GRAFFITI HURTS AND THE ERADICATION OF ALTERNATIVE LANDSCAPE EXPRESSION*

Dominant ideology influences political identity, not only through the production of icons and material artifacts but also through attempts to control and eliminate alternative cultural expressions, such as graffiti. Antigraffiti campaigns seek to define notions of legitimacy and appropriateness in urban landscapes. Inscribing graffiti is an inherently spatial practice, one that provides opportunities for alternative expression. These expressions question the power and authority of dominant sociospatial practices and broaden definitions of citizenship and political appropriateness. In this article we analyze Graffiti Hurts, an organization devoted to the eradication of graffiti, in detail. By framing graffitists as outsiders and criminals, Graffiti Hurts seeks to justify the erasure of graffiti, and in so doing it reinforces exclusionary representations of culture, community, and landscape.     

Technology obscuring equity: historical responsibility in UNFCCC negotiations

According to the concept of historical responsibility, the commitments of individual countries to take action on climate change are distributed based on the relative effects of their past emissions as manifested in present climate change. Brazil presented a comprehensive version of the concept to pre-Kyoto negotiations in 1997. The ‘Brazilian proposal’ originally combined several justice principles; however, following referral to the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, discussion soon became confined to technical calculations. This case illustrates how disparities in knowledge production and framing can influence the inclusiveness of negotiations. Southern participation in the policy process was restrained due to lack of scientific expertise on the part of Southern countries and due to the non-inclusive biophysical discourse traditionally preferred by Northern policy-makers. The historical responsibility issue became stranded on problems of how to correctly represent physical nature in climate models. This marginalized the original intention that equity should be the guiding principle of the North—South interaction, arguably undercutting a potential angle of approach to advance the climate change negotiations. The article concludes that in the interest of facilitating the North—South dialogue in climate change negotiations, any framing of historical responsibility that excludes equity needs to be redefined.     

Climate policy and financial institutions

This article examines how financial institutions, such as pension funds and insurance companies, have interpreted and used UN-issued climate change management policies. A critical discourse approach is used to analyse material issued by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the World Bank Group and some business and investment consultancies, with interview data supplementing the document analysis. It is argued that although policymakers and business consultants have been eager to appropriate the discourses of financial services, they have not produced guidance on how the outputs of climate science might best be used to allocate managed capital. In terms of outcomes, financial services remain on the periphery of policy implementation, attention has been deflected from the emitters of greenhouse gases, and policy objectives have been frustrated. By unspoken fiat, the market is here the new truth that cannot be contradicted.     

津巴布韦对中国国家形象的动态地理想象——基于批判地缘政治理论的分析

当前世界正在经历百年未有之大变局,中国如何积极构建其国家形象成为一个迫切需要回答的综合问题。研究援引批判地缘政治作为理论工具,以在津巴布韦的调查作为经验材料,探讨了津巴布韦不同主体对中国国家形象的动态地理想象及其机制。研究发现,津巴布韦对中国国家形象的地理想象不再受到以其国家宣传话语主导的基于殖民历史和独立战争的历史叙事所支配。相反,在其快车道土地改革运动、中国“走出去”战略及其与非洲日益紧密的联系,以及以“特朗普主义”为代表的全球地缘政治湍流不断等时代背景下,津巴布韦内外部社会关系产生了剧烈变化,不同主体之间（包括国家、政府、政党、协会、企业和个体等）的关系开始变得复杂,津巴布韦社会对中国国家形象的认知因此不再受到历史叙事的单方面影响,也受到流动的中国企业、移民及其在地实践,以及津巴布韦内外部社会关系变化与这种实践之间的互动的影响,从而对中国国家形象进行了不断解构和重构。研究拓展了批判地缘政治理论对话语的理解,强化了该理论与现实问题产生互动的潜力。从应用价值来看,研究讨论了它塑路径对中国国家形象营建的逻辑,对于全球转型背景下如何打造中国国家形象具有一定参考价值。     

传统村落空间的表征与话语权力：基于文本话语的分析

基于社会空间思想与话语权力理论,研究了传统村落空间的表征及其干预实践的逻辑。结果发现：全球现代化与中国城乡实践导致的村落存续危机,构成了传统村落空间话语形成的条件与基础;文化遗产、保护发展、乡村旅游等构成当代中国社会关于传统村落空间的社会表征;作为专家、学者与政府合力建构的结果,“传统村落”蕴含着现代社会秩序与发展逻辑,规约着村落实践;政治与资本主体主导着传统村落空间实践观念与制度设计进而介入实践过程,以实现其空间治理与资本增值的目的。     

民间叙事论纲(下)

宝物主题、禁忌主题、婚恋主题、英雄主题和伦理主题 ,是民间叙事中最常见因而最重要的主题。民间叙事的形象包括人和物两个方面 ,形象的实质是人 ,进入民间叙事的万事万物都会打上或深或浅的人性烙印。民间叙事人物形象的根本特征是非常鲜明的类型化。民间叙事对于小说文体有着重要的影响 :它培养和提高了中国人的叙事思维和叙事能力 ;哺育滋养了文化人从记录民间故事进入自主创作的境地 ;从故事题材、人物形象、情节模式、民俗场景、细节语言等多方面不断给小说创作以营养 ;始终与中国小说的形式与发展相辅相扶而行。民间叙事还有一种特别值得关注的形态即活态的民间叙事。活态民间叙事包括以前曾被记录而今仍在口头存活的和一直只在口头流传而从未被记录过的两大部分。活态民间叙事中一种重要的形式是不以语言文字为载体而以身体动作为主要媒介的叙事———民间行为叙事。民间叙事传达民众的心声 ,打破了统治阶级官方话语和主流话语的霸权 ,对整个民族、国家有着极大、深刻、长远的影响 ,是有一种超越皇权、超越政府行政权力的在野权威     

GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN TRAVEL MODE PSYCHOPHYSICS

This paper introduces a new way of thinking about gentrification, by showing how two discourses of gentrification, the "revanchist city" (an American construct) and the "emancipatory city" (a Canadian construct) are produced and articulated in their national contexts. I demonstrate that such an approach allows to us to rethink the critique of "continentalism" vis-à-vis the "North American City" first posited by Goldberg and Mercer (1986). Following an explanation of why a consideration of discursive formations is important for the construction of a "geography of gentrification," the paper discusses the debate over continentalism before analysing the two gentrification discourses to illustrate the poetics and politics of representation which underpin them. The central argument is that our understandings of both gentrification and continentalism could be furthered by a new direction for gentrification research which is sensitive to context and takes onboard these academic discourses, examines the interplay which exists between them, and finds evidence to accept or reject the discourses in gentrifying neighborhoods throughout Canada and America.     

"The Same But Not the Same": The Discursive Constitution of Large Housing Estates in Germany,France, and Poland

Since the 1960s, large housing estates have shaped the geography of suburbia in many Western and Eastern European cities. This paper examines the constitution of the social and spatial meanings of large housing estates within three different national contexts: in Germany, Poland, and France. Employing discourse theory and an empirical analysis of the coverage of major national newspapers, we identify cross-national and specific national patterns of discourses that (re)produce particular social spaces and distinct social orders. Quantitative discourse analysis reveals differences, similarities, and ruptures in various constructions of the meaning of large housing estates. We find that large housing estates in France and Germany are constituted in print media as threatening places and as places of foreignness located "outside" the "proper society." In contrast, Polish large housing estates are framed discursively as threatened places located in the social "inside."     

“Playing With Fire” in a Pre-Election Period: Newspaper Coverage of 2007 Wildfires in Greece

Newspaper coverage of 2007 wildfires in Greece was examined within a pre-election period. Interpretative repertoires are presented that were employed by two newspapers, each aligned to one of the two leading parliamentary parties at that time. Media discourse was framed within the emergency character of the fire suppression paradigm, while fire was mistreated as unexpected and “unnatural,” namely, not integral to Mediterranean ecosystem dynamics. Depiction of the government focused on dealing with fire episodes and was marked by newspaper partisanship. This might have obscured the responsibility of political leadership to account for long-term rural socioeconomic trends, such as agricultural abandonment and rural depopulation, which might have added to fire hazard. Newspaper content was marked by the interpretative repertoire of “asymmetric threat,” launched by the government to shape wildfires as the result of a supposed conspiracy plan and, thereby, to overcome blame for its failures.     

基于主位理论的英语演讲语篇分析

从系统功能语法的角度,采用定性与定量相结合的分析方法,以4篇英语演讲语篇为例,对其主位结构、标记性及其推进模式进行统计和对比,进而描述并探求英语演讲语篇的结构特征和共性。