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381.
Shaly sands reservoir is one of the most distributive types of the oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs discovered in China, and low resistivity oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs are mostly shaly sands reservoirs. Therefore, shaly sands reservoir conductive model is the key to evaluate low resistivity oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs using logging information. Some defects were found when we studied the clay distribution type conductive model, dual-water conductive model, conductive rock matrix model, etc. Some models could not distinguish the conductive path and nature of microporosity water and clay water and some models did not consider the clay distribution type and the mount of clay volume. So, we utilize the merits,overcome the defects of the above models, and put forward a new shaly sands conductive model-dual water clay matrix conductive model (DWCMCM) in which dual water is the free water and the microporosity water in shaly sands and the clay matrix(wet clay) is the clay grain containing water. DWCMCM is presented here, the advantages of which can tell the nature and conductive path from different water (microporosity water and freewater), in consid-eration of the clay distribution type and the mount of clay volume in shaly sands. So, the results of logging interpretation in the oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs in the north of Tarim Basin area, China with DWCMCM are better than those interpreted by the above models. 相似文献
382.
双频道双通道微机激电仪 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
本文介绍双频道双通道微机激电仪的特点、硬件组成,并以测量菜单为例展示了部分软件功能及仪器的使用。 相似文献
383.
为比较准确地模拟二重孔隙介质地下水溶质运移 ,本文依据二重孔隙介质法 ,分别对孔隙岩块和裂隙介质建立相应的溶质运移模型 ,将孔隙岩块视为作用于裂隙介质的源或汇 ,对反映岩块和裂隙介质之间物质交换的耦合项进行了数学推导。应用本文方法在济南地区建立起二重孔隙介质溶质运移模型。研究结果表明 ,此方法更实际地反映出裂隙对溶质较强的传导能力和孔隙岩块对溶质较强的贮存能力 相似文献
384.
385.
T. Yoshinari M. A. Altabet S. W. A. Naqvi L. Codispoti A. Jayakumar M. Kuhland A. Devol 《Marine Chemistry》1997,56(3-4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a trace gas that is increasing in the atmosphere. It contributes to the greenhouse effect and influences the global ozone distribution. Recent reports suggest that regions such as the Arabian Sea may be significant sources of atmospheric N2O.In the ocean, N2O is formed as a by-product of nitrification and as an intermediary of denitrification. In the latter process, N2O can be further reduced to N2. These processes, which operate on different source pools and have different magnitudes of isotopic fractionation, make separate contributions to the 15N and18O isotopic composition of N2O. In the case of nitrification in oxic waters, the isotopic composition of N2O appears to depend mainly on the 15N/14N ratio of NH+4 and the 18O/16O ratio of O2 and H2O. In suboxic waters, denitrification causes progressive 15N and 18O enrichment of N2O as a function of degree of depletion of nitrate and dissolved oxygen. Thus the isotopic signature of N2O should be a useful tool for studying the sources and sinks for N2O in the ocean and its impact on the atmosphere.We have made observations of N2O concentrations and of the dual stable isotopic composition of N2O in the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) and the Arabian Sea. The stable isotopic composition of N2O was determined by a new method that required only 80–100 nmol of N2O per sample analysis. Our observations include determinations across the oxic/suboxic boundaries that occur in the water columns of the ETNP and Arabian Sea. In these suboxic waters, the values of δ15N and δ18O increased linearly with one another and with decreasing N2O concentrations, presumably reflecting the effects of denitrification. Our results suggest that the ocean could be an important source of isotopically enriched N2O to the atmosphere. 相似文献
386.
2003年7月3~5日淮河流域大暴雨中尺度对流系统的观测分析 总被引:2,自引:9,他引:2
2003年淮河流域的大洪水主要是由3次集中的持续性大面积强暴雨过程引起, 其中7月3~5日从淮河上游向下游的移动性强降水, 使来自上游的洪水与下游暴雨 "遭遇", 加剧了淮河的洪水水情.作者主要采用探空、卫星和雷达资料, 对造成滁州和南京强暴雨的中尺度对流系统的结构和发生背景进行分析.结果表明: 低槽的东移造成了雨区从淮河上游向下游东移; 降雨前来自中纬度的中层干空气侵入加强了对流层中低层的对流不稳定; 7月4~5日的大范围降水主要由α中尺度对流系统的发生、发展引起, 但突发的局地强降雨是由较小的β中尺度, 甚至γ中尺度系统直接造成; 云顶温度低于-52℃的对流区虽然覆盖范围较大, 但其下部的雷达强回波带与其并不完全对应, 而是位于-52℃云区的中心偏南, 强回波的北侧有100~200 km宽的云砧; 双多普勒雷达反演资料较好地揭示出造成滁州强降雨的是中尺度辐合线及其上的中尺度对流线和对流单体, 辐合线随高度向北倾斜. 相似文献
387.
A Simple Approach to Account for Radial Flow and Boundary Conditions When Kriging Hydraulic Head Fields for Confined Aquifers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The estimation and mapping of realistic hydraulic head fields, hence of flow paths, is a major goal of many hydrogeological studies. The most widely used method to obtain reliable head fields is the inverse approach. This approach relies on the numerical approximation of the flow equation and requires specifying boundary conditions and the transmissivity of each grid element. Boundary conditions are often unknown or poorly known, yet they impose a strong signature on the head fields obtained by inverse analysis. A simpler alternative to the inverse approach is the direct kriging of the head field using the measurements obtained at observation wells. The kriging must be modified to incorporate the available information. Use of the dual kriging formalism enables simultaneously estimating the head field, the aquifer mean transmissivity, and the regional hydraulic gradient from head data in steady or transient state conditions. In transient state conditions, an estimate of the storage coefficient can be obtained. We test the approach on simple analytical cases, on synthetic cases with solutions obtained numerically using a finite element flow simulator, and on a real aquifer. For homogeneous aquifers, infinite or bounded, the kriging estimate retrieves the exact solution of the head field, the exact hydrogeological parameters and the flow net. With heterogeneous aquifers, kriging accurately estimates the head field with prediction errors of the same magnitude as typical head measurement errors. The transmissivities are also accurately estimated by kriging. Moreover, if inversion is required, the kriged head along boundaries can be used as realistic boundary conditions for flow simulation. 相似文献
388.
GPS组合观测值理论及应用 总被引:30,自引:1,他引:30
本文首先论述了GPS组合观测值的一般定义,并对误差影响进行分析,然后讨论了几种特殊的组合观测值及特性,最后探讨了这些组合观测值的可能应用,给出了对实测数据的处理结果及分析,并得出几点结论。 相似文献
389.
390.