Formation Dynamics and Quantitative Prediction of Hydrocarbons of the Superpressure System in the Dongying Sag

Based on the theory of formation dynamics of oil/gas pools, the Dongying sag can be divided into three dynamic systems regarding the accumulation of oil and gas： the superpressure closed system, the semi-closed system and the normal pressure open system. Based on the analysis of genesis of superpressure in the superpressure closed system and the rule of hydrocarbon expulsion, it is found that hydrocarbon generation is related to superpressure, which is the main driving factor of hydrocarbon migration. Micro fractures formed by superpressure are the main channels for hydrocarbon migration. There are three dynamic patterns for hydrocarbon expulsion： free water drainage, hydrocarbon accumulation and drainage through micro fissures. In the superpressure closed system, the oil-driving-water process and oil/gas accumulation were completed in lithologic traps by way of such two dynamic patterns as episodic evolution of superpressure systems and episodic pressure release of faults. The oil-bearing capacity of lithologic traps is intimately related to reservoir-forming dynamic force. Quantitative evaluation of dynamic conditions for pool formation can effectively predict the oil-bearing capability of traps.     

UKF算法及其在GPS卫星轨道短期预报中的应用

分析了GPS卫星预报星历,在比较分析EKF和UKF优缺点的基础上,将UKF引入GPS卫星轨道预报研究中.数值模拟和结果分析表明,UKF方法预报更稳定,能有效地提高轨道预报精度和稳定性.     

基于ArcScene的建筑物日照分析模块的设计与实现

介绍了利用ArcObjects开发、基于ArcScene的建筑物日照分析模块的研制,对各个子模块作了介绍。特别对涉及到的日照分析技术、阴影动态显示、3维建筑设计等技术做了详细的说明。最后对该模块的应用做了简要演示。     

GM（1，1）动态模型在吴江市地下水水位预测中的应用

以吴江市地下水水位预测为例,详细阐述了地下水水位时间序列的GM（1,1）动态模型的原理和建立过程,并根据模型的预测值和实测值,对模型的精度进行了检验,结果表明,模型的预测精度达到了99．27％,等级属于Ⅰ级,具有实际的应用价值,为地下水资源的科学管理提供了依据。     

浅谈工程测量学的发展

对工程测量学的地位和应用领域,通用和专用仪器的发展,在理论和实践上进行了归纳和总结。简要地叙述了工程测量在国内外的发展情况及其发展趋势。     

动态最小二乘支持向量机学习算法

针对大样本集的训练问题和动态训练样本的模型更新问题,提出了动态最小二乘支持向量机学习算法.该算法充分利用已建好的模型,逐渐加入新样本,并可删除位于任何位置的非支持向量,避免了矩阵求逆运算,保证了算法的高效率.大坝变形及电离层延迟两个时间序列的预报实例表明,该算法具有计算时间短、预报精度高的特点.     

山区煤田地震勘探中静校正存在的问题及其改进方法

在山区或地表复杂地区进行地震勘探,采用基于地表一致性假设的静校正将会严重影响勘探效果,该影响主要源于地表一致性假设存在着不合理因素。如较高的低速带、巨厚的低速带、基岩裸露、地形起伏较大等。为分析一致性假设静校正偏差产生的原因及大小．构建一地形起伏、基岩出露的复杂模型,通过正演其射线路径,对比其时距曲线与理论时距曲线的差异,以及二者静校正量误差大小。模型分析证实该差异与偏移距、地震波穿透深度及基准面高程之间存在直接的联系,据此提出了改进方法,如浮动基准面校正及分块静校正等。理论模型和实际地震资料试算表明,使用改进的方法可有效改善地震时间刮面同相轴聚焦效果及连续性。     

Earthquake rupture complexity due to dynamic nucleation and interaction of subsidiary faults

We numerically study the dynamic interaction of propagating cracks. It is assumed that propagating cracks can nucleate and drive subsidiary cracks because of shear strain enhancement near the propagating crack tips. The critical strain fracture criterion is assumed in the analysis. Intense interaction is expected to occur among the cracks. All the cracks are assumed to be parallel and antiplane strain deformation is assumed in the computation.In the interaction of two non-coplanar cracks, a strain shadow is formed in the neighborhood of each crack because of the strain release by the introduction of the crack. The growth of each crack is accelerated when the propagating tips of each crack are outside of the strain shadow of the other crack. In general, the crack tips enter the strain shadow, and the crack tips decelerate. The calculation shows that only one of the two cracks can continue to grow, and the other's growth is decelerated and arrested. If we can assume that the suite of cracks interact in a pairwise manner only, then this may suggest that only a limited number of cracks can continue to grow during the final stage of the rupture process. Hence the crack interaction causes complexity in dynamic earthquake faulting. The concepts of barrier and asperity have been employed by many researchers for the interpretation of complex seismic wave data. However, the physical realities of such concepts are obscure. Our calculations show that dynamic crack interactions can produce barriers and asperities in some cases; the crack tip deceleration or arrest due to the interactions among non-coplanar cracks can be interpreted as being due to a barrier. The dynamic coalescence among the coplanar cracks can be regarded as an asperity.Umeda found a localized area that strongly radiates high-frequency seismic waves in the epicentral areas of some large shallow earthquakes. He defined this as an earthquake bright spot. Our analysis implies that only a limited number of cracks continue to grow when many interactive cracks nucleate, and that all other cracks stop extending soon after nucleation. Hence, if the nucleation and termination of several cracks occur in a localized area, it will be observed seismologically as an earthquake bright spot. This is because it is theoretically known that the sudden termination of crack growth and dynamic crack coalescence efficiently emits high-frequency elastic waves.     

热液成矿作用的地质地球化学动力学——以胶东牟平-乳山金矿带为例

通过对胶东牟平—乳山热液脉状金,铅锌矿床成矿动力学控制规律的研究,说明了建立热液成矿反应体系的方法,并得出以下认识:（1）区域断裂构造活动,通过影响成矿反应体系的热力学性质和条件,控制元素的富集和分散。（2）热液成矿过程中容矿断裂活动可划分为两种作用方式:脆性破裂和韧—脆性张开,构成热液成矿的两种构造动力学环境。（3）热液成矿反应体系是一种开放的动态的热力学体系。断裂的脆性破裂阶段,使体系处于强烈的过饱和状态,矿质在远离平衡状态下快速结晶,加剧物质分异;在脆—韧性张开阶段,矿质在接近平衡态体系中缓慢晶出。（4）热液演化晚期,金在残余溶液中富集;当断裂再次发生构造脉动震颤时,早期形成的块状黄铁矿矿石碎裂,富金溶液充填其中,形成含裂隙金和晶隙金的富矿石。成矿体系热力学演化与构造动力学条件有利的匹配控制着富矿石的形成。     

鲁23井“动水位”观测的分析

本文介绍了鲁23井“动水位”观测情况。提出了一个分析有泄流的“动水位”的新方法,即把流量换算成水位,以等效静水位来表示“动水位”与流量。由于把“动水位”与流量用一个量来计算,从而为“动水位”观测定量的、统一的分析研究提供了新的方法。这对提高“动水位”井的监测预报地震能力起一定的作用。 本文还以鲁23井“动水位”观测资料为例,利用新方法进行处理的观测分析结果与理论研究结果是一致的。