Statistical aspects of Tricomi's function and modified Bessel functions of the second kind

Some of the considerable statistical content of modified Bessel functions of the second kind and of Tricomi's confluent hypergeometric function is illustrated. Moment solutions for the parameters of exponential class distribution functions based on both are derived. Unlike the generalised inverse Gaussian, the Tricomi exponential distribution is little known but it emerges that it is of wide applicability, highly flexible and has the gamma distribution as a special case.     

长江口悬浮体粒度特征及其季节性差异

1998年11月和1999年5月长江口悬浮体样品的激光粒度仪分析结果表明，长江口悬浮体粒度较细，分选较差，偏态和峰态偏小，粒度组成以粉砂为主；粘土含量次之，基本不含砂或砂含量很小，由陆向海平均粒径有由粗到细的变化趋势。粒度分布呈典型的非正态分布，存在“双峰”和“三峰”两种形式，表层样品以“双峰”分布为主，底层“三峰”或“双峰”并存。标准偏差-粒度曲线上多峰出现，反映了长江口悬浮体组成的复杂性。长江口悬浮体粒度特征有较大的季节变化。悬浮体粒度变化的影响因素包括泥沙来源、底质再悬浮、生物作用和絮凝作用，粒度特征的季节差异是这些因素综合作用的结果。     

Response‐only modal identification of structures using strong motion data

Dynamic characteristics of structures — viz. natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes — are central to earthquake‐resistant design. These values identified from field measurements are useful for model validation and health‐monitoring. Most system identification methods require input excitations motions to be measured and the structural response; however, the true input motions are seldom recordable. For example, when soil–structure interaction effects are non‐negligible, neither the free‐field motions nor the recorded responses of the foundations may be assumed as ‘input’. Even in the absence of soil–structure interaction, in many instances, the foundation responses are not recorded (or are recorded with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio). Unfortunately, existing output‐only methods are limited to free vibration data, or weak stationary ambient excitations. However, it is well‐known that the dynamic characteristics of most civil structures are amplitude‐dependent; thus, parameters identified from low‐amplitude responses do not match well with those from strong excitations, which arguably are more pertinent to seismic design. In this study, we present a new identification method through which a structure's dynamic characteristics can be extracted using only seismic response (output) signals. In this method, first, the response signals’ spatial time‐frequency distributions are used for blindly identifying the classical mode shapes and the modal coordinate signals. Second, cross‐relations among the modal coordinates are employed to determine the system's natural frequencies and damping ratios on the premise of linear behavior for the system. We use simulated (but realistic) data to verify the method, and also apply it to a real‐life data set to demonstrate its utility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

华东登陆热带气旋降水不同分布的对比分析

利用CMORPH降水资料，将热带气旋（TC）登陆后的降水分为路径左侧降水（L型）和右侧降水（R型）两类，并针对登陆华东地区TC的 L型和R型降水的大气环流场、环境水平风垂直切变以及台风环流内的动热力条件进行对比分析，结果表明:2005～2014年间登陆华东地区的20例TC中包括12例L型和8例R型。总体来看，大气环流因子对于登陆华东TC降水分布起主要作用。L型降水TC高层南亚高压主要呈纬向带状分布，在登陆过程中路径左侧维持偏东风高空辐散气流，中层西风槽偏东，西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）偏南，环境水平风垂直切变指向西南。R型降水TC高层南亚高压断裂，呈经向分布。TC路径左侧风场较均匀，右侧东南风高空辐散气流明显。副高的位置偏北呈块状，同时环境水平风垂直切变指向东北，有利于路径右侧降水。台风环流内，低层冷暖平流输送以及水汽辐合与降水落区也有较好对应关系。L型TC低层暖平流的输送使TC西南象限低层增暖，大气稳定度降低。同时水汽辐合区也主要位于西南象限，有利于TC路径左侧降水。而R型TC副高位置偏北可将南侧的东南暖湿气流向台风环流更西部输送，东北象限维持暖平流，有利于路径右侧降水发生。     

2001-2002年柘林湾大量营养盐的时空分布

2001年5月—2002年5月在粤东大规模增养殖区柘林湾及湾外附近海域布设19个测站,对大量营养盐及相关的理化、生物因子进行每月一次的周年调查。结果表明,调查海域大量营养盐的平面分布呈由湾内向湾外、近岸向离岸递减的基本格局,而湾内则表现为西部高于东部的趋势。与外界水体的交换能力、周边地区的陆源排污及湾内海水增养殖业的结构是决定拓林湾营养盐平面分布格局的3个主要因素。调查海域溶解性无机氮、磷、硅的年平均值分别为25．92、1．07和37．61μmool／L,与上一周年调查相比,氮的含量略有上升,而磷、硅的含量分别下降了45．1％和37．0％。调查海区无机营养盐的周年变化基本上表现为单峰型。受2001—2002年度厄尔尼诺现象的影响,2002年春季海区的地表径流明显减少,盐度显著升高,由此造成了海区无机营养盐在这一期间的显著低值,这应是海区磷、硅含量比上一周年显著下降的主要原因。浮游植物生长的限制因子从上一周年的氮限制转变成本周年的磷限制(85．0％),可能是厄尔尼诺现象引起磷含量显著下降的原因,也可能是海区富氮趋势的表现。     

近百年来胶州湾沉积物中重金属元素的累积过程及其环境意义

利用2003年9月中国科学院海洋研究所"金星二号"调查船采自胶州湾海域的6个沉积岩心样品,对其(210)Pb放射活度和重金属Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co和Ni元素的含量进行了测定,计算了其不同分布模式下的沉积速率和沉积通量,并分析了相应的岩层中重金属元素累积过程,探讨了其沉积环境意义,结果表明,胶州湾中部、东部沿...     

Grain‐size distributions and coastal morphodynamics along the southern Maryland and Virginia barrier islands

This study examined grain‐size distributions to address questions regarding geological and oceanographic controls on island morphodynamics along one of the longest undeveloped, mixed‐energy barrier island systems in the world. In particular, statistical analyses (i.e. analysis of variance, Tukey honest significant difference multiple comparison tests, nonparametric statistics and linear regression analysis) of 230 barrier island samples from Ocean City Inlet, Maryland, to the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay and 134 nearshore samples (d ≤ 10 m) identified grain‐size trends related to the morphodynamic characteristics of these systems. In general, the Virginia barrier islands north of Wachapreague Inlet and Assateague Island form a statistically different subset of grain sizes (medium‐grained to coarse‐grained sand) from the islands south of Wachapreague Inlet (fine‐grained sand). These textural trends corroborate the Pleistocene headlands of the Delmarva coastal compartment as the sediment source and indicate that some of the coarse‐grained to medium‐grained sediment bypasses the large sinks in the net southward longshore sediment transport system (i.e. Fishing Point and Chincoteague Inlet). This research also demonstrates that the preferential accumulation of coarse‐grained to medium‐grained sand on the ebb‐tidal delta at Wachapreague Inlet probably controls the erosional morphodynamics of the islands located downdrift (south) of the inlet. These results suggest that an increase in tidal prism, set up by sea‐level rise and/or a shift in wave climate/refraction patterns, may lead to barrier island fragmentation and a runaway transgression of this predominantly natural barrier island system. Consequently, a grain analysis of major coastal compartments, across multiple driving forces, can be used to assess coastal morphodynamics and the potential impact of climate change on coastal systems.     

长江口邻近海域余流的基本特征分析

根据2005年7月、2005年11月和2006年5月在长江口及其邻近海域进行的大范围水文调查资料,深入分析该海域余流的平面分布,垂直变化,大、小潮变化,季节变化等特征。结果表明,所测区域影响余流的因素很多,有底形、斜压、径流量、风应力、底摩擦、台湾暖流、浙江沿岸流、江苏沿岸流以及各因素间的相互作用。     

Grain-size distribution patterns of suspended sediment in response to hydrodynamics on the Dafeng intertidal flat, Jiangsu, China

1Introduction The sediment dynamics of intertidal flats in-volves erosion, transport, and settling processes. A-mong these, the mechanisms of sediment transportare a key question. Progress has been made in awide range of associated areas, including sedime…     

云微物理过程对黄山云滴谱离散度的影响

利用2008年4—7月、2009年5—8月和2011年5—9月黄山光明顶的云滴谱观测资料,对离散度和体积平均半径之间的关系进行了深入的分析和讨论。结果表明,随着体积平均半径的增大,离散度与体积平均半径之间的相关从正变成负,主要与活化、凝结、蒸发和去活化有关,与以往研究一致。在此基础上,进一步发现负相关比较弱,主要与碰并过程有关。当云雨自动转化阈值函数增大时,碰并增强,离散度与体积平均半径之间的相关性由负转正,且正相关性逐渐增强。碰并导致的正相关削弱了凝结和蒸发导致的负相关。此外,尽管云滴谱出现了双峰谱,但第一档强度(第一档浓度除以总的浓度)仍然可以很好地区分正负相关性。