TanDEM-X双站SAR干涉测量及研究进展

较全面、系统地介绍了Tan DEM-X/Terra SAR-X双站SAR科学计划,重点涉及其科学目标、Tan DEM-X卫星参数、轨道结构以及干涉数据获取模式等相关内容,并讨论了双站SAR成像、极化In SAR和数字波束成形等干涉测量新技术及其研究进展。这些双站SAR新技术的实现将大大地推动SAR干涉测量在全球地形测绘、冰川学、海洋学及地质学等领域中的应用。     

地核能量的积累与释放

地核不仅具有巨量热能，而且有巨量旋转能，这是地球能量释放的内因；天文因素使地核产生周期性的南北振荡，是地球能量间歇性释放的外因。地质旋回与天文周期直接相关，可以根据天文周期预测未来的地质变化     

Elastic collisions in ion irradiation experiments: A mechanism for space weathering of silicates

Ion irradiation experiments have been performed on silicates (bulk samples) rich of olivine, pyroxene, and serpentine to simulate the effects of space weathering induced on asteroids by solar wind ions. We have used different ions (H⁺, He⁺, Ar⁺, Ar²⁺) having different energies (from 60 to 400 keV) to weather the samples, probed by Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy. All the irradiated materials have shown reddening and darkening of reflectance spectra in the 0.25-2.7 μm spectral range. We have found that the increase of the spectral slope of the continuum across the 1-μm band is strongly related with the number of displacements caused by colliding ions because of elastic collisions with the target nuclei. The spectral slopes have been compared, at increasing ion fluence, with those from irradiated Epinal meteorite. We show that formation of nuclear displacements by solar wind ion irradiation is a physical mechanism that reddens the asteroidal surfaces on a time-scale lower than 10⁶ years.     

固体潮潮汐因子的特征频谱及其应用

本文应用非线性谱分析中的最大熵谱分析方法（ＭＥＭ）、和一般线性功率谱的分析方法，对固体潮潮汐因子的时间序列进行了综合研究，指出固体潮潮汐因子的时间序列中普遍存在明显的半月左右周期的特征频谱；将其应用于地震前兆的分析与探索，对固体潮潮汐因子特征频谱中的前兆变化特征进行了解释，得出结论：半月左右周期的频率域，是固体潮观测中前兆响应的一个重要主频域。     

大地构造和海陆起源的内波假说（Ⅰ）──关于板块学说的若干问题及其思考

随着资料的积累，不断发现与板块假说相矛盾的事实：地震层析没有发现地幔对流的证据，却发现大陆克拉通具有４００ｋｍ深的“壳根”；海洋地质调查发现了一系列否定板块假说的重要证据，尤其是大西洋中多处发现古岩石，使海底扩张模型受到严重挑战；跨越扩张脊的一系列测量结果实际上否定了扩张假说。此外，作为学说重要支柱的地磁资料的可靠性受到怀疑，板块消减过程中洋底沉积层堆积被否定，大陆碰撞模式与陆上地质资料的不符，动力机制不明，板块模式不适于解释复杂的大陆地质而难以登陆等事实，已令板块构造理论陷入了深刻的危机之中。根据煤和蒸发岩的地史分布等资料，说明一个海陆相对固定的大地构造模型更符合实际。通过对大地构造假说发展史的分析和研究，并借鉴天文学中太阳系的发现史，认为新假说的建立必须从确凿的地质现象，而非多解性的资料和推断出发。由此提出大地构造和海陆起源的内波假说。     

利用重复重力观测资料研究地震活动与地壳的损伤演化过程

利用细观损伤力学模型建立了地壳损伤演化过程与地球重力场变化的关系 ,讨论了利用重力观测资料计算地壳微裂纹密度参数变化分布的理论与计算方法。利用河西地区 1992～ 1999年多期重复重力观测资料对该地区的裂纹密度参数变化进行了计算 ,并将计算结果与该地区的各观测时间段内相应发生的一级以上地震活动进行了对比分析 ,取得了一些有意义的结论和认识。     

A middle surface concept (MSC) model for saturated sands in general stress space

An elastoplastic constitutive model is proposed for saturated sands in general stress space using the middle surface concept (MSC). In MSC, different features of stress–strain response of a material are divided into different pseudo‐yield surfaces. The true‐yield surface representing the true response is established by using various links between the yield surfaces. In this MSC sand model, several well‐known features of sand response are represented by three different pseudo‐yield surfaces, which are developed in a simple and straightforward way. These features include the critical state behaviour, the effects of state parameter, unloading and reloading plastic deformation, the influence of fabric anisotropy, and phase transformation line related behaviour. Finally, the model predictions and test results are compared for two different types of sands under a variety of loading conditions and good comparisons are obtained. The application of MSC to saturated sand modelling shows the versatility of MSC as a general concept for modelling stress–strain response of materials. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

便携式潮汐观测仪(PET)数据处理研究

介绍了用切比雪夫多项式和最小二乘相结合的数据拟合从重力固体潮观测的秒值提取分钟值和小时值的方法,该方法可以将错误数据自动剔除以得到可靠数据.将提取的数据应用于调和分析,效果良好.     

Spectral observations of 19 weathered and 23 fresh NEAs and their correlations with orbital parameters

Results of our visible to near-infrared spectrophotometric observations of 41 near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) are reported. These moderate-resolution spectra, along with 14 previously published spectra from our earlier survey [Hicks, M.D., Fink, U., Grundy, W.M., 1998. Icarus 133, 69-78] show a preponderance of spectra consistent with ordinary chondrites (23 NEAs with this type of spectrum, along with 19 S-types and 13 in other taxonomic groups). There exists statistically significant evidence for orbit-dependent trends in our data. While S-type NEAs from our survey reside primarily in (1) Amor orbits or (2) Aten or Apollo orbits which do not cross the asteroid main-belt, the majority of objects with spectra consistent with ordinary chondrites in our survey are in highly eccentric Apollo orbits which enter the asteroid main-belt. This trend toward fresh, relatively unweathered NEAs with ordinary chondrite type spectra in highly eccentric Apollo orbits is attributed to one or a combination of three possible causes: (1) the chaotic nature of NEA orbits can easily result in high eccentricity orbits/large aphelion distances so that they can enter the collisionally enhanced environment in the main-belt, exposing fresh surfaces, (2) they have recently been injected into such orbits after a collision in the main-belt, or (3) such objects cross the orbits of several terrestrial planets, causing tidal disruption events that expose fresh surfaces.     

地球运动对海平面变化的控制——从地质系统论的观点分析海平面变化之主因

从地球运动的客观规律来看,地球气候发展的趋向是向冷的方向发展,这与大气由于CO_2的增加而引起的增温相矛盾。两者如起同等作用,则意味着海平面不会发生太大的变化。但是由于活动构造影响,使海岸带上升或下降,可使局部地方海平面有较大幅度的变化。因此,研究“地动”比研究“水动”似有更重要的意义。