外实际考察 ,并通过抽样验证完成。在对生态环境界定和赋予内涵的基础上 ,根据区划目的、原则和所选取的指标体系 ,从生态环境分类入手 ,经过从上向下续分和由下向上合并的反复磨合过程、专家集成模拟 ,对西北五省(区 )生态环境做了全面的综合分区研究 ,并针对所存在的生态环境问题 ,提出生态环境保护和建设的对策 ,为西北五省 (区 )实施西部大开发生态环境监测、治理、建设和规划提供科学依据。     

县域农业生态景观规划与设计——以北京市密云县为例

景观生态学属宏观尺度生态空间研究范畴 ,其理论核心集中表现为空间异质性和生态整体性。景观生态规划与设计是以景观生态学原理为指导 ,进行景观尺度地域生态规划 ,并提出相应的规划与设计方案。该文以景观生态规划的设计原则与方法为指导 ,进行密云县农业生态景观规划与设计 ,最终目的是设计一个可持续发展的县域农业生态景观体系     

运用树木活力度进行城市生态环境质量分区--以吉林市为例

城市生态环境质量是影响城市景观和居民身心健康的重要因素，环境质量分区是进行生态环境评价的基础性工作。在以往生态环境质量评价中，通常采用单一的环境污染指标，难以全面综合的反应生态环境质量状况。植被的面貌是一定时期内大气、土壤、水分、人类活动综合作用的结果。由于树木有生命而又不能移动，它的健康状态是一定时期因素内，综合地反映其生活环境条件的最好尺度。借鉴国外环境诊断的研究方法，提出“树木活力度”，即树木的枝、叶、梢、树形等各个部位的生长状况和健康程度这一新的综合生态指标，并结合实际，以吉林市为例，对运用这一指标进行城市生态环境质量评价的方法、原理、问题等进行了初步探讨。指出运用树木活力度进行城市生态环境质量分区，具有迅速目测、计算简便，快速经济的特点，是当前较为流行的一种景观诊断的简便易行的方法。     

灌溉对甘肃中部黄土台塬区地面塌陷及生态环境影响研究

甘肃中部黄土台塬地面塌陷实质上是由水利灌溉引起的新的生态环境问题。文章在深入调查、勘测和试验研究的基础上，综合分析了地面塌陷变形的成因机制，认为黄土台塬地面塌陷变形除了黄土母质理化性质和人类活动等因素外，主要是不合理灌溉引起的。过量大水漫灌使大量渗入的水体将土壤中起固结作用的盐分和粘粒矿物淋溶殆尽，使原始结构破坏，进而崩解、湿陷。随下渗水量的增加，犁底层及以下隔水层孔洞进一步发展为洞穴和陷缝，大面积塌陷变形随之出现，同时也成为台塬滑坡的诱导因素。研究为黄土台塬灌区突出的水利环境问题治理和生态重建方案提供了基础依据。     

Soil degradation: a global problem endangering sustainable development

1 Introduction Soil is not only the major natural resource on which human being depends for the production of food, feed, fiber, renewable energy and raw materials, but also plays a key role in maintaining the complex terrestrial ecosystems and climate systems of this planet. Recent rapid increase in the human population is placing a great strain on the worlds soil resources. Only about 11% of the global land surface covered by the soils are being used to raise crops and livestock, in other …     

Research progress of socio-economic water cycle in China

China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement.     

Transport and Housing Security in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

This paper explores links between transport and housing security issues for the urban poor using the example of the Klang Valley in Malaysia. The interface between these issues is identified as a gap in the literature, including policy debates, on both housing and transport. A number of linkages are shown to be important and likely to be relevant in many cities of the South, especially those with rapid motorisation and large numbers of "squatters". A simple framework for understanding these linkages is presented. Key examples include displacement to make way for transport infrastructure and the impact on transport problems for the poor of policies affecting the location of urban poor housing, including relocation sites and transit accommodation. The case study of the Klang Valley is used to illustrate and test the relevance of a focus on this issue and the utility of the conceptual framework. Some policy implications of the investigation and case study are suggested.     

生态交界带特征与动态变化机理分析

文章论述了生态交界带是两个以上生态系统交接的过渡带，它具有特有的生态系统结构，生态交界带生态系统的结构，功能和物质，能是以及信息的交流与相邻生态系统有密切的联系，但又表现出明显的异质性，其动态变化机理显示生态交界带内物质，能量和信息的均衡状况。     

塔里木河下游输水与生态恢复监测初报

根据近三年塔里木河下游生态输水前后地下水位、水质、土壤、植被等项内容的监测资料，分析了塔里木河下游输水对地下水位、水质的影响，揭示了输水与地表生态的响应过程，探讨了地下水位与天然植被生长、恢复的相互关系，阐述了植被退化过程及相关因子，确定了维系塔河下游生态安全的最低生态需水量、最佳生态水位。